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2. Control of yeast retrotransposons mediated through nucleoporin evolution.

Author

Rowley, Paul A, Patterson, Kurt, Sandmeyer, Suzanne B, and Sawyer, Sara L

Subjects
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, DNA, Fungal, Retroelements, Mutagenesis, Insertional, Evolution, Molecular, Phylogeny, Genome, Fungal, Genetic Variation, Selection, Genetic, Developmental Biology, Genetics
Abstract

Yeasts serve as hosts to several types of genetic parasites. Few studies have addressed the evolutionary trajectory of yeast genes that control the stable co-existence of these parasites with their host cell. In Saccharomyces yeasts, the retrovirus-like Ty retrotransposons must access the nucleus. We show that several genes encoding components of the yeast nuclear pore complex have experienced natural selection for substitutions that change the encoded protein sequence. By replacing these S. cerevisiae genes with orthologs from other Saccharomyces species, we discovered that natural sequence changes have affected the mobility of Ty retrotransposons. Specifically, changing the genetic sequence of NUP84 or NUP82 to match that of other Saccharomyces species alters the mobility of S. cerevisiae Ty1 and Ty3. Importantly, all tested housekeeping functions of NUP84 and NUP82 remained equivalent across species. Signatures of natural selection, resulting in altered interactions with viruses and parasitic genetic elements, are common in host defense proteins. Yet, few instances have been documented in essential housekeeping proteins. The nuclear pore complex is the gatekeeper of the nucleus. This study shows how the evolution of this large, ubiquitous eukaryotic complex can alter the replication of a molecular parasite, but concurrently maintain essential host functionalities regarding nucleocytoplasmic trafficking.

Published
2018

19. The medical threat of mamba envenoming in sub-Saharan Africa revealed by genus-wide analysis of venom composition, toxicity and antivenomics profiling of available antivenoms

Author

Ainsworth, Stuart, Petras, Daniel, Engmark, Mikael, Süssmuth, Roderich D., Whiteley, Gareth, Albulescu, Laura-Oana, Kazandjian, Taline D., Wagstaff, Simon C., Rowley, Paul, Wüster, Wolfgang, Dorrestein, Pieter C., Arias, Ana Silvia, Gutiérrez, José M., Harrison, Robert A., Casewell, Nicholas R., and Calvete, Juan J.

Published
2018
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20. The mutational analysis of C31 integrase

Author

Rowley, Paul Andrew

Subjects
579.2
Abstract

The integrase protein from the bacteriophage ~C31 is a member of the large serine recombinase family. Purified ~C31 integrase has been shown to only catalyse site-specific recombination between the DNA sites attB and attP in vitro. Mutagenesis of the protein enabled the identification of mutants defective in recombination and some which were 'hyperactive'. Hyperactivity was defined as the ability of a mutant integrase to recombine the products of integration (attL x attR) and reform attB and attP. The primary block on this type of recombination has been shown previously to be an inability to form a stable synapse between ~C31 integrase and attL x attR. This block was noticeably absent for the hyperactive mutant E449K and synaptic complexes were detected between attL and attR. Hyperactive mutations all localised to an area of the extended C-terminus that was predicted to form a canonical coiled-coil structure. Investigation of this coiled-~oil region as a two-helix fusion protein strongly suggested that it was capable of protein-protein interactions. Defective mutations within the N-terminal domain of ~C31 integrase were positioned close to mutations known to be important in resolvase and invertase recombination. Characterisation of the mutation V129A revealed that it was destabilising synapsis and thus inferred that the N-terminus of integrase was capable of influencing synapsis. This study has therefore identified two distinct regions of integrase that playa role in the synapsis of ~C31 integrase during recombination.

Published
2007

21. Novel viruses of the family Partitiviridae discovered in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Author

Taggart, Nathan T., primary, Crabtree, Angela M., additional, Creagh, Jack W., additional, Bizarria, Rodolfo, additional, Li, Shunji, additional, de la Higuera, Ignacio, additional, Barnes, Jonathan E., additional, Shipley, Mason A., additional, Boyer, Josephine M., additional, Stedman, Kenneth M., additional, Ytreberg, F. Marty, additional, and Rowley, Paul A., additional

Published
2023
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22. Differential procoagulant effects of saw-scaled viper (Serpentes: Viperidae: Echis) snake venoms on human plasma and the narrow taxonomic ranges of antivenom efficacies

Author

Rogalski, Aymeric, Soerensen, Christoffer, op den Brouw, Bianca, Lister, Callum, Dashevsky, Daniel, Arbuckle, Kevin, Gloria, Alexandra, Zdenek, Christina N., Casewell, Nicholas R., Gutiérrez, José María, Wüster, Wolfgang, Ali, Syed A., Masci, Paul, Rowley, Paul, Frank, Nathaniel, and Fry, Bryan G.

Published
2017
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31. Defining the HIV Capsid Binding Site of Nucleoporin 153

Author

Li, Shunji, primary, Patel, Jagdish Suresh, additional, Yang, Jordan, additional, Crabtree, Angela Marie, additional, Rubenstein, Brenda Marilyn, additional, Lund-Andersen, Peik Karl, additional, Ytreberg, Frederick Marty, additional, and Rowley, Paul Andrew, additional

Published
2022
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33. Physiological constraints dictate toxin spatial heterogeneity in snake venom glands

Author

Kazandjian, Taline D, Hamilton, Brett R, Robinson, Samuel D, Hall, Steven R, Bartlett, Keirah E, Rowley, Paul, Wilkinson, Mark C, Casewell, Nicholas R, Undheim, Eivind A B, Kazandjian, Taline D, Hamilton, Brett R, Robinson, Samuel D, Hall, Steven R, Bartlett, Keirah E, Rowley, Paul, Wilkinson, Mark C, Casewell, Nicholas R, and Undheim, Eivind A B

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Venoms are ecological innovations that have evolved numerous times, on each occasion accompanied by the co-evolution of specialised morphological and behavioural characters for venom production and delivery. The close evolutionary interdependence between these characters is exemplified by animals that control the composition of their secreted venom. This ability depends in part on the production of different toxins in different locations of the venom gland, which was recently documented in venomous snakes. Here, we test the hypothesis that the distinct spatial distributions of toxins in snake venom glands are an adaptation that enables the secretion of venoms with distinct ecological functions. RESULTS: We show that the main defensive and predatory peptide toxins are produced in distinct regions of the venom glands of the black-necked spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis), but these distributions likely reflect developmental effects. Indeed, we detected no significant differences in venom collected via defensive 'spitting' or predatory 'biting' events from the same specimens representing multiple lineages of spitting cobra. We also found the same spatial distribution of toxins in a non-spitting cobra and show that heterogeneous toxin distribution is a feature shared with a viper with primarily predatory venom. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that heterogeneous distributions of toxins are not an adaptation to controlling venom composition in snakes. Instead, it likely reflects physiological constraints on toxin production by the venom glands, opening avenues for future research on the mechanisms of functional differentiation of populations of protein-secreting cells within adaptive contexts.

Published
2022

36. Additional file 1 of Physiological constraints dictate toxin spatial heterogeneity in snake venom glands

Author

Kazandjian, Taline D., Hamilton, Brett R., Robinson, Samuel D., Hall, Steven R., Bartlett, Keirah E., Rowley, Paul, Wilkinson, Mark C., Casewell, Nicholas R., and Undheim, Eivind A. B.

Subjects
complex mixtures
Abstract

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Normalised across-tissue averaged spectrum across the full acquired range of m/z. Fig. S2. The experimental setup for collecting spat venom. Fig. S3. A summary of the weight of spat and milked venom collected from the spitting cobras used in this study. Fig. S4. Profiles of spat and milked venoms measured via cation exchange chromatography and RP-HPLC. Fig. S5. Coagulation profiles of spitting cobra venoms on citrated bovine plasma. Fig. S6. Cell viability assays. Fig. S7. Enzymatic phospholipase assay absorbance curves. Fig. S8. Snake venom metalloproteinase assay fluorescence curves. Fig. S9. PLA2 is evenly distributed through the length of the venom gland of N. nigricollis. Table S1. Three finger toxins identified by mass spectrometry imaging. Table S2. Spatial correlation and genetic distances of three finger toxins identified by mass spectrometry imaging of N. nigricollis venom gland.

Published
2022
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37. Pentagon Releases Inflation Guidance to Industry

Author

Freling, Scott A., Rowley, Paul, and Sherwood, Evan R.

Subjects
Government contractors -- Economic aspects, Defense industry -- Economic aspects, Inflation (Finance) -- Economic aspects, Defense industry, Aerospace and defense industries, Business
Abstract

In response to industry-wide questions about price adjustments for inflation, the Defense Department released guidance May 25 about when and how contracting officers may provide financial relief to defense contractors [...]

Published
2022

47. 2020-12 - The potential of implementing renewable energy in power distribution and agriculture on achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): A baseline study of Northern Nigeria

Author

Muhammad. H Yadudu, Rowley, Paul, and Blanchard, Richard

Subjects
FOS: Social and economic geography, FOS: Other engineering and technologies, 120505 Regional Analysis and Development, 129999 Built Environment and Design not elsewhere classified, 120404 Engineering Systems Design, health care economics and organizations, FOS: Civil engineering
Abstract

This presentation has reported a study that investigated ways to improve payments, electricity access and agricultural livelihoods in a Nigerian state. Results showed very strong correlation between energy via renewable means with average income, level of education, average savings and carbon emissions.

Published
2021
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48. Communication 11: Impact of Implementing Renewable Energy in Power Distribution and Agriculture on Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Africa: Case Study of Northern Nigeria

Author

Muhammad. H Yadudu, Rowley, Paul, and Blanchard, Richard

Subjects
FOS: Social and economic geography, FOS: Other engineering and technologies, 129999 Built Environment and Design not elsewhere classified, 120404 Engineering Systems Design, 120507 Urban Analysis and Development, FOS: Civil engineering
Abstract

Agriculture in Africa has a massive social and economic footprint. More than 80 percent of the population of sub-Saharan Africa is smallholder farmers, and about 23 percent of sub-Saharan Africa's GDP comes from agriculture. Yet, Africa's full agricultural potential remains untapped due to some limitations and inefficiencies.The research was conducted in Kano, a city in Northern Nigeria. The study considered the effects of implementing renewable energy with respect to power distribution companies in direct relation to SDG goals number: 1, 2, 7, 8, 11, and 13. As part of the research, a survey of 214 households was undertaken. Data was collected via questionnaires, focus group discussions and stakeholder interviews. With the data collected having a Cronbach’s Alpha score of 0.72, a bivariate analysis was conducted using Spearman’s rho correlation analysis to understand the impact of energy via renewable means on the average income of households, level of education, average savings, and carbon emissions. All this was examined from the power distribution point of view. Results showed very strong correlation between energy via renewable means with average income, level of education, average savings and carbon emissions. The rho values were 0.617, 0.514, 0.534 and 0.612 respectively. With such rho values, the study indicated that RE will support agriculture and SDGs.

Published
2021
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