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The compilation of a database of 225 strain/stress tensors (accounting for ~ 4000 fault-striae data pairs) combined with evidence of syntectonic strata, and a seismotectonic appraisal along the Patagonian Andes (39°-50° S; South America), leads us to assess typical features of Mesozoic to current faulting in this segment of the Andean orogen. At the orogen scale, the fault-slip and focal mechanism database show the prevalence of strike-slip faulting, challenging the classic proposal for the Andean orogen of alternating extensional and contractional deformation phases. However, the wrenching tectonism in Cenozoic times may be explained through a strain partitioning model in the North Patagonian Andes by re-activating a large-scale, inherited anisotropy within the basement (namely the Liquiñe-Ofqui fault system), which is currently the locus of significant seismicity. On the other hand, a non-partitioned context allows explaining the Cenozoic patterns of brittle deformation the South Patagonian Andes. Our results highlight that the classifications of Andean-type orogens should integrate both inherited anisotropies and the heterogeneous distribution of strain across the upper plate in order to address complex patterns of deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Médecine is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal de Pharmacie Clinique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: Les missions des pharmaciens hospitaliers évoluent : des activités logistiques et de production vers des activités cliniques aussi appelées soins pharmaceutiques (SP) à plus forte valeur ajoutée pour le patient. Dans notre hôpital, plusieurs types de SP ont été développés. Ces activités augmentent et de nouveaux besoins apparaissent. Parallèlement, nous avons constaté un cloisonnement et une hétérogénéité dans leur réalisation. La réorganisation de ces activités s'est imposée pour harmoniser, travailler en équipe et pérenniser ces activités. Une approche processus de type lean , collaborative, a été employée sur quatre mois. Deux cartographies ont été établies et des mesures ont été réalisées : volume, durée de ces activités et ressources humaines disponibles. Les processus ont été analysés (hétérogénéités, irritants et gaspillages) conduisant à des axes d'améliorations regroupés par affinités à l'aide d'une matrice. Un modèle de réorganisation a été proposé, affiné, puis mis en place et mesuré à l'aide d'indicateurs. L'organisation journalière des SP a été formalisée. Une mise en commun et un décloisonnement des ressources ont été associés à la création d'un poste tournant (à moyen constant) dédié à la coordination des SP. Une continuité des SP a été instaurée à l'aide de deux types de plannings associés avec des outils de managements visuels. Une grille de compétence des SP a été élaborée pour maintenir et développer les compétences de l'équipe. Les SP ont été réorganisés et harmonisés dans leur globalité de façon collaborative pour assurer une continuité du service rendu pour le patient. L'enjeu est d'assurer des soins pharmaceutiques durables afin de démontrer la plus-value pharmaceutique pour le patient à long terme. Une remise en question continue des processus et des organisations demeure fondamentale et la méthode choisie est, nous le pensons, particulièrement adaptée à ces enjeux. The activities of hospital pharmacists are evolving from production centered activities to patient oriented activities called pharmaceutical care (PC) with higher added value for patients. In our hospital, several activities of PC have been implemented in the last ten years. These activities are growing, and new needs are continuously emerging. At the same time, we noticed a partitioning and an heterogeneity in their daily realization. The reorganization of these activities became essential to harmonize, decompartmentalize and sustain these activities. A collaborative process oriented approach was used over four months. Two process maps were established, and measurements of volume, duration of these activities and human resources available were collected. The processes were analyzed (heterogeneities, irritants and wastes) leading to different categories of improvements using an affinity matrix. A reorganization was proposed, refined with the pharmaceutical team and then implemented and measured using performance indicators. The daily organization of the PC has been formalized. Pooling and decompartmentalization of resources have been associated with the creation of a rotating position (with constant resources): a pharmaceutical facilitator in charge of the daily coordination of the PC activities. PC continuity has been established using two types of schedules: advance macro planning and day-to-day planning with visual management tools. An PC competency grid has been developed to maintain and develop the skills of the team. The PC have been fully reorganized in a collaborative way. These activities, being harmonized, rely on a learning organization to ensure continuity of care to the patient. The challenge is to ensure sustainable pharmaceutical care to demonstrate long-term pharmaceutical value-added for the patient. A constant review of the PC processes is essential for the latter and our work suggests that the lean method is adapted to do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across the extreme south of Patagonia, the Magallanes‐Fagnano Fault (MFF) accommodates the left‐lateral relative motion between South America and Scotia plates. In this paper, we present an updated view of the geometry of the eastern portion of the MFF outcropping in Tierra del Fuego. We subdivide the MFF in eight segments on the basis of their deformation styles, using field mapping and interpretation of high‐resolution imagery. We quantify coseismic ruptures of the strongest recorded 1949, Mw7.5 earthquake, and determine its eastern termination. We recognize several co‐seismic offsets in man‐made features showing a sinistral shift up to 6.5 m, greater than previously estimated. Using 10Be cosmogenic nuclides depth profiles, we date a cumulated offset in post‐glacial morphologies and estimate the long‐term slip rate of the eastern MFF. We quantify a 6.4 ± 0.9 mm/a left‐lateral fault slip rate, which overlaps geodetic velocity and suggests stable fault behaviour since Pleistocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal de Pharmacie Clinique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal de Pharmacie Clinique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction exacerbate acute kidney injury (AKI), but their role in any associated progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. Antioxidant therapies often benefit AKI, but their benefits in CKD are controversial since clinical and preclinical investigations often conflict. Here we examined the influence of the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) on oxidative stress and mitochondrial function during AKI (20-min bilateral renal ischemia plus reperfusion/IR) and progression to chronic kidney pathologies in mice. NAC (5% in diet) was given to mice 7 days prior and up to 21 days post-IR (21d-IR). NAC treatment resulted in the following: prevented proximal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis at early IR (40-min postischemia), yet enhanced interstitial cell proliferation at 21d-IR; increased transforming growth factor-β1 expression independent of IR time; and significantly dampened nuclear factor-like 2-initiated cytoprotective signaling at early IR. In the long term, NAC enhanced cellular metabolic impairment demonstrated by increased peroxisome proliferator activator-γ serine-112 phosphorylation at 21d-IR. Intravital multiphoton microscopy revealed increased endogenous fluorescence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in cortical tubular epithelial cells during ischemia, and at 21d-IR that was not attenuated with NAC. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy demonstrated persistent metabolic impairment by increased free/bound NADH in the cortex at 21d-IR that was enhanced by NAC. Increased mitochondrial dysfunction in remnant tubular cells was demonstrated at 21d-IR by tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester fluorimetry. In summary, NAC enhanced progression to CKD following AKI not only by dampening endogenous cellular antioxidant responses at time of injury but also by enhancing persistent kidney mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]