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Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Ultra-high energy density battery-type materials are promising candidates for supercapacitors (SCs); however, slow ion kinetics and significant volume expansion remain major barriers to their practical applications. To address these issues, hierarchical lattice distorted α-/γ-MnS@Co x S y core-shell heterostructure constrained in the sulphur (S), nitrogen (N) co-doped carbon (C) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derived nanosheets (α-/γ-MnS@Co x S y @N, SC) have been developed. The coordination bonding among Co x S y , and α-/γ-MnS nanoparticles at the interfaces and the π-π stacking interactions developed across α-/γ-MnS@Co x S y and N, SC restrict volume expansion during cycling. Furthermore, the porous lattice distorted heteroatom-enriched nanosheets contain a sufficient number of active sites to allow for efficient electron transportation. Density functional theory (DFT) confirms the significant change in electronic states caused by heteroatom doping and the formation of core-shell structures, which provide more accessible species with excellent interlayer and interparticle conductivity, resulting in increased electrical conductivity. . The α-/γ-MnS@Co x S y @N, SC electrode exhibits an excellent specific capacity of 277 mA hg -1 and cycling stability over 23 600 cycles. A quasi-solid-state flexible extrinsic pseudocapacitor (QFEPs) assembled using layer-by-layer deposited multi-walled carbon nanotube/Ti 3 C 2 T X nanocomposite negative electrode. QFEPs deliver specific energy of 64.8 Wh kg -1 (1.62 mWh cm -3 ) at a power of 933 W kg -1 and 92% capacitance retention over 5000 cycles., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

High-energy-density battery-type materials have sparked considerable interest as supercapacitors electrode; however, their sluggish charge kinetics limits utilization of redox-active sites, resulting in poor electrochemical performance. Here, the unique core-shell architecture of metal organic framework derived N-S codoped carbon@Co x S y micropetals decorated with Nb-incorporated cobalt molybdate nanosheets (Nb-CMO 4 @C x S y NC) is demonstrated. Coordination bonding across interfaces and π-π stacking interactions between CMO 4 @C x S y and N and, S-C can prevent volume expansion during cycling. Density functional theory analysis reveals that the excellent interlayer and the interparticle conductivity imparted by Nb doping in heteroatoms synergistically alter the electronic states and offer more accessible species, leading to increased electrical conductivity with lower band gaps. Consequently, the optimized electrode has a high specific capacity of 276.3 mAh g -1 at 1 A g -1 and retains 98.7% of its capacity after 10 000 charge-discharge cycles. A flexible quasi-solid-state SC with a layer-by-layer deposited reduced graphene oxide /Ti 3 C 2 T X anode achieves a specific energy of 75.5 Wh kg -1 (volumetric energy of 1.58 mWh cm -3 ) at a specific power of 1.875 kWh kg -1 with 96.2% capacity retention over 10 000 charge-discharge cycles., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data has been widely used to profile cellular heterogeneities with a high-resolution picture. Clustering analysis is a crucial step of scRNA-seq data analysis because it provides a chance to identify and uncover undiscovered cell types. Most methods for clustering scRNA-seq data use an unsupervised learning strategy. Since the clustering step is separated from the cell annotation and labeling step, it is not uncommon for a totally exotic clustering with poor biological interpretability to be generated-a result generally undesired by biologists. To solve this problem, we proposed an active learning (AL) framework for clustering scRNA-seq data. The AL model employed a learning algorithm that can actively query biologists for labels, and this manual labeling is expected to be applied to only a subset of cells. To develop an optimal active learning approach, we explored several key parameters of the AL model in the experiments with four real scRNA-seq datasets. We demonstrate that the proposed AL model outperformed state-of-the-art unsupervised clustering methods with less than 1000 labeled cells. Therefore, we conclude that AL model is a promising tool for clustering scRNA-seq data that allows us to achieve a superior performance effectively and efficiently., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology.)

Lepidagathis hyalina Nees is an ethnomedicinally potential Asian herb, locally used to treat cardiovascular diseases and coughs. The study was intended to evaluate qualitative and quantitative investigation to ensure numerous pharmacological properties of methanol extracts of L. hyalina Ness root (MELHR). MELHR manifested strong radical scavenging activity in the reducing power and DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assays, and phenol and flavonoid in the quantitative assays. In the study of the thrombolytic assay, MELHR showed moderate explicit percentage of clot lysis (29.39 ± 1.40%) with moderate (135.35  µ g/mL) toxic properties. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the inhibition of hypotonicity-induced RBC hemolysis, whereas the plant extract exhibited a significant (p p  ˂ 0.005) dose-dependent inhibition and the highest inhibition was found 55.01 ± 3.22% at 1000 µg/mL concentration. Moreover, the MELHR also showed significant ( p  < 0.005) dose-dependent potentiality on protein denaturation which is considered as antiarthritic activity, and the peak inhibition was found significant (71.97 ± 2.71%) at 1000  µ g/mL concentration. MELHR also exhibited the dose-dependent and statistically significant anthelmintic potential on aquarium worm ( Tubifex tubifex ). So, the present investigation suggests that L. hyalina could be the best choice for the management of cardiovascular, inflammation, arthritis, and anthelmintic diseases. Further investigation should be necessary to determine behind the mechanism of bioactivity and therapeutic potential of this plant., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Shafiqul Islam et al.)

Dispersing the minuscule mass loading without hampering the high catalytic activity and long-term stability of a noble metal catalyst results in its ultimate efficacy for the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Despite being the most efficient HER catalyst, the use of Pt is curtailed due to its scarcity and tendency to leach out in the harsh electrochemical reaction environment. In this study, we combined F-doped tin(IV) oxide (F-SnO 2 ) aerogel with Pt catalyst to prevent metallic corrosion and to achieve abundant Pt active sites (approximately 5 nm clusters) with large specific surface area (321 cm 2 ·g -1 ). With nanoscopic Pt loading inside the SnO 2 aerogel matrix, the as-synthesized hybrid F-SnO 2 @Pt possesses a large specific surface area and high porosity and, thus, exhibits efficient experimental and intrinsic HER activity (a low overpotential of 42 mV at 10 mA·cm -2 in 0.5 M sulfuric acid), a 22-times larger turnover frequency (11.2 H 2 ·s -1 ) than that of Pt/C at 50 mV, and excellent robustness over 10,000 cyclic voltammetry cycles. The existing metal support interaction and strong intermolecular forces between Pt and F-SnO 2 account for the catalytic superiority and persistence against corrosion of F-SnO 2 @Pt compared to commercially used Pt/C. Density functional theory analysis suggests that hybridization between the Pt and F-SnO 2 orbitals enhances intermediate hydrogen atom (H*) adsorption at their interface, which improves the reaction kinetics.

Lung transplantation is an important option for patients with end-stage lung disease. Many of these patients deteriorate rapidly and require inpatient care at the time of the transplant evaluation., Research Question: How does the setting of lung transplant evaluation relate to perioperative outcomes, short-term postoperative outcomes, and healthcare costs accrued after transplant?, Design: We reviewed the records of patients who underwent primary, bilateral lung transplantation at our center between January 1, 2014 and May 31, 2016. Patient evaluation setting was categorized as inpatient, outpatient, or combined. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and cost of care were assessed., Results: The study included 207 patients: 40 (19.3%) evaluated as inpatients, 146 (70.5%) as outpatients, and 21 (10.1%) as combined. Inpatients had the highest mean lung allocation scores (71.2 vs 49.7 [combined] and 40.8 [outpatient]; P < 0.001), lowest functional status at listing ( P < 0.001), highest number of blood products used during surgery ( P < 0.001), highest incidence of re-exploration for bleeding ( P = 0.006), and longest posttransplant hospital stays (median, 35 vs 15 days [combined] and 12 days [outpatient]; P < 0.001). One-year survival trended lower for inpatients (log-rank, P = 0.056). Inpatient evaluations had the highest total, variable, and fixed costs of posttransplant care ( P < 0.001)., Conclusion: Inpatient lung transplant evaluation was associated with longer hospital stays, higher perioperative morbidity, and lower 1-year survival. Partial or complete inpatient evaluation was associated with a higher cost of care posttransplant.

Time and history dependent magnetization has been observed in a wide variety of materials, which are collectively termed as the glassy magnetic systems. However, such systems showing similar non-equilibrium magnetic response can be microscopically very different and they can be distinguished by carefully looking into the details of the observed metastable magnetic behavior. Canonical spin glass (SG) is the most well studied member of this class and has been extensively investigated both experimentally and theoretically over the last five decades. In canonical SGs, the low temperature magnetic state obtained by cooling across the SG transition temperature in presence of an applied magnetic field is known as the field cooled (FC) state. This FC state in canonical SG is widely believed as an equilibrium state arising out of a thermodynamic second order phase transition. Here, we show that the FC state in canonical SG is not really an equilibrium state of the system. We report careful dc magnetization and ac susceptibility measurements on two canonical SG systems, AuMn (1.8%) and AgMn (1.1%). The dc magnetization in the FC state shows clear temperature dependence. In addition, the magnetization shows a distinct thermal hysteresis in the temperature regime below the SG transition temperature. On the other hand, the temperature dependence of ac susceptibility has clear frequency dispersion below SG transition in the FC state prepared by cooling the sample in the presence of a dc-bias field. We further distinguish the metastable response of the FC state of canonical SG from the metastable response of the FC state in an entirely different class of glassy magnetic system namely magnetic glass, where the non-equilibrium behavior is associated with the kinetic-arrest of a first order magnetic phase transition.

Introduction: Most lung transplant patients are older than 50 years. Complications from colonic diverticula are not uncommon, especially with chronic immunosuppression. However, limited data exist regarding the optimal management of these patients. We sought to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of diverticulitis after lung transplant., Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to review patients undergoing lung transplant between 2007 and 2016 with posttransplant acute colonic diverticulitis. Patients were grouped based on medical or surgical management., Results: Of 512 transplant recipients, 17 (3.32%) developed 26 episodes of diverticulitis over a median follow-up of 39 months. Nine patients had documented diverticulosis on pretransplant colonoscopy. These patients had a higher incidence of surgical intervention for diverticulitis, were more likely to have recurrent diverticulitis, and had longer lengths of stay than patients without pretransplant diverticulosis. Six (35.3%) of 17 patients required surgery (ie, Hartmann procedure; 4 during the initial episode and 2 during their third and fourth episodes); 11 patients (64.7%) were managed with antibiotics alone. Patients in the surgical group presented earlier posttransplant ( P = .004) and were on higher doses of tacrolimus ( P = .03). Six (46.1%) of 13 patients with medically managed first episodes of diverticulitis experienced recurrence. No recurrence occurred after surgical management. No deaths were attributable to diverticulitis in either group., Conclusions: Patients with pretransplant diverticulosis experienced earlier, more complicated episodes of diverticulitis posttransplant than patients without. Surgical patients received higher doses of tacrolimus and presented earlier than medical patients. Uncomplicated diverticulitis in posttransplant patients can be managed medically, even in the case of recurrent, uncomplicated disease.

In this work, we demonstrate a highly enhanced electrocatalytic activity of vanadium-doped CoP (V-CoP), directly grafted on a vertical graphene/carbon cloth electrode (VG/CC) by a facile electrochemical deposition method. Impressively, V-CoP/VG/CC exhibited a superior catalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline solution. Compared to CoP/VG/CC, V-doping decreased the overpotential for HER at 10 mA cm -2 by more than half to 40 mV. The new catalyst even outperformed Pt/C beyond 150 mA cm -2 . The overpotential for OER at 50 mA cm -2 was merely 314 mV, more than 100 mV lower than that of IrO 2 . Moreover, our novel catalyst worked as an excellent bifunctional catalyst with a low cell voltage of 1.69 V to achieve a current density of 50 mA cm -2 . Detailed characterizations revealed that the V-doping in CoP resulted in improved electrical conductivity and increased active sites. Our findings highlight the significant advantage of V doping on the catalytic activities of CoP, already boosted by VG. Furthermore, concurrent doping with the electrodeposition of catalyst offers a new approach for practical water electrolysis., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Two-dimensional layered transition-metal-dichalcogenide compound 1T-TaS 2 shows the rare coexistence of charge density wave (CDW) and electron correlation driven Mott transition. In addition, atomic-cluster spins on the triangular lattice of the CDW state of 1T-TaS 2 give rise to the possibility of the exotic spin-singlet state in which quantum fluctuations of spins are strong enough to prevent any long range magnetic ordering down to the temperature absolute zero (0 K). We present here the evidences of a glass-like random singlet magnetic state in 1T-TaS 2 at low temperatures through a study of temperature and time dependence of magnetization. Comparing the experimental results with a representative canonical spin-glass system Au(1.8%Mn), we show that this glass-like state is distinctly different from the well established canonical spin-glass state.

Lung transplant recipients have a significant incidence of posttransplant lung nodules. Such nodules can occur from various etiologies, both in the lung allograft or in the native lung. They most commonly originate from infections, such as Pseudomonas or Aspergillus species, or from posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Lung cancer is challenging to diagnose in a native lung, especially with an underlying fibrotic disease. We present a case of a 75-year-old woman who presented with classic clinical features of pulmonary aspergillosis in the native right lung with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 5 years after left-sided single-lung transplant. She required a right lower lobectomy and antifungal treatment with isavuconazonium sulfate and inhaled amphotericin. A persistent right upper lobe lung nodule was noted during surveillance imaging and was initially presumed to be recurrent Aspergillus infection; however, growth of the nodule and change in its characteristics prompted additional examination. A navigational bronchoscopic biopsy was positive for squamous cell carcinoma. Her options for stage IIIA squamous cell carcinoma were limited to chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin plus radiation. Although initial surveillance scans showed adequate tumor response, metastatic squamous cell carcinoma was found in the liver 6 months later. She was eventually transitioned to palliative care. This case highlights the importance of a high index of suspicion for examination of nodules in the native lung of lung transplant recipients, even in cases of a known diagnosis, owing to the high morbidity and mortality associated with primary lung cancer in this population., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Laparoscopic repair remains the gold-standard treatment for paraesophageal hernia (PEH). We analyzed long-term symptomatic outcomes and surgical reintervention rates after primary PEH repair with onlay synthetic bioabsorbable mesh (W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., Flagstaff, AZ) and examined body mass index (BMI) as a possible risk factor for poor outcomes and for recurrence., Methods: We queried a prospectively maintained database to identify patients who underwent laparoscopic primary PEH repair with onlay patch of a bioprosthetic absorbable mesh (Bio-A® Gore®) between 05/28/2009 and 12/31/2013. Electronic health records were accessed to record demographic and operative data and were reviewed up to the present to identify any repeat procedures. Patients were grouped according to preoperative BMI (A: BMI < 25; B: BMI = 25-29.9; C: BMI = 30-34.9; D: BMI ≥ 35). Patients completed standardized satisfaction and symptom surveys., Results: In total, 399 patients were included. Most patients (n = 261; 65.4%) were women. Mean age was 59.6 ± 13.4 years; mean BMI was 29.9 ± 5.0 kg/m 2 . The patients were grouped as follows: A, 53 patients (13.3%); B, 166 (41.6%); C, 115 (28.8%); D: 65 (16.3%). Four procedures (1.0%) were converted from laparoscopy to open procedures. All patients underwent an antireflux procedure (225 Nissen, 170 Toupet, 4 Dor). A mean follow-up of 44.7 ± 22.8 months was available for 305 patients (76.4%). 24/305 patients (7.9%) underwent reoperation, and the number of reoperations did not differ among groups (P = 0.64). Long-term symptomatic outcomes were available for 217/305 patients (71.1%) at a mean follow-up of 54.0 ± 13.1  months; no significant difference was observed among groups. 194/217 patients (89.4%) reported good to excellent satisfaction, with no significant differences among the groups., Conclusions: Laparoscopic primary PEH repair with onlay Bio-A® mesh is a safe and feasible procedure with excellent long-term patient-centered outcomes and acceptable symptomatic recurrence rate. BMI does not appear to be related to the need for surgical reintervention.

Purpose: This study analyzes clinical consequences and dosimetric variations after imperfect brachytherapy insertions. It examines treatment decisions after such insertions in patients having difficult anatomy, which leads to good subsequent insertions with acceptable dose volume parameters., Material and Methods: We reviewed images of all insertions performed during last one year and sorted faulty ones out. Clinical outcome was assessed, analyzing original treatment records. Repeat three-dimensional planning using identical dose-optimization-technique compared their dosimetry. Statistical analysis using SPSS ® -Statistics-software included Fisher's-exact-test to analyze predisposing factors for faulty insertions and predictive factors for subsequent satisfactory insertion. Friedman test was used to compare dose-volume-effects of normalization., Results: Eighteen of 292 brachytherapy plans revealed imperfect insertions, including thirteen perforations (4.5%). Lack of pre-planning, obstructing mass, narrow vagina, acute anteversion of uterus, and multi-parity were significant ( p ≤ 0.05) predisposing factors for atypical insertions. Satisfactory optimization was possible after correcting acute anteflexion or positioning tandem in retroverted direction in uncorrectable retroverted uterus. Dose normalization at point A shifted optimized dose from contoured volume to point of normalization, often undesirably. This difference, however, was statistically not significant ( p = 0.121). In patients having obstructing mass, subsequent insertions were perfect, and dose volume parameters were acceptable only when full prescribed dose was delivered to at least 60% volume of the mass after a faulty insertion ( p < 0.001)., Conclusions: Pre-planning by imaging is suggested in all cases of brachytherapy. Insertion of adequate length of tandem aligned to uterine axis is warranted for adequate tumor coverage. Whenever detected, acute anteflexion and mobile retroversion should be corrected. Tandem inserted in retroverted direction in uncorrectable retroverted uterus generates acceptable dose volume parameters. In cases with obstructive cervical mass, good subsequent insertion is possible with acceptable dose volume parameters, if planned dose can be delivered to its 60% volume.

Patients under consideration for lung transplantation as treatment for end-stage lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) often have risk factors such as a history of smoking or concomitant emphysema, both of which can predispose the patient to lung cancer. In fact, IPF itself increases the risk of lung cancer development by 6.8% to 20%. Solid organ malignancy (non-skin) is an established contraindication for lung transplantation. We encountered a clinical dilemma in a patient who presented with an IPF flare-up and underwent urgent evaluation for lung transplantation. After transplant, the patient's explanted lungs showed extensive adenocarcinoma in situ , with the foci of invasion and metastatic adenocarcinoma in N1-level lymph nodes, as well as usual interstitial pneumonia. Retrospectively, we saw no evidence to suggest malignancy in addition to the IPF flare-up. Clinical diagnostic dilemmas such as this emphasize the need for new noninvasive testing that would facilitate malignancy diagnosis in patients too sick to undergo invasive tissue biopsy for diagnosis. Careful pathological examination of explanted lungs in patients with IPF is critical, as it can majorly influence immunosuppressive regimens, surveillance imaging, and overall prognosis after lung transplant.

Background Preoperative atrial fibrillation is associated with poor outcomes after cardiac surgery, but its effect on lung transplantation outcomes remains unknown. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 235 patients who underwent lung transplantation in our institution from 2013 to 2015, analyzing demographics, length of stay, survival, readmissions, and cardiac events. Mean recipient age was 59 ± 11 years, and 142 (60.4%) were men. Patients were grouped according to pre-transplantation atrial fibrillation status (atrial fibrillation/no atrial fibrillation). Results The atrial fibrillation group ( n = 38; 16.2%) was significantly older with a longer ischemic time, more postoperative atrial arrhythmias (73.7% vs. 20.8%, p = 0.01), and a longer median postoperative length of stay (16 vs. 13 days, p = 0.02). The median total hospital stay in the first postoperative year was also higher in the atrial fibrillation group (27 vs. 21 days, p = 0.25). Short-term survival and survival during follow-up did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions Lung transplant recipients with preoperative atrial fibrillation are at increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and longer hospital stay. Preoperative atrial fibrillation may portend adverse events after lung transplantation.

Despite tremendous progress in the development of novel electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the accumulation of hydrogen gas bubbles produced on the catalyst surface has been rather poorly addressed. The bubbles block the surface of the electrode, thus resulting in poor performance even when excellent electrocatalysts are used. In this study, we show that vertically grown graphene nanohills (VGNHs) possess an excellent capability to quickly disengage the produced hydrogen gas bubbles from the electrode surface, and thus exhibit superaerophobic properties. To compensate for the poor electrolytic properties of graphene toward HER, the graphene surface was modified with WS 2 nanoparticles to accelerate the water-splitting process by using this hybrid catalyst (VGNHs-WS 2 ). For comparison purposes, WS 2 nanoparticles were also deposited on the flat graphene (FG) surface. Because of its superior superaerophobic properties, VGNHs-WS 2 outperformed FG-WS 2 in terms of both catalytic activity toward the HER and superaerophobicity. Furthermore, VGNHs-WS 2 exhibited a low onset potential (36 mV compared to 288 mV for FG-WS 2 ) and long-term stability in the HER over an extended period of 20 h. This study provides an efficient way to utilize highly conductive and superaerophobic VGNHs as support materials for intrinsic semiconductors, such as WS 2 , to simultaneously achieve superaerophobicity and high catalytic activity.

Background: Machine learning is used to analyze big data, often for the purposes of prediction. Analyzing a patient's healthcare utilization pattern may provide more precise estimates of risk for adverse events (AE) or death. We sought to characterize healthcare utilization prior to surgery using machine learning for the purposes of risk prediction., Methods: Patients from MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database undergoing elective surgery from 2007-2012 with ≥1 comorbidity were included. All available healthcare claims occurring within six months prior to surgery were assessed. More than 300 predictors were defined by considering all combinations of conditions, encounter types, and timing along with sociodemographic factors. We used a supervised Naive Bayes algorithm to predict risk of AE or death within 90 days of surgery. We compared the model's performance to the Charlson's comorbidity index, a commonly used risk prediction tool., Results: Among 410,521 patients (mean age 52, 52 ± 9.4, 56% female), 4.7% had an AE and 0.01% died. The Charlson's comorbidity index predicted 57% of AE's and 59% of deaths. The Naive Bayes algorithm predicted 79% of AE's and 78% of deaths. Claims for cancer, kidney disease, and peripheral vascular disease were the primary drivers of AE or death following surgery., Conclusions: The use of machine learning algorithms improves upon one commonly used risk estimator. Precisely quantifying the risk of an AE following surgery may better inform patient-centered decision-making and direct targeted quality improvement interventions while supporting activities of accountable care organizations that rely on accurate estimates of population risk.

Time-reversal symmetry (TRS) breaking of the topological insulators (TIs) is a prerequisite to observe the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) and topological magnetoelectric effect (TME). Although antiferromagnetism as well as ferromagnetism could break the TRS and generate massive Dirac surface states in the TIs, no attention has been paid to the antiferromagnet-TI heterostructures. Herein, we report the magnetotransport measurements of Bi 2 Se 3 proximately coupled to antiferromagnetic NiO. Thin films of Bi 2 Se 3 were successfully grown on the NiO (001) single crystalline substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Unexpectedly, we observed a strong suppression of the weak antilocalization effect, which is similar to the case of TIs coupled to the ferromagnetic materials. For the 5 nm-thick Bi 2 Se 3 sample on NiO, we even observed a crossover to weak localization at 2 K. These behaviors are attributed to the strong magnetic exchange field from the Ni 3d electrons. Our results show the effectiveness of the antiferromagnetic materials in breaking the TRS of TIs by the proximity effect and their possible applications for QAHE and TME observations.