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Context: The genus Sehima is an important component of grasslands worldwide and is the dominant grass of Sehima–Dichanthium grasslands of India. It is an excellent fodder and a good source of lignocellulosic material and several industrially important biomolecules. Aims: We aimed to characterise and conserve locally adapted diverse germplasm of S. nervosum , collected from different agro-climatic zones, for effective utilisation. Methods: Morphological and nutritive traits were measured and statistically analysed for diversity in a germplasm collection of S. nervosum genotypes from diverse agro-climatic conditions of India, and a representative core subset was created. Key results: Morphological traits and nutritive parameters such as crude protein content and digestibility showed wide variability among accessions. Principal component analysis established that plant height, number of tillers per tussock and number of nodes per tiller accounted for half of the variation present. Tiller internode length, stem diameter, and leaf blade length and width also contributed >5 unit points each to the cumulative proportion of variance accounted for. Conclusions: The set of germplasm, possessing substantial variability, is a valuable genetic resource for developing new cultivars. Genotypes identified with high protein content could be used as forage, and those with high cellulose and hemicelluloses as a biofuel resource. Implications: Genotypes can be separately identified for forage and biofuel, and the core subset can effectively be used for evaluation and selection of genotypes in target environments. Additionally, the core subset can be used to establish and rejuvenate sustainable pastures by allowing natural selection. There is urgent need to characterise and conserve genetic diversity of grassland species affected by changes in land-use pattern, overexploitation and climate change. This study revealed high genetic diversity for morphological and nutritive parameters among genotypes of Sehima nervosum , an important grassland species. The set of germplasm is a valuable genetic resource and the core subset can be used for evaluation in target environments and establishment of sustainable pastures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type I IFNs are unusually pleiotropic cytokines that bind to a single heterodimeric receptor and have potent antiviral, antiproliferative, and immune modulatory activities. The diverse effects of the type I IFNs are of differential therapeutic importance; in cancer therapy, an enhanced antiproliferative effect may be beneficial, whereas in the therapy of viral infections (such as hepatitis B and hepatitis C), the antiproliferative effects lead to dose limiting bone marrow suppression. Studies have shown that various members of the natural IFN-[alpha] family and engineered variants, such as IFN-con1, vary in the ratios between various IFN-mediated cellular activities. We used DNA shuffling to explore and confirm the hypothesis that one could simultaneously increase the antiviral and Th1-inducing activity and decrease the antiproliferative activity. We report IFN-[alpha] hybrids wherein the ratio of antivirahantiproliferative and Th1-inducing: antiproliferative potencies are markedly increased with respsect to IFN-con1 (75- and 80-fold, respectively). A four-residue motif that overlaps with the IFNAR1 binding site and is derived by cross breeding with a pseudogene contributes significantly to this phenotype. These IFN-[alpha]s have an activity profile that may result in an improved therapeutic index and, consequently, better clinical efficacy for the treatment of chronic viral diseases such as hepatitis B virus, human papilloma virus, HIV, or chronic hepatitis C. evolved | Hepatitis C

Religion and well-being have been intertwined since the beginning of civilization. Religion is associated with human thought, thought, creation of human civilization, the culture of civilization, improvement of the environment, and world peace. India is the lifeblood of religion and many rivers, trees, hills, animals, etc. are being preserved around this religion. The nourishing of the religion is based on the three sacred samples selected temple of South Bengal. It is clearly observed the trees and ponds are conserving for example in Kankalitala sacred temple area, the sacred pond and five sacred Banyan trees are conserving. In Ghagarburi sacred temple area mainly two people's trees are conserved for more than the last 1000 years. In Kankalitala sacred temple area more than fifteen business shops are doing their business based on the selling of Dhupkathi, Fruits, Sindur, Garland, Coconuts, Sacred trees, Religion yarn, Sweets, Soft toys, Photo frames, Ektaras, Dugdugi, The photo frame of many God-Goddess, Handicraft of Rabindranath Thakur, etc. apart from that some people are doing their jobs based on Car parking, Worshiping, Begging, Shopkeeping, Selling the rural handicraft things, etc. Beggars are earning during the time of festivals here. Again in Ghagarburi temple area, there are some shops like, Dhupkathi, Fruits, Sindur, Garland, Coconuts, Sacred trees, Religion yarn, Sweets, Soft toys, Photo frames, Ektaras, Dugdugi, The photo frame of many God-Goddess, Handcraft things of selling religions items are found and some Fooding hotel, Tea stalls are getting economic profit through the presents of religion culture. There are some infrastructural like, Construction of Roads, Tubal, Water tank, Dharmasala, Car parking area, Hotel, Toilet, Lodges, etc. have developed in Kankalitola sacred religion area, Ghagarburi temple, Shri Shri Baba Manikeshwar temple. But bloody sacrifice is still presented in these three case studies areas namely; Ghagarburi temple, Shri Shri Baba Manikeshwar temple. The Nunia River at the Site of Ghagarburi temple is completely polluted due to the urban sewage of Asansol and the waste items of Ghagarburi temple. The Damodar River at the site of Shri Shri Baba Manikeshwar temple is found as an open defecation area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]