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This paper illustrates how to assess the risk associated with solar and wind farm energy creation by identifying the critical operational factors and then developing multivariate models. The study reveals that a dependence on solar and wind could place consumers at risk of interrupted service given the state of contemporary battery technology. Large scale electricity storage is not currently available which places a contingency risk on electricity generating capacity. More so, maintaining system stability where solar and wind play a significant role in generating electricity is a growing challenge facing utility operators. Therefore, the authors demonstrate how to build a model that quantifies uncertainty by matching uncontrollable supply to uncontrollable demand where a gravity battery may be installed as a buffer. This novel approach generalizes to fossil fuel and nuclear plant operations because demand fluctuations could be managed by storing surplus energy into a gravity battery to meet high peak periods.

Throughout the past century production techniques have changed significantly around the world. Deming helped the Japanese by focusing on quality products instead of profits as a whole. Roy Nersesian's Trends and Tools of Operations Management focuses on operations management and concerns aspects of production and illustrations using computer software tools such as Evolver and RISK Optimizer. Roy Nersesian is an Associate Professor of Management at Monmouth University, where he teaches operation and logistics management. Executives and managers need to be well informed with the changing of production processes and focus on continuous improvement. Nersesian focuses on how the Japanese changed operation management.