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IT is a pleasure and an honor for me to be here to participate in the discussion of a problem of major importance to both the American Public Health Association and the Biological Survey, the health workers being interested in safeguarding the health of this nation, and of the world, from ratborne diseases, and the survey in controlling an animal that is a greater menace to the health of mankind and a greater destroyer of property than any other in the world. My subject, "Rodent Control in Food Establishments," means rat control in food establishments, because the rat constitutes the major rodent problem in such places and, with the exception of the house mouse, is the only one with which we need be concerned. The brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) is the common rat known throughout this country. Another species of the same genus, the black rat (Rattus rattus), is present in parts of the southern and southeastern states. I am well aware that members of the American Public Health Association are much more familiar than I am with the diseases of human beings that rats transmit and the manner in which each

Cholesteatoma of the ear is a well recognized entity, but it is not well known that cholesteatoma may occur in other areas of the body, including the intestinal tract, brain, genitalia, skin, eye, sinuses, and kidney. Cholesteatomas originating in areas such as the brain are considered to be true tumors, arising from anlage rests. In the ear and kidney, however, the origin is generally felt to be associated with chronic infection causing squamous metaplasia. The keratin or cornified material shed by the squamous epithelium may be passed in the urine as “flakes of skin” or be retained within the kidney as a mass of keratin. When the keratin accumulates in the kidney in association with squamous metaplasia, the condition is known as cholesteatoma. The flakes of keratin present a stringy or mottled appearance on the pyelogram. Since the original description of cholesteatoma of the kidney by Rokitansky in 1861, 10 cases have been reported, most of them without radiographs and none in the radiological literatu...

A research project investigating the impact of ‘quality of working life’ initiatives was undertaken at the Trade Union Research Unit, Ruskin College, Oxford during 1977 by Darryl Hull, supervised by Roy Moore and supported by a Social Science Research Council grant. The project was designed to throw light on certain broad questions relating to changes in work organisation of particular concern to trade unions. Has the concept of work organisation been two narrowly defined in relation to the total work situation? Does the involvement of workers in the planning and decision‐making processes of a plant produce a dynamic force capable of changing management and trade union structures at plant level? What are the implications for unions of the increasing application by management of work organisation initiatives? What has been the impact of such initiatives, in parallel with the development of a ‘joint management’ philosophy, on unions and their members?