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The article focuses on the impact of hypertension on neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of rats and explores the potential protective effects of antioxidant and cholinergic cognitive-enhancing compounds, specifically CDP-Choline (CDP) and (+)-thioctic acid (TIO), on countering gliosis.

The article focuses on investigating the effects of choline alphoscerate (α-GPC) and thioctic acid (+)-TIO on neuroinflammation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells, demonstrating that α-GPC attenuates LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses.

The article presents a study on choline alphoscerate and thioctic acid activity on brain injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Topics include information on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR); model of hypertension and vascular brain injury; and information on brain vascular disorders of hypertensive individuals.

The article presents a study on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of tart cherry supplementation. Topics include information on cardiovascular changes in dietary-induced obese rats; how obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases related to inflammation and oxidative stress; and oxidative stress assessed by investigating protein oxidation and 4-hydroxynonenal expression in heart.

Hypertension represents a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases [1]. Increasing evidence attributed the main role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular damage, promoting endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling, and inflammation. Excess bioavailability of reactive oxygen species (ROS), often is accompanied by structural mitochondria abnormalities in the cardiomyocyte [2,3]. The most effective treatment in the management of hypertension seems to be the administration of anti-hypertensive drugs with antioxidant properties [4]. Thioctic acid (TIO) is an antioxidant existing in nature and expressed in two optical isomers. The dextrorotatory form is the naturally occurring eutomer, whereas the most used formulation of the compound in clinical practice is the mixture of (+) and (-) enantiomers. Previously, we demonstrated that TIO-(+) is one of the more appropriate antioxidant molecules to prevent cardiac and renal alterations associated with hypertension [5]. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of treatment with TIO-(+) on the heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), using immunochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. 125 mmol/Kg/day of TIO-(+) was administered intraperitoneally in 24-weeksold SHR. Hypertensive rats were compared to age-matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. Blood pressure values were significantly decreased in treated SHR compared to the control one. This is probably related to the effects at the levels of the endothelial vessels that determine vasodilation. Left ventricular cardiomyocytes' hypertrophy deposition of reticulin, collagen fibers, proteins, and nucleic acid oxidation accompanied by an increased expression of interleukins, such as IL-1 beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were found in SHR. These alterations were reduced in TIO-(+) treated animals. The effects observed after treatment with TIO- (+) nominate this molecule as one of the more appropriate antioxidants to prevent heart injury associated with hypertension, opening the opportunity to further evaluations in clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article informs that chronic brain vascular injury is a severe risk factor of cerebral dysfunction and brain hypoperfusion and white matter lesions correlate with the development of cognitive impairment leading to Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia. It is noted that hypertension induced cerebrovascular alterations are due to increased production of reactive oxygen species and cholinergic pathways impairment.

The article discusses a study conducted conducted as part of a project aimed to assess the effects of tart cherries on a commonly used rat model of diet-induced obesity. It is noted that additional immunochemical investigations indicated that tart cherry supplementation would attenuate the obesity-induced profile of both inflammatory markers and Glucose-Regulated Protein 94 protein.