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3. A multi-city comparison of front and backyard differences in plant species diversity and nitrogen cycling in residential landscapes

Author

Locke, Dexter H., Avolio, Meghan, Trammell, Tara L.E., Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, Morgan Grove, J., Rogan, John, Martin, Deborah G., Bettez, Neil, Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Groffman, Peter M., Hall, Sharon J., Heffernan, James B., Hobbie, Sarah E., Larson, Kelli L., Morse, Jennifer L., Neill, Christopher, Ogden, Laura A., O'Neil-Dunne, Jarlath P.M., Pataki, Diane, Pearse, William D., Polsky, Colin, and Wheeler, Megan M.

Published
2018
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5. Continental-scale homogenization of residential lawn plant communities

Author

Wheeler, Megan M., Neill, Christopher, Groffman, Peter M., Avolio, Meghan, Bettez, Neil, Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, Darling, Lindsay, Grove, J. Morgan, Hall, Sharon J., Heffernan, James B., Hobbie, Sarah E., Larson, Kelli L., Morse, Jennifer L., Nelson, Kristen C., Ogden, Laura A., O’Neil-Dunne, Jarlath, Pataki, Diane E., Polsky, Colin, Steele, Meredith, and Trammell, Tara L.E.

Published
2017
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6. Ten facts about land systems for sustainability

Author

Meyfroidt, Patrick, De Bremond, Ariane, Ryan, Casey M., Archer, Emma, Aspinall, Richard, Chhabra, Abha, Camara, Gilberto, Corbera, Esteve, DeFries, Ruth, Díaz, Sandra, Dong, Jinwei, Ellis, Erle C., Erb, Karl-Heinz, Fisher, Janet A., Garrett, Rachael D., Golubiewski, Nancy E., Grau, H. Ricardo, Grove, J. Morgan, Haberl, Helmut, Heinimann, Andreas, Hostert, Patrick, Jobbágy, Esteban G., Kerr, Suzi, Kuemmerle, Tobias, Lambin, Eric F., Lavorel, Sandra, Lele, Sharachandra, Mertz, Ole, Messerli, Peter, Metternicht, Graciela, Munroe, Darla K., Nagendra, Harini, Nielsen, Jonas Østergaard, Ojima, Dennis S., Parker, Dawn Cassandra, Pascual, Unai, Porter, John R., Ramankutty, Navin, Reenberg, Anette, Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, Seto, Karen C., Seufert, Verena, Shibata, Hideaki, Thomson, Allison, Turner, Billie L., Urabe, Jotaro, Veldkamp, Tom, Verburg, Peter H., Zeleke, Gete, zu Ermgassen, Erasmus K. H. J., Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Geografia, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Environmental Geography, University of Twente, and Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation

Subjects
Conservation of Natural Resources, Multidisciplinary, land use, Agriculture, sustainability, ITC-HYBRID, social-ecological systems, SDG 17 - Partnerships for the Goals, governance, ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE, 320 Political science, Humans, Renewable Energy, Social Change, 550 Earth sciences & geology, Ecosystem
Abstract

Land use is central to addressing sustainability issues, including biodiversity conservation, climate change, food security, poverty alleviation, and sustainable energy. In this paper, we synthesize knowledge accumulated in land system science, the integrated study of terrestrial social-ecological systems, into 10 hard truths that have strong, general, empirical support. These facts help to explain the challenges of achieving sustainability in land use and thus also point toward solutions. The 10 facts are as follows: 1) Meanings and values of land are socially constructed and contested; 2) land systems exhibit complex behaviors with abrupt, hard-to-predict changes; 3) irreversible changes and path dependence are common features of land systems; 4) some land uses have a small footprint but very large impacts; 5) drivers and impacts of land-use change are globally interconnected and spill over to distant locations; 6) humanity lives on a used planet where all land provides benefits to societies; 7) land-use change usually entails trade-offs between different benefits-"win-wins" are thus rare; 8) land tenure and land-use claims are often unclear, overlapping, and contested; 9) the benefits and burdens from land are unequally distributed; and 10) land users have multiple, sometimes conflicting, ideas of what social and environmental justice entails. The facts have implications for governance, but do not provide fixed answers. Instead they constitute a set of core principles which can guide scientists, policy makers, and practitioners toward meeting sustainability challenges in land use., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119 (7), ISSN:0027-8424, ISSN:1091-6490

Published
2022

7. Ecological homogenization of soil properties in the American residential macrosystem

Author

Ryan, Christopher D., primary, Groffman, Peter M., additional, Grove, J. Morgan, additional, Hall, Sharon J., additional, Heffernan, James B., additional, Hobbie, Sarah E., additional, Locke, Dexter H., additional, Morse, Jennifer L., additional, Neill, Christopher, additional, Nelson, Kristen C., additional, O'Neil‐Dunne, Jarlath, additional, Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, additional, Steele, Meredith K., additional, and Trammell, Tara L. E., additional

Published
2022
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8. Ten facts about land systems for sustainability

Author

UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Meyfroidt, Patrick, de Bremond, Ariane, Ryan, Casey M., Archer, Emma, Aspinall, Richard, Chhabra, Abha, Camara, Gilberto, Corbera, Esteve, DeFries, Ruth, Díaz, Sandra, Dong, Jinwei, Ellis, Erle C., Erb, Karl-Heinz, Fisher, Janet A., Garrett, Rachael D., Golubiewski, Nancy E., Grau, H. Ricardo, Grove, J. Morgan, Haberl, Helmut, Heinimann, Andreas, Hostert, Patrick, Jobbágy, Esteban G., Kerr, Suzi, Kuemmerle, Tobias, Lambin, Eric F., Lavorel, Sandra, Lele, Sharachandra, Mertz, Ole, Messerli, Peter, Metternicht, Graciela, Munroe, Darla K., Nagendra, Harini, Nielsen, Jonas Østergaard, Ojima, Dennis S., Parker, Dawn Cassandra, Pascual, Unai, Porter, John R., Ramankutty, Navin, Reenberg, Anette, Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, Seto, Karen C., Seufert, Verena, Shibata, Hideaki, Thomson, Allison, Turner, Billie L., Urabe, Jotaro, Veldkamp, Tom, Verburg, Peter H., Zeleke, Gete, zu Ermgassen, Erasmus K. H. J., UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Meyfroidt, Patrick, de Bremond, Ariane, Ryan, Casey M., Archer, Emma, Aspinall, Richard, Chhabra, Abha, Camara, Gilberto, Corbera, Esteve, DeFries, Ruth, Díaz, Sandra, Dong, Jinwei, Ellis, Erle C., Erb, Karl-Heinz, Fisher, Janet A., Garrett, Rachael D., Golubiewski, Nancy E., Grau, H. Ricardo, Grove, J. Morgan, Haberl, Helmut, Heinimann, Andreas, Hostert, Patrick, Jobbágy, Esteban G., Kerr, Suzi, Kuemmerle, Tobias, Lambin, Eric F., Lavorel, Sandra, Lele, Sharachandra, Mertz, Ole, Messerli, Peter, Metternicht, Graciela, Munroe, Darla K., Nagendra, Harini, Nielsen, Jonas Østergaard, Ojima, Dennis S., Parker, Dawn Cassandra, Pascual, Unai, Porter, John R., Ramankutty, Navin, Reenberg, Anette, Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, Seto, Karen C., Seufert, Verena, Shibata, Hideaki, Thomson, Allison, Turner, Billie L., Urabe, Jotaro, Veldkamp, Tom, Verburg, Peter H., Zeleke, Gete, and zu Ermgassen, Erasmus K. H. J.

Abstract

Land use is central to addressing sustainability issues, including biodiversity conservation, climate change, food security, poverty alleviation, and sustainable energy. In this paper, we synthesize knowledge accumulated in land system science, the integrated study of terrestrial social-ecological systems, into 10 hard truths that have strong, general, empirical support. These facts help to explain the challenges of achieving sustainability in land use and thus also point toward solutions. The 10 facts are as follows: 1) Meanings and values of land are socially constructed and contested; 2) land systems exhibit complex behaviors with abrupt, hard-to-predict changes; 3) irreversible changes and path dependence are common features of land systems; 4) some land uses have a small footprint but very large impacts; 5) drivers and impacts of land-use change are globally interconnected and spill over to distant locations; 6) humanity lives on a used planet where all land provides benefits to societies; 7) land-use change usually entails trade-offs between different benefits—"win–wins" are thus rare; 8) land tenure and land-use claims are often unclear, overlapping, and contested; 9) the benefits and burdens from land are unequally distributed; and 10) land users have multiple, sometimes conflicting, ideas of what social and environmental justice entails. The facts have implications for governance, but do not provide fixed answers. Instead they constitute a set of core principles which can guide scientists, policy makers, and practitioners toward meeting sustainability challenges in land use.

Published
2022

10. Framing the search for a theory of land use

Author

UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Turner, BL, Meyfroidt, Patrick, Kuemmerle, Tobias, Müller, Daniel, Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Turner, BL, Meyfroidt, Patrick, Kuemmerle, Tobias, Müller, Daniel, and Roy Chowdhury, Rinku

Published
2020

13. Working with Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) in large‐scale ecological assessments: Reviewing the experience of the IPBES Global Assessment

Author

McElwee, Pamela, primary, Fernández‐Llamazares, Álvaro, additional, Aumeeruddy‐Thomas, Yildiz, additional, Babai, Dániel, additional, Bates, Peter, additional, Galvin, Kathleen, additional, Guèze, Maximilien, additional, Liu, Jianguo, additional, Molnár, Zsolt, additional, Ngo, Hien T., additional, Reyes‐García, Victoria, additional, Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, additional, Samakov, Aibek, additional, Shrestha, Uttam Babu, additional, Díaz, Sandra, additional, and Brondízio, Eduardo S., additional

Published
2020
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15. Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

Author

Díaz, Sandra, Settele, Josef, Brondízio, Eduardo S., Ngo, Hien T., Guèze, Maximilien, Agard, John, Arneth, Almut, Balvanera, Patricia, Brauman, Kate, Butchart, Stuart H., Chan, Kai M., Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro, Ichii, Kazuhito, Liu, Jianguo, Mazhenchery Subramanian, Suneetha, Midgley, Guy, Miloslavich, Patricia, Molnár, Zsolt, Obura, David, Pfaff, Alexander, Polasky, Stephen, Purvis, Andy, Razzaque, Jona, Reyers, Belinda, Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, Shin, Yunne J., Visseren Hamakers, Ingrid, Willis, Katherine, and Zayas, Cynthia

Subjects
IPBES, Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services
Abstract

Fil: Díaz, Sandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina. Fil: Díaz, Sandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina. Fil: Settele, Josef. Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung. Department of Community Ecology; Alemania. Fil: Brondízio, Eduardo. Indiana University Bloomington. Department of Anthropology; Estados Unidos. Fil: Ngo, Hien T. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services; Alemania. Fil: Guèze, Maximilien. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services; Alemania. Fil: Agard, John. University of the West Indies. Department of Life Sciences; Trinidad y Tobago. Fil: Arneth, Almut. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research. Atmospheric Environmental Research; Alemania. Fil: Balvanera, Patricia. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad; México. Fil: Brauman, Kate A. University of Minnesota. Institute on the Environment; Estados Unidos. Fil: Butchart, Stuart H. M. BirdLife International; Reino Unido. Fil: Chan, Kai. University of British Columbia. Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability; Canada. Fil: Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural; Argentina. Fil: Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural; Argentina. Fil: Ichii, Kazuhito. National Institute for Environmental Studies. Center for Global Environmental Research; Japón. Fil: Liu, Jianguo. Michigan State University. Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability; Estados Unidos. Fil: Mazhenchery Subramanian, Suneetha. United Nations University. Institute of Advanced Studies; Japón. Fil: Midgley, Guy. Stellenbosch University. Department of Botany and Zoology; Sudáfrica. Fil: Miloslavich, Patricia. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. Oceans and Atmosphere; Australia. Fil: Molnár, Zsolt. Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Traditional Ecological Knowledge Research Group; Hungría. Fil: Obura, David. Coastal Oceans Research and Development – Indian Ocean; Kenya. Fil: Pfaff, Alexander. Duke University; Estados Unidos. Fil: Polasky, Stephen. University of Minnesota. Department of Applied Economics; Estados Unidos. Fil: Purvis, Andy. Natural History Museum. Department of Life Sciences; Reino Unido. Fil: Razzaque, Jona. University of the West of England. Faculty of Business and Law. Department of Law; Reino Unido. Fil: Reyers, Belinda. Stellenbosch University. Department of Conservation Ecology; Sudáfrica. Fil: Roy Chowdhury, Rinku. Clark University. Graduate School of Geography; Estados Unidos. Fil: Shin, Yunne J. Institute of Research for Development, Sète & Montpellier; Francia. Fil: Visseren Hamakers, Ingrid. George Mason University. Department of Environmental Science and Policy; Estados Unidos. Fil: Willis, Katherine. University of Oxford. Department of Zoology; Reino Unido. Fil: Zayas, Cynthia N. University of the Philippines. Center for International Studies; Filipinas. Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.

Published
2019

16. The global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services: Summary for policy makers

Author

Díaz, Sandra Myrna, Settele, Josef, Brondízio, Eduardo, Ngo, Hien, Guèze, Maximilien, Agard, John, Arneth, Almut, Balvanera, Patricia, Brauman, Kate, Butchart, Stuart, Chan, Kai M. A., Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro, Ichii, Kazuhito, Liu, Jianguo, Subramanian, Suneetha, Midgley, Guy, Miloslavich, Patricia, Molnár, Zsolt, Obura, David, Pfaff, Alexander, Polasky, Stephen, Purvis, Andy, Razzaque, Jona, Reyers, Belinda, Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, Shin, Yunne-Jai, Visseren-Hamakers, Ingrid, Willis, Katherine, and Zayas, Cynthia

Subjects
Ciencias Biológicas, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], SUSTAINABILITY, QUALITY OF LIFE, BIODIVERSITY, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, Ecología, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Conservación de la Biodiversidad
Abstract

This report represents a critical assessment, the first in almost 15 years (since the release of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment in 2005) and the first ever carried out by an intergovernmental body, of the status and trends of the natural world, the social implications of these trends, their direct and indirect causes, and, importantly, the actions that can still be taken to ensure a better future for all. These complex links have been assessed using a simple, yet very inclusive framework that should resonate with a wide range of stakeholders, since it recognizes diverse world views, values and knowledge systems. Fil: Díaz, Sandra Myrna. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Settele, Josef. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Alemania Fil: Brondízio, Eduardo. Indiana University; Estados Unidos Fil: Ngo, Hien. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services; Alemania Fil: Guèze, Maximilien. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services; Alemania Fil: Agard, John. University of The West Indies; Trinidad y Tobago Fil: Arneth, Almut. Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie; Alemania Fil: Balvanera, Patricia. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Fil: Brauman, Kate. University of Minnesota; Estados Unidos Fil: Butchart, Stuart. University of Cambridge; Reino Unido Fil: Chan, Kai M. A.. University of British Columbia; Canadá Fil: Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones En Recursos Naturales, Agroecologia y Desarrollo Rural. - Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones En Recursos Naturales, Agroecologia y Desarrollo Rural.; Argentina Fil: Ichii, Kazuhito. Chiba University; Japón Fil: Liu, Jianguo. Michigan State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Subramanian, Suneetha. United Nations University; Japón Fil: Midgley, Guy. Stellenbosch University; Sudáfrica Fil: Miloslavich, Patricia. Universidad Simon Bolivar.; Venezuela Fil: Molnár, Zsolt. Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Hungría Fil: Obura, David. Coastal Oceans Research and Development Indian Ocean; Kenia Fil: Pfaff, Alexander. University of Duke; Estados Unidos Fil: Polasky, Stephen. University of Minnesota; Estados Unidos Fil: Purvis, Andy. Natural History Museum; Reino Unido Fil: Razzaque, Jona. University of the West of England; Reino Unido Fil: Reyers, Belinda. Stellenbosch University; Sudáfrica Fil: Roy Chowdhury, Rinku. Clark University; Estados Unidos Fil: Shin, Yunne-Jai. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Visseren-Hamakers, Ingrid. Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen; Países Bajos Fil: Willis, Katherine. University of Oxford; Reino Unido Fil: Zayas, Cynthia. University of the Philippines; Filipinas

Published
2019

17. Toward a normative land systems science

Author

UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Nielsen, Jonas Ø, de Bremond, Ariane, Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, Friis, Cecilie, Metternicht, Graciela, Meyfroidt, Patrick, Munroe, Darla, Pascual, Unai, Thomson, Allison, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Nielsen, Jonas Ø, de Bremond, Ariane, Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, Friis, Cecilie, Metternicht, Graciela, Meyfroidt, Patrick, Munroe, Darla, Pascual, Unai, and Thomson, Allison

Abstract

Science should provide solutions for societal transformations toward sustainability in the face of global environmental change. Land system science, as a systemic science focused on complex socio-ecological interactions around land use and associated trade-offs and synergies, is well placed to contribute to this agenda. This goal requires a stronger engagement with the normative implications of scientific practice, research topics, questions and results. We identify concerns as well as three concrete steps for land system science to more deeply contribute in normative issues. In particular, we encourage land system scientists to discuss explicitly the normative questions, values, perspectives and assumptions already present in our research, as well as to identify key normative research questions to contribute to societal transformations

Published
2019

19. Homogenization of plant diversity, composition, and structure in North American urban yards

Author

Pearse, William D., Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Hobbie, Sarah E., Avolio, Meghan L., Bettez, Neil D., Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, Darling, Lindsay, Groffman, Peter M., Grove, J. Morgan, Hall, Sharon J., Heffernan, James B., Learned, Jennifer, Neill, Christopher, Nelson, Kristen, Pataki, Diane E., Ruddell, Benjamin L., Steele, Meredith K., Trammell, Tara, Pearse, William D., Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Hobbie, Sarah E., Avolio, Meghan L., Bettez, Neil D., Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, Darling, Lindsay, Groffman, Peter M., Grove, J. Morgan, Hall, Sharon J., Heffernan, James B., Learned, Jennifer, Neill, Christopher, Nelson, Kristen, Pataki, Diane E., Ruddell, Benjamin L., Steele, Meredith K., and Trammell, Tara

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Ecosphere 9 (2018): e02105, doi:10.1002/ecs2.2105., Urban ecosystems are widely hypothesized to be more ecologically homogeneous than natural ecosystems. We argue that urban plant communities assemble from a complex mix of horticultural and regional species pools, and evaluate the homogenization hypothesis by comparing cultivated and spontaneously occurring urban vegetation to natural area vegetation across seven major U.S. cities. There was limited support for homogenization of urban diversity, as the cultivated and spontaneous yard flora had greater numbers of species than natural areas, and cultivated phylogenetic diversity was also greater. However, urban yards showed evidence of homogenization of composition and structure. Yards were compositionally more similar across regions than were natural areas, and tree density was less variable in yards than in comparable natural areas. This homogenization of biodiversity likely reflects similar horticultural source pools, homeowner preferences, and management practices across U.S. cities., National Science Foundation Macrosystems Biology Program in the Emerging Frontiers Division of the Biological Sciences Directorate and Long Term Ecological Research Program. Grant Numbers: EF‐1065548, 1065737, 1065740, 1065741, 1065772, 1065785, 1065831, 121238320, DEB‐0423476, BCS‐1026865, DEB‐0423704, DEB‐9714833, OCE‐1058747, OCE‐1238212, DEB‐0620652, DBI‐0620409

Published
2018

21. Homogenization of plant diversity, composition, and structure in North American urban yards

Author

Pearse, William D., primary, Cavender‐Bares, Jeannine, additional, Hobbie, Sarah E., additional, Avolio, Meghan L., additional, Bettez, Neil, additional, Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, additional, Darling, Lindsay E., additional, Groffman, Peter M., additional, Grove, J. Morgan, additional, Hall, Sharon J., additional, Heffernan, James B., additional, Learned, Jennifer, additional, Neill, Christopher, additional, Nelson, Kristen C., additional, Pataki, Diane E., additional, Ruddell, Benjamin L., additional, Steele, Meredith K., additional, and Trammell, Tara L. E., additional

Published
2018
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22. Satisfaction, water and fertilizer use in the American residential macrosystem

Author

Groffman, Peter M., Grove, J. Morgan, Polsky, Colin, Bettez, Neil D., Morse, Jennifer L., Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Hall, Sharon J., Heffernan, James B., Hobbie, Sarah E., Larson, Kelli L., Neill, Christopher, Nelson, Kristen, Ogden, Laura, O'Neil-Dunne, Jarlath, Pataki, Diane E., Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, Locke, Dexter H., Groffman, Peter M., Grove, J. Morgan, Polsky, Colin, Bettez, Neil D., Morse, Jennifer L., Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Hall, Sharon J., Heffernan, James B., Hobbie, Sarah E., Larson, Kelli L., Neill, Christopher, Nelson, Kristen, Ogden, Laura, O'Neil-Dunne, Jarlath, Pataki, Diane E., Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, and Locke, Dexter H.

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Environmental Research Letters 11 (2016): 034004, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/11/3/034004., Residential yards across the US look remarkably similar despite marked variation in climate and soil, yet the drivers of this homogenization are unknown. Telephone surveys of fertilizer and irrigation use and satisfaction with the natural environment, and measurements of inherent water and nitrogen availability in six US cities (Boston, Baltimore, Miami, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Phoenix, Los Angeles) showed that the percentage of people using irrigation at least once in a year was relatively invariant with little difference between the wettest (Miami, 85%) and driest (Phoenix, 89%) cities. The percentage of people using fertilizer at least once in a year also ranged narrowly (52%–71%), while soil nitrogen supply varied by 10x. Residents expressed similar levels of satisfaction with the natural environment in their neighborhoods. The nature and extent of this satisfaction must be understood if environmental managers hope to effect change in the establishment and maintenance of residential ecosystems., We would like to acknowledge the MacroSystems Biology Program, in the Emerging Frontiers Division of the Biological Sciences Directorate at NSF for support. The 'Ecological Homogenization of Urban America' project was supported by a series of collaborative grants from this program (EF-1065548, 1065737, 1065740, 1065741, 1065772, 1065785, 1065831, 121238320). The work arose from research funded by grants from the NSF Long Term Ecological Research Program supporting work in Baltimore (DEB-0423476), Phoenix (BCS-1026865, DEB-0423704 and DEB-9714833), Plum Island (Boston) (OCE-1058747 and 1238212), Cedar Creek (Minneapolis-St. Paul) (DEB-0620652) and Florida Coastal Everglades (Miami) (DBI-0620409).

Published
2016

24. Ecological homogenization of urban USA

Author

Groffman, Peter M., Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Bettez, Neil D., Grove, J. Morgan, Hall, Sharon J., Heffernan, James B., Hobbie, Sarah E., Larson, Kelli L., Morse, Jennifer L., Neill, Christopher, Nelson, Kristen, O'Neil-Dunne, Jarlath, Ogden, Laura, Pataki, Diane E., Polsky, Colin, Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, Steele, Meredith K., Groffman, Peter M., Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Bettez, Neil D., Grove, J. Morgan, Hall, Sharon J., Heffernan, James B., Hobbie, Sarah E., Larson, Kelli L., Morse, Jennifer L., Neill, Christopher, Nelson, Kristen, O'Neil-Dunne, Jarlath, Ogden, Laura, Pataki, Diane E., Polsky, Colin, Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, and Steele, Meredith K.

Abstract

Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2014. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 12 (2014): 74-81, doi:10.1890/120374., A visually apparent but scientifically untested outcome of land-use change is homogenization across urban areas, where neighborhoods in different parts of the country have similar patterns of roads, residential lots, commercial areas, and aquatic features. We hypothesize that this homogenization extends to ecological structure and also to ecosystem functions such as carbon dynamics and microclimate, with continental-scale implications. Further, we suggest that understanding urban homogenization will provide the basis for understanding the impacts of urban land-use change from local to continental scales. Here, we show how multi-scale, multi-disciplinary datasets from six metropolitan areas that cover the major climatic regions of the US (Phoenix, AZ; Miami, FL; Baltimore, MD; Boston, MA; Minneapolis–St Paul, MN; and Los Angeles, CA) can be used to determine how household and neighborhood characteristics correlate with land-management practices, land-cover composition, and landscape structure and ecosystem functions at local, regional, and continental scales., We thank the MacroSystems Biology Program in the Emerging Frontiers Division of the Biological Sciences Directorate at NSF for support. The “Ecological Homogenization of Urban America” project was supported by a series of collaborative grants from this program (EF-1065548, 1065737, 1065740, 1065741, 1065772, 1065785, 1065831, 121238320). The work arose from research funded by grants from the NSF Long Term Ecological Research Program supporting work in Baltimore (DEB-0423476), Phoenix (BCS-1026865, DEB-0423704 and DEB-9714833), Plum Island (Boston) (OCE-1058747 and 1238212), Cedar Creek (Minneapolis–St Paul) (DEB-0620652), and Florida Coastal Everglades (Miami) (DBI-0620409).

Published
2014

26. Assessing the homogenization of urban land management with an application to US residential lawn care

Author

Polsky, Colin, primary, Grove, J. Morgan, additional, Knudson, Chris, additional, Groffman, Peter M., additional, Bettez, Neil, additional, Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, additional, Hall, Sharon J., additional, Heffernan, James B., additional, Hobbie, Sarah E., additional, Larson, Kelli L., additional, Morse, Jennifer L., additional, Neill, Christopher, additional, Nelson, Kristen C., additional, Ogden, Laura A., additional, O’Neil-Dunne, Jarlath, additional, Pataki, Diane E., additional, Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, additional, and Steele, Meredith K., additional

Published
2014
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31. A comparison of the spatial variability of denitrification and related soil properties in restored and natural depression wetlands in Indiana, USA.

Author

Marton, John M., Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, and Craft, Christopher B.

Subjects
*DENITRIFYING bacteria, *DENITRIFICATION, *WETLANDS, *CARBON in soils, *LANDFORMS, *SOIL moisture
Abstract

We characterized and compared the variability and spatial patterns of denitrification and soil properties in two natural and two restored depressional wetlands in northern Indiana, USA. Soil properties included soil moisture content, bulk density, plant-available N (NO3-N, NH4-N), soil organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and C:N ratio. Restored wetlands had greater denitrification and higher spatial variability than natural wetlands. Further, restored wetlands had greater bulk density and C:N ratios. In contrast, natural wetlands had greater soil moisture, plant-available N, organic C, and total N. Similar to denitrification, soil moisture, bulk density, NO3-N, total N, and C:N ratios had greater variance in restored wetlands than in natural wetlands. Denitrification and several soil properties exhibited positive global spatial autocorrelation, though trends differed between the individual wetlands for soil properties. Variogram analysis suggested little spatial structure in variables at the chosen observational scale. Denitrification hot spots were detected in natural and restored wetlands, though these hot spots did not correspond to hot spots of any of the other soil variables. Overall, spatial patterns of denitrification and soil properties differed between natural and restored wetlands and should be considered when assessing effectiveness of restored wetlands at providing ecosystem services, such as N removal and C storage. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2015
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