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1. Vaccine Effectiveness Against SARS-CoV-2 Related Hospitalizations in People who had Experienced Homelessness or Incarceration – Findings from the Minnesota EHR Consortium

Author

DeSilva, Malini B., Knowlton, Gregory, Rai, Nayanjot K., Bodurtha, Peter, Essien, Inih, Riddles, John, Mehari, Lemlem, Muscoplat, Miriam, Lynfield, Ruth, Rowley, Elizabeth AK, Chamberlain, Alanna M., Patel, Palak, Hughes, Alexandria, Dickerson, Monica, Thompson, Mark G., Griggs, Eric P., Tenforde, Mark, Winkelman, Tyler NA, Benitez, Gabriela Vazquez, and Drawz, Paul E.

Published
2024
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2. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine effectiveness against RSV-associated hospitalisations and emergency department encounters among adults aged 60 years and older in the USA, October, 2023, to March, 2024: a test-negative design analysis

Author

Payne, Amanda B, Watts, Janet A, Mitchell, Patrick K, Dascomb, Kristin, Irving, Stephanie A, Klein, Nicola P, Grannis, Shaun J, Ong, Toan C, Ball, Sarah W, DeSilva, Malini B, Natarajan, Karthik, Sheffield, Tamara, Bride, Daniel, Arndorfer, Julie, Naleway, Allison L, Koppolu, Padma, Fireman, Bruce, Zerbo, Ousseny, Timbol, Julius, Goddard, Kristin, Dixon, Brian E, Fadel, William F, Rogerson, Colin, Allen, Katie S, Rao, Suchitra, Mayer, David, Barron, Michelle, Reese, Sarah E, Rowley, Elizabeth A K, Najdowski, Morgan, Ciesla, Allison Avrich, Mak, Josephine, Reeves, Emily L, Akinsete, Omobosola O, McEvoy, Charlene E, Essien, Inih J, Tenforde, Mark W, Fleming-Dutra, Katherine E, and Link-Gelles, Ruth

Published
2024
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3. Number needed to vaccinate with a COVID-19 booster to prevent a COVID-19-associated hospitalization during SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant predominance, December 2021–February 2022, VISION Network: a retrospective cohort study

Author

Adams, Katherine, Riddles, John J., Rowley, Elizabeth A.K., Grannis, Shaun J., Gaglani, Manjusha, Fireman, Bruce, Hartmann, Emily, Naleway, Allison L., Stenehjem, Edward, Hughes, Alexandria, Dalton, Alexandra F., Natarajan, Karthik, Dascomb, Kristin, Raiyani, Chandni, Irving, Stephanie A., Sloan-Aagard, Chantel, Kharbanda, Anupam B., DeSilva, Malini B., Dixon, Brian E., Ong, Toan C., Keller, Jean, Dickerson, Monica, Grisel, Nancy, Murthy, Kempapura, Nanez, Juan, Fadel, William F., Ball, Sarah W., Patel, Palak, Arndorfer, Julie, Mamawala, Mufaddal, Valvi, Nimish R., Dunne, Margaret M., Griggs, Eric P., Embi, Peter J., Thompson, Mark G., Link-Gelles, Ruth, and Tenforde, Mark W.

Published
2023
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4. Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 Among Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19–Like Illness with Infection-Induced or mRNA Vaccine-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Immunity — Nine States, January–September 2021

Author

Bozio, Catherine H., Grannis, Shaun J., Naleway, Allison L., Ong, Toan C., Butterfield, Kristen A., DeSilva, Malini B., Natarajan, Karthik, Yang, Duck-Hye, Rao, Suchitra, Klein, Nicola P., Irving, Stephanie A., Dixon, Brian E., Dascomb, Kristin, Liao, I-Chia, Reynolds, Sue, McEvoy, Charlene, Han, Jungmi, Reese, Sarah E., Lewis, Ned, Fadel, William F., Grisel, Nancy, Murthy, Kempapura, Ferdinands, Jill, Kharbanda, Anupam B., Mitchell, Patrick K., Goddard, Kristin, Embi, Peter J., Arndorfer, Julie, Raiyani, Chandni, Patel, Palak, Rowley, Elizabeth A., Fireman, Bruce, Valvi, Nimish R., Griggs, Eric P., Levy, Matthew E., Zerbo, Ousseny, Porter, Rachael M., Birch, Rebecca J., Blanton, Lenee, Ball, Sarah W., Steffens, Andrea, Olson, Natalie, Williams, Jeremiah, Dickerson, Monica, McMorrow, Meredith, Schrag, Stephanie J., Verani, Jennifer R., Fry, Alicia M., Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, Barron, Michelle, Gaglani, Manjusha, Thompson, Mark G., and Stenehjem, Edward

Published
2021

5. Effectiveness of 2-Dose Vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Against COVID-19–Associated Hospitalizations Among Immunocompromised Adults — Nine States, January–September 2021

Author

Embi, Peter J., Levy, Matthew E., Naleway, Allison L., Patel, Palak, Gaglani, Manjusha, Natarajan, Karthik, Dascomb, Kristin, Ong, Toan C., Klein, Nicola P., Liao, I-Chia, Grannis, Shaun J., Han, Jungmi, Stenehjem, Edward, Dunne, Margaret M., Lewis, Ned, Irving, Stephanie A., Rao, Suchitra, McEvoy, Charlene, Bozio, Catherine H., Murthy, Kempapura, Dixon, Brian E., Grisel, Nancy, Yang, Duck-Hye, Goddard, Kristin, Kharbanda, Anupam B., Reynolds, Sue, Raiyani, Chandni, Fadel, William F., Arndorfer, Julie, Rowley, Elizabeth A., Fireman, Bruce, Ferdinands, Jill, Valvi, Nimish R., Ball, Sarah W., Zerbo, Ousseny, Griggs, Eric P., Mitchell, Patrick K., Porter, Rachael M., Kiduko, Salome A., Blanton, Lenee, Zhuang, Yan, Steffens, Andrea, Reese, Sarah E., Olson, Natalie, Williams, Jeremiah, Dickerson, Monica, McMorrow, Meredith, Schrag, Stephanie J., Verani, Jennifer R., Fry, Alicia M., Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, Barron, Michelle A., Thompson, Mark G., and DeSilva, Malini B.

Published
2021

7. Interim Effectiveness of Updated 2023-2024 (Monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 Vaccines Against COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Among Adults Aged [greater than or equal to]18 Years with Immunocompromising Conditions--VISION Network, September 2023-February 2024

Author

Link-Gelles, Ruth, Rowley, Elizabeth A.K., DeSilva, Malini B., Dascomb, Kristin, Irving, Stephanie A., Klein, Nicola P., Grannis, Shaun J., Ong, Toan C., Weber, Zachary A., Fleming-Dutra, Katherine E., McEvoy, Charlene E., Akinsete, Omobosola, Bride, Daniel, Sheffield, Tamara, Naleway, Allison L., Zerbo, Ousseny, Fireman, Bruce, Hansen, John, Goddard, Kristin, Dixon, Brian E., Rogerson, Colin, Fadel, William F., Duszynski, Thomas, Rao, Suchitra, Barron, Michelle A., Reese, Sarah E., Ball, Sarah W., Dunne, Margaret M., Natarajan, Karthik, Okwuazi, Erica, Shah, Ami B., Wiegand, Ryan, Tenforde, Mark W., and Payne, Amanda B.

Subjects
Vaccination, Adults, Vaccines, Health
Abstract

Introduction On September 12, 2023, CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended updated 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccination with a monovalent XBB.1.5--derived vaccine for all persons aged [greater than or equal to]6 [...]

Published
2024

8. Interim Effectiveness of Updated 2023-2024 (Monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 Vaccines Against COVID-19-Associated Emergency Department and Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalization Among Immunocompetent Adults Aged [greater than or equal to]18 Years--VISION and IVY Networks, September 2023- January 2024

Author

DeCuir, Jennifer, Payne, Amanda B., Self, Wesley H., Rowley, Elizabeth A.K., Dascomb, Kristin, DeSilva, Malini B., Irving, Stephanie A., Grannis, Shaun J., Ong, Toan C., Klein, Nicola P., Weber, Zachary A., Reese, Sarah E., Ball, Sarah W., Barron, Michelle A., Naleway, Allison L., Dixon, Brian E., Essien, Inih, Bride, Daniel, Natarajan, Karthik, Fireman, Bruce, Shah, Ami B., Okwuazi, Erica, Wiegand, Ryan, Zhu, Yuwei, Lauring, Adam S., Martin, Emily T., Gaglani, Manjusha, Peltan, Ithan D., Brown, Samuel M., Ginde, Adit A., Mohr, Nicholas M., Gibbs, Kevin W., Hager, David N., Prekker, Matthew, Mohamed, Amira, Srinivasan, Vasisht, Steingrub, Jay S., Khan, Akram, Busse, Laurence W., Duggal, Abhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G., Chang, Steven Y., Mallow, Christopher, Kwon, Jennie H., Exline, Matthew C., Columbus, Cristie, Vaughn, Ivana A., Safdar, Basmah, Mosier, Jarrod M., Harris, Estelle S., Casey, Jonathan D., Chappell, James D., Grijalva, Carlos G., Swan, Sydney A., Johnson, Cassandra, Lewis, Nathaniel M., Ellington, Sascha, Adams, Katherine, Tenforde, Mark W., Paden, Clinton R., Dawood, Fatimah S., Fleming-Dutra, Katherine E., Surie, Diya, and Link-Gelles, Ruth

Subjects
Vaccination, Medical research, Medicine, Experimental, Hospitals -- Emergency service, Emergency medicine, Adults, Vaccines, Health, Vanderbilt University. Medical Center
Abstract

Introduction On September 12, 2023, CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended updated 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccination with a monovalent XBB.1.5--derived vaccine for all persons aged [greater than or equal to]6 [...]

Published
2024

9. Effectiveness of two-dose vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against COVID-19–associated hospitalizations among immunocompromised adults—Nine States, January–September 2021

Author

Embi, Peter J., Levy, Matthew E., Naleway, Allison L., Patel, Palak, Gaglani, Manjusha, Natarajan, Karthik, Dascomb, Kristin, Ong, Toan C., Klein, Nicola P., Liao, I-Chia, Grannis, Shaun J., Han, Jungmi, Stenehjem, Edward, Dunne, Margaret M., Lewis, Ned, Irving, Stephanie A., Rao, Suchitra, McEvoy, Charlene, Bozio, Catherine H., Murthy, Kempapura, Dixon, Brian E., Grisel, Nancy, Yang, Duck-Hye, Goddard, Kristin, Kharbanda, Anupam B., Reynolds, Sue, Raiyani, Chandni, Fadel, William F., Arndorfer, Julie, Rowley, Elizabeth A., Fireman, Bruce, Ferdinands, Jill, Valvi, Nimish R., Ball, Sarah W., Zerbo, Ousseny, Griggs, Eric P., Mitchell, Patrick K., Porter, Rachael M., Kiduko, Salome A., Blanton, Lenee, Zhuang, Yan, Steffens, Andrea, Reese, Sarah E., Olson, Natalie, Williams, Jeremiah, Dickerson, Monica, McMorrow, Meredith, Schrag, Stephanie J., Verani, Jennifer R., Fry, Alicia M., Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, Barron, Michelle A., Thompson, Mark G., and DeSilva, Malini B.

Published
2022
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10. Interim Effectiveness of Updated 2023–2024 (Monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 Vaccines Against COVID-19–Associated Hospitalization Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years with Immunocompromising Conditions — VISION Network, September 2023–February 2024

Author

Link-Gelles, Ruth, primary, Rowley, Elizabeth A.K., additional, DeSilva, Malini B., additional, Dascomb, Kristin, additional, Irving, Stephanie A., additional, Klein, Nicola P., additional, Grannis, Shaun J., additional, Ong, Toan C., additional, Weber, Zachary A., additional, Fleming-Dutra, Katherine E., additional, McEvoy, Charlene E., additional, Akinsete, Omobosola, additional, Bride, Daniel, additional, Sheffield, Tamara, additional, Naleway, Allison L., additional, Zerbo, Ousseny, additional, Fireman, Bruce, additional, Hansen, John, additional, Goddard, Kristin, additional, Dixon, Brian E., additional, Rogerson, Colin, additional, Fadel, William F., additional, Duszynski, Thomas, additional, Rao, Suchitra, additional, Barron, Michelle A., additional, Reese, Sarah E., additional, Ball, Sarah W., additional, Dunne, Margaret M., additional, Natarajan, Karthik, additional, Okwuazi, Erica, additional, Shah, Ami B., additional, Wiegand, Ryan, additional, Tenforde, Mark W., additional, and Payne, Amanda B., additional

Published
2024
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11. Vaccine Effectiveness Against SARS-CoV-2 Related Hospitalizations in People who had Experienced Homelessness or Incarceration – Findings from the Minnesota EHR Consortium

Author

DeSilva, Malini B., primary, Knowlton, Gregory, additional, Rai, Nayanjot K., additional, Bodurtha, Peter, additional, Essien, Inih, additional, Riddles, John, additional, Mehari, Lemlem, additional, Muscoplat, Miriam, additional, Lynfield, Ruth, additional, Rowley, Elizabeth AK, additional, Chamberlain, Alanna M., additional, Patel, Palak, additional, Hughes, Alexandria, additional, Dickerson, Monica, additional, Thompson, Mark G., additional, Griggs, Eric P., additional, Tenforde, Mark, additional, Winkelman, Tyler NA, additional, Benitez, Gabriela Vazquez, additional, and Drawz, Paul E., additional

Published
2023
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12. Impact of accounting for correlation between COVID-19 and influenza vaccination in a COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness evaluation using a test-negative design

Author

Payne, Amanda B., primary, Ciesla, Allison Avrich, additional, Rowley, Elizabeth A.K., additional, Weber, Zachary A., additional, Reese, Sarah E., additional, Ong, Toan C., additional, Vazquez-Benitez, Gabriela, additional, Naleway, Allison L., additional, Klein, Nicola P, additional, Embi, Peter J., additional, Grannis, Shaun J., additional, Kharbanda, Anupam B., additional, Gaglani, Manjusha, additional, Tenforde, Mark W., additional, and Link-Gelles, Ruth, additional

Published
2023
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13. Vaccine Effectiveness of the Original Monovalent COVID-19 Vaccines in preventing Emergency Department or Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations among Adults with Disabilities: VISION Network, June 2021-September 2022

Author

Patel, Palak, primary, Schrader, Kristin E, additional, Rice, Catherine E, additional, Rowley, Elizabeth, additional, Cree, Robyn A, additional, DeSilva, Malini B, additional, Embi, Peter J, additional, Gaglani, Manjusha, additional, Grannis, Shaun J, additional, Ong, Toan C, additional, Stenehjem, Edward, additional, Naleway, Allison L, additional, Ball, Sarah, additional, Natarajan, Karthik, additional, Klein, Nicola P, additional, Adams, Katherine, additional, Kharbanda, Anupam, additional, Ray, Caitlin, additional, Link-Gelles, Ruth, additional, and Tenforde, Mark W, additional

Published
2023
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14. Effectiveness of Monovalent and Bivalent mRNA Vaccines in Preventing COVID-19–Associated Emergency Department and Urgent Care Encounters Among Children Aged 6 Months–5 Years — VISION Network, United States, July 2022–June 2023

Author

Link-Gelles, Ruth, primary, Ciesla, Allison Avrich, additional, Rowley, Elizabeth A.K., additional, Klein, Nicola P., additional, Naleway, Allison L., additional, Payne, Amanda B., additional, Kharbanda, Anupam, additional, Natarajan, Karthik, additional, DeSilva, Malini B., additional, Dascomb, Kristin, additional, Irving, Stephanie A., additional, Zerbo, Ousseny, additional, Reese, Sarah E., additional, Wiegand, Ryan E., additional, Najdowski, Morgan, additional, Ong, Toan C., additional, Rao, Suchitra, additional, Stockwell, Melissa S., additional, Stephens, Ashley, additional, Goddard, Kristin, additional, Martinez, Yessica C., additional, Weber, Zachary A., additional, Fireman, Bruce, additional, Hansen, John, additional, Timbol, Julius, additional, Grannis, Shaun J., additional, Barron, Michelle A., additional, Embi, Peter J., additional, Ball, Sarah W., additional, Gaglani, Manjusha, additional, Grisel, Nancy, additional, Arndorfer, Julie, additional, Tenforde, Mark W., additional, and Fleming-Dutra, Katherine E., additional

Published
2023
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15. Short-Course Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections in Children

Author

Zaoutis, Theoklis, primary, Shaikh, Nader, additional, Fisher, Brian T., additional, Coffin, Susan E., additional, Bhatnagar, Sonika, additional, Downes, Kevin J., additional, Gerber, Jeffrey S., additional, Shope, Timothy R., additional, Martin, Judith M., additional, Muniz, Gysella B., additional, Green, Michael, additional, Nagg, Jennifer P., additional, Myers, Sage R., additional, Mistry, Rakesh D., additional, O’Connor, Shawn, additional, Faig, Walter, additional, Black, Stephen, additional, Rowley, Elizabeth, additional, Liston, Kellie, additional, and Hoberman, Alejandro, additional

Published
2023
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16. Interim Effectiveness of Updated 2023-2024 (Monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 Vaccines Against COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Among Adults Aged =18 Years with Immunocompromising Conditions -- VISION Network, September 2023-February 2024.

Author

Link-Gelles, Ruth, Rowley, Elizabeth A. K., DeSilva, Malini B., Dascomb, Kristin, Irving, Stephanie A., Klein, Nicola P., Grannis, Shaun J., Ong, Toan C., Weber, Zachary A., Fleming-Dutra, Katherine E., McEvoy, Charlene E., Akinsete, Omobosola, Bride, Daniel, Sheffield, Tamara, Naleway, Allison L., Zerbo, Ousseny, Fireman, Bruce, Hansen, John, Goddard, Kristin, and Dixon, Brian E.

Subjects
*COVID-19 vaccines, *HOSPITAL care, *IMMUNOCOMPROMISED patients, *VACCINATION
Abstract

In September 2023, CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended updated 2023-2024 (monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 vaccination for all persons aged =6 months to prevent COVID-19, including severe disease. As with past COVID-19 vaccines, additional doses may be considered for persons with immunocompromising conditions, who are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 and might have decreased response to vaccination. In this analysis, vaccine effectiveness (VE) of an updated COVID-19 vaccine dose against COVID-19-associated hospitalization was evaluated during September 2023-February 2024 using data from the VISION VE network. Among adults aged =18 years with immunocompromising conditions, VE against COVID-19-associated hospitalization was 38% in the 7-59 days after receipt of an updated vaccine dose and 34% in the 60-119 days after receipt of an updated dose. Few persons (18%) in this high-risk study population had received updated COVID-19 vaccine. All persons aged =6 months should receive updated 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccination; persons with immunocompromising conditions may get additional updated COVID-19 vaccine doses =2 months after the last recommended COVID-19 vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines at Preventing Emergency Department or Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Immunocompromised Adults: An Observational Study of Real-World Data Across 10 US States from August-December 2021

Author

Embi, Peter J., primary, Levy, Matthew E., additional, Patel, Palak, additional, DeSilva, Malini B., additional, Gaglani, Manjusha, additional, Dascomb, Kristin, additional, Dunne, Margaret M., additional, Klein, Nicola P., additional, Ong, Toan C., additional, Grannis, Shaun J., additional, Natarajan, Karthik, additional, Yang, Duck-Hye, additional, Stenehjem, Edward, additional, Zerbo, Ousseny, additional, McEvoy, Charlene, additional, Rao, Suchitra, additional, Thompson, Mark G., additional, Konatham, Deepika, additional, Irving, Stephanie A., additional, Dixon, Brian E., additional, Han, Jungmi, additional, Schrader, Kristin E., additional, Grisel, Nancy, additional, Lewis, Ned, additional, Kharbanda, Anupam B., additional, Barron, Michelle A., additional, Reynolds, Sue, additional, Liao, I-Chia, additional, Fadel, William F., additional, Rowley, Elizabeth A., additional, Arndorfer, Julie, additional, Goddard, Kristin, additional, Murthy, Kempapura, additional, Valvi, Nimish R., additional, Weber, Zachary A., additional, Fireman, Bruce, additional, Reese, Sarah E., additional, Ball, Sarah W., additional, and Naleway, Allison L., additional

Published
2023
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18. Effectiveness of the Original Monovalent Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccines in Preventing Emergency Department or Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Adults With Disabilities: VISION Network, June 2021-September 2022.

Author

Patel, Palak, Schrader, Kristin E, Rice, Catherine E, Rowley, Elizabeth, Cree, Robyn A, DeSilva, Malini B, Embi, Peter J, Gaglani, Manjusha, Grannis, Shaun J, Ong, Toan C, Stenehjem, Edward, Naleway, Allison L, Ball, Sarah, Natarajan, Karthik, Klein, Nicola P, Adams, Katherine, Kharbanda, Anupam, Ray, Caitlin, Link-Gelles, Ruth, and Tenforde, Mark W

Subjects
COVID-19, OUTPATIENT medical care, HOSPITAL emergency services, DISABILITIES, VACCINE effectiveness, PEOPLE with disabilities
Abstract

Adults with disabilities are at increased risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Using data across 9 states during Delta- and Omicron-predominant periods (June 2021–September 2022), we evaluated the effectiveness of the original monovalent COVID-19 messenger RNA vaccines among 521 206 emergency department/urgent care encounters (11 471 [2%] in patients with a documented disability) and 139 548 hospitalizations (16 569 [12%] in patients with a disability) for laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 illness in adults (aged ≥18 years). Across variant periods and for the primary series or booster doses, vaccine effectiveness was similar in those with and those without a disability. These findings highlight the importance of adults with disabilities staying up to date with COVID-19 vaccinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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19. Effectiveness of BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccination in Children and Adolescents

Author

Klein, Nicola P., primary, Demarco, Maria, additional, Fleming-Dutra, Katherine E., additional, Stockwell, Melissa S., additional, Kharbanda, Anupam B., additional, Gaglani, Manjusha, additional, Rao, Suchitra, additional, Lewis, Ned, additional, Irving, Stephanie A., additional, Hartmann, Emily, additional, Natarajan, Karthik, additional, Dalton, Alexandra F., additional, Zerbo, Ousseny, additional, DeSilva, Malini B., additional, Konatham, Deepika, additional, Stenehjem, Edward, additional, Rowley, Elizabeth A. K., additional, Ong, Toan C., additional, Grannis, Shaun J., additional, Sloan-Aagard, Chantel, additional, Han, Jungmi, additional, Verani, Jennifer R, additional, Raiyani, Chandni, additional, Dascomb, Kristin, additional, Reese, Sarah E., additional, Barron, Michelle A., additional, Fadel, William F., additional, Naleway, Allison L., additional, Nanez, Juan, additional, Dickerson, Monica, additional, Goddard, Kristin, additional, Murthy, Kempapura, additional, Grisel, Nancy, additional, Weber, Zacharay A., additional, Dixon, Brian E., additional, Patel, Palak, additional, Fireman, Bruce, additional, Arndorfer, Julie, additional, Valvi, Nimish R., additional, Griggs, Eric P., additional, Hallowell, Carly, additional, Embi, Peter J., additional, Ball, Sarah W., additional, Thompson, Mark G., additional, Tenforde, Mark W., additional, and Link-Gelles, Ruth, additional

Published
2023
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20. Early Estimates of Bivalent mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing COVID-19–Associated Emergency Department or Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Immunocompetent Adults — VISION Network, Nine States, September–November 2022

Author

Tenforde, Mark W., primary, Weber, Zachary A., additional, Natarajan, Karthik, additional, Klein, Nicola P., additional, Kharbanda, Anupam B., additional, Stenehjem, Edward, additional, Embi, Peter J., additional, Reese, Sarah E., additional, Naleway, Allison L., additional, Grannis, Shaun J., additional, DeSilva, Malini B., additional, Ong, Toan C., additional, Gaglani, Manjusha, additional, Han, Jungmi, additional, Dickerson, Monica, additional, Fireman, Bruce, additional, Dascomb, Kristin, additional, Irving, Stephanie A., additional, Vazquez-Benitez, Gabriela, additional, Rao, Suchitra, additional, Konatham, Deepika, additional, Patel, Palak, additional, Schrader, Kristin E., additional, Lewis, Ned, additional, Grisel, Nancy, additional, McEvoy, Charlene, additional, Murthy, Kempapura, additional, Griggs, Eric P., additional, Rowley, Elizabeth A. K., additional, Zerbo, Ousseny, additional, Arndorfer, Julie, additional, Dunne, Margaret M., additional, Goddard, Kristin, additional, Ray, Caitlin, additional, Zhuang, Yan, additional, Timbol, Julius, additional, Najdowski, Morgan, additional, Yang, Duck-Hye, additional, Hansen, John, additional, Ball, Sarah W., additional, and Link-Gelles, Ruth, additional

Published
2023
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21. Accuracy of COVID-19–Like Illness Diagnoses in Electronic Health Record Data: Retrospective Cohort Study

Author

Rao, Suchitra, primary, Bozio, Catherine, additional, Butterfield, Kristen, additional, Reynolds, Sue, additional, Reese, Sarah E, additional, Ball, Sarah, additional, Steffens, Andrea, additional, Demarco, Maria, additional, McEvoy, Charlene, additional, Thompson, Mark, additional, Rowley, Elizabeth, additional, Porter, Rachael M, additional, Fink, Rebecca V, additional, Irving, Stephanie A, additional, and Naleway, Allison, additional

Published
2023
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22. Relationships Between Social Vulnerability and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Coverage and Vaccine Effectiveness

Author

Dalton, Alexandra F, primary, Weber, Zachary A, additional, Allen, Katie S, additional, Stenehjem, Edward, additional, Irving, Stephanie A, additional, Spark, Talia L, additional, Adams, Katherine, additional, Zerbo, Ousseny, additional, Lazariu, Victoria, additional, Dixon, Brian E, additional, Dascomb, Kristin, additional, Hartmann, Emily, additional, Kharbanda, Anupam B, additional, Ong, Toan C, additional, DeSilva, Malini B, additional, Beaton, Maura, additional, Gaglani, Manjusha, additional, Patel, Palak, additional, Naleway, Allison L, additional, Kish, Magdalene N S, additional, Grannis, Shaun J, additional, Grisel, Nancy, additional, Sloan-Aagard, Chantel, additional, Rao, Suchitra, additional, Raiyani, Chandni, additional, Dickerson, Monica, additional, Bassett, Elizabeth, additional, Fadel, William F, additional, Arndorfer, Julie, additional, Nanez, Juan, additional, Barron, Michelle A, additional, Vazquez-Benitez, Gabriela, additional, Liao, I Chia, additional, Griggs, Eric P, additional, Reese, Sarah E, additional, Valvi, Nimish R, additional, Murthy, Kempapura, additional, Rowley, Elizabeth A K, additional, Embi, Peter J, additional, Ball, Sarah, additional, Link-Gelles, Ruth, additional, and Tenforde, Mark W, additional

Published
2023
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23. Early Estimates of Bivalent mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing COVID-19–Associated Emergency Department or Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Immunocompetent Adults — VISION Network, Nine States, September–November 2022

Author

Tenforde, Mark W., primary, Weber, Zachary A., additional, Natarajan, Karthik, additional, Klein, Nicola P., additional, Kharbanda, Anupam B., additional, Stenehjem, Edward, additional, Embi, Peter J., additional, Reese, Sarah E., additional, Naleway, Allison L., additional, Grannis, Shaun J., additional, DeSilva, Malini B., additional, Ong, Toan C., additional, Gaglani, Manjusha, additional, Han, Jungmi, additional, Dickerson, Monica, additional, Fireman, Bruce, additional, Dascomb, Kristin, additional, Irving, Stephanie A., additional, Vazquez-Benitez, Gabriela, additional, Rao, Suchitra, additional, Konatham, Deepika, additional, Patel, Palak, additional, Schrader, Kristin E., additional, Lewis, Ned, additional, Grisel, Nancy, additional, McEvoy, Charlene, additional, Murthy, Kempapura, additional, Griggs, Eric P., additional, Rowley, Elizabeth A. K., additional, Zerbo, Ousseny, additional, Arndorfer, Julie, additional, Dunne, Margaret M., additional, Goddard, Kristin, additional, Ray, Caitlin, additional, Zhuang, Yan, additional, Timbol, Julius, additional, Najdowski, Morgan, additional, Yang, Duck-Hye, additional, Hansen, John, additional, Ball, Sarah W., additional, and Link-Gelles, Ruth, additional

Published
2022
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24. Effectiveness of a Third Dose of mRNA Vaccines Against COVID-19--Associated Emergency Department and Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Adults During Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Predominance--VISION Network, 10 States, August 2021-January 2022

Author

Thompson, Mark G., Natarajan, Karthik, Irving, Stephanie A., Rowley, Elizabeth A., Griggs, Eric P., Gaglani, Manjusha, Klein, Nicola P., Grannis, Shaun J., DeSilva, Malini B., Stenehjem, Edward, Reese, Sarah E., Dickerson, Monica, Naleway, Allison L., Han, Jungmi, Konatham, Deepika, McEvoy, Charlene, Rao, Suchitra, Dixon, Brian E., Dascomb, Kristin, Lewis, Ned, Levy, Matthew E., Patel, Palak, Liao, I-Chia, Kharbanda, Anupam B., Barron, Michelle A., Fadel, William F., Grisel, Nancy, Goddard, Kristin, Yang, Duck-Hye, Wondimu, Mehiret H., Murthy, Kempapura, Valvi, Nimish R., Arndorfer, Julie, Fireman, Bruce, Dunne, Margaret M., Embi, Peter, Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, Zerbo, Ousseny, Bozio, Catherine H., Reynolds, Sue, Ferdinands, Jill, Williams, Jeremiah, Link-Gelles, Ruth, Schrag, Stephanie J., Verani, Jennifer R., Ball, Sarah, and Ong, Toan C.

Subjects
Pfizer Inc., Medical research, Medicine, Experimental, Hospitals -- Emergency service, Messenger RNA, Emergency medicine, Adults, Vaccines, Pharmaceutical industry, Health, University of Colorado, Comirnaty (Vaccine)
Abstract

On January 21, 2022, this report was posted as an MMWR Early Release on the MMWR website (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr). Estimates of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine effectiveness (VE) have declined in recent months [...]

Published
2022

25. Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines at Preventing Emergency Department or Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Immunocompromised Adults: An Observational Study of Real-World Data Across 10 US States from August-December 2021

Author

Embi, Peter J., primary, Levy, Matthew E., additional, Patel, Palak, additional, DeSilva, Malini B., additional, Gaglani, Manjusha, additional, Dascomb, Kristin, additional, Dunne, Margaret M., additional, Klein, Nicola P., additional, Ong, Toan C., additional, Grannis, Shaun J., additional, Natarajan, Karthik, additional, Yang, Duck-Hye, additional, Stenehjem, Edward, additional, Zerbo, Ousseny, additional, McEvoy, Charlene, additional, Rao, Suchitra, additional, Thompson, Mark G., additional, Konatham, Deepika, additional, Irving, Stephanie A., additional, Dixon, Brian E., additional, Han, Jungmi, additional, Schrader, Kristin E., additional, Grisel, Nancy, additional, Lewis, Ned, additional, Kharbanda, Anupam B., additional, Barron, Michelle A., additional, Reynolds, Sue, additional, Liao, I-Chia, additional, Fadel, William F., additional, Rowley, Elizabeth A., additional, Arndorfer, Julie, additional, Goddard, Kristin, additional, Murthy, Kempapura, additional, Valvi, Nimish R., additional, Weber, Zachary A., additional, Fireman, Bruce, additional, Reese, Sarah E., additional, Ball, Sarah W., additional, and Naleway, Allison L., additional

Published
2022
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27. Accuracy of COVID-19-Like-Illness Diagnoses in Electronic Health Record Data (Preprint)

Author

Rao, Suchitra, primary, Bozio, Catherine, additional, Butterfield, Kristen, additional, Reynolds, Sue, additional, Reese, Sarah, additional, Ball, Sarah, additional, Steffens, Andrea, additional, Demarco, Maria, additional, McEvoy, Charlene, additional, Thompson, Mark, additional, Rowley, Elizabeth, additional, Porter, Rachael, additional, Fink, Rebecca, additional, Irving, Stephanie, additional, and Naleway, Allison, additional

Published
2022
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28. Effectiveness of Homologous and Heterologous COVID-19 Booster Doses Following 1 Ad.26.COV2.S (Janssen [Johnson & Johnson]) Vaccine Dose Against COVID-19–Associated Emergency Department and Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Adults — VISION Network, 10 States, December 2021–March 2022

Author

Natarajan, Karthik, primary, Prasad, Namrata, additional, Dascomb, Kristin, additional, Irving, Stephanie A., additional, Yang, Duck-Hye, additional, Gaglani, Manjusha, additional, Klein, Nicola P., additional, DeSilva, Malini B., additional, Ong, Toan C., additional, Grannis, Shaun J., additional, Stenehjem, Edward, additional, Link-Gelles, Ruth, additional, Rowley, Elizabeth A., additional, Naleway, Allison L., additional, Han, Jungmi, additional, Raiyani, Chandni, additional, Benitez, Gabriela Vazquez, additional, Rao, Suchitra, additional, Lewis, Ned, additional, Fadel, William F., additional, Grisel, Nancy, additional, Griggs, Eric P., additional, Dunne, Margaret M., additional, Stockwell, Melissa S., additional, Mamawala, Mufaddal, additional, McEvoy, Charlene, additional, Barron, Michelle A., additional, Goddard, Kristin, additional, Valvi, Nimish R., additional, Arndorfer, Julie, additional, Patel, Palak, additional, Mitchell, Patrick K, additional, Smith, Michael, additional, Kharbanda, Anupam B., additional, Fireman, Bruce, additional, Embi, Peter J., additional, Dickerson, Monica, additional, Davis, Jonathan M., additional, Zerbo, Ousseny, additional, Dalton, Alexandra F., additional, Wondimu, Mehiret H., additional, Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, additional, Bozio, Catherine H., additional, Reynolds, Sue, additional, Ferdinands, Jill, additional, Williams, Jeremiah, additional, Schrag, Stephanie J., additional, Verani, Jennifer R., additional, Ball, Sarah, additional, Thompson, Mark G., additional, and Dixon, Brian E., additional

Published
2022
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29. Effectiveness of COVID-19 Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination in Preventing COVID-19–Associated Emergency Department and Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Nonimmunocompromised Children and Adolescents Aged 5–17 Years — VISION Network, 10 States, April 2021–January 2022

Author

Klein, Nicola P., primary, Stockwell, Melissa S., additional, Demarco, Maria, additional, Gaglani, Manjusha, additional, Kharbanda, Anupam B., additional, Irving, Stephanie A., additional, Rao, Suchitra, additional, Grannis, Shaun J., additional, Dascomb, Kristin, additional, Murthy, Kempapura, additional, Rowley, Elizabeth A., additional, Dalton, Alexandra F., additional, DeSilva, Malini B., additional, Dixon, Brian E., additional, Natarajan, Karthik, additional, Stenehjem, Edward, additional, Naleway, Allison L., additional, Lewis, Ned, additional, Ong, Toan C., additional, Patel, Palak, additional, Konatham, Deepika, additional, Embi, Peter J., additional, Reese, Sarah E., additional, Han, Jungmi, additional, Grisel, Nancy, additional, Goddard, Kristin, additional, Barron, Michelle A., additional, Dickerson, Monica, additional, Liao, I-Chia, additional, Fadel, William F., additional, Yang, Duck-Hye, additional, Arndorfer, Julie, additional, Fireman, Bruce, additional, Griggs, Eric P., additional, Valvi, Nimish R., additional, Hallowell, Carly, additional, Zerbo, Ousseny, additional, Reynolds, Sue, additional, Ferdinands, Jill, additional, Wondimu, Mehiret H., additional, Williams, Jeremiah, additional, Bozio, Catherine H., additional, Link-Gelles, Ruth, additional, Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, additional, Schrag, Stephanie J., additional, Thompson, Mark G., additional, and Verani, Jennifer R., additional

Published
2022
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31. Interim Estimates of COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Against COVID-19-Associated Emergency Department or Urgent Care Clinic Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Adults During SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant Predominance--Nine States, June-August 2021

Author

Grannis, Shaun J., Rowley, Elizabeth A., Ong, Toan C., Stenehjem, Edward, Klein, Nicola P., DeSilva, Malini B., Naleway, Allison L., Natarajan, Karthik, and Thompson, Mark G.

Subjects
Pfizer Inc., Medical research, Medicine, Experimental, Hospitals -- Emergency service, Emergency medicine, Adults, Vaccines, Health, University of Colorado, Kaiser Permanente
Abstract

On September 10, 2021, this report was posted as an MMWR Early Release on the MMWR website (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr). Data on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) since the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of [...]

Published
2021

32. Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines in Ambulatory and Inpatient Care Settings

Author

Thompson, Mark G., primary, Stenehjem, Edward, additional, Grannis, Shaun, additional, Ball, Sarah W., additional, Naleway, Allison L., additional, Ong, Toan C., additional, DeSilva, Malini B., additional, Natarajan, Karthik, additional, Bozio, Catherine H., additional, Lewis, Ned, additional, Dascomb, Kristin, additional, Dixon, Brian E., additional, Birch, Rebecca J., additional, Irving, Stephanie A., additional, Rao, Suchitra, additional, Kharbanda, Elyse, additional, Han, Jungmi, additional, Reynolds, Sue, additional, Goddard, Kristin, additional, Grisel, Nancy, additional, Fadel, William F., additional, Levy, Matthew E., additional, Ferdinands, Jill, additional, Fireman, Bruce, additional, Arndorfer, Julie, additional, Valvi, Nimish R., additional, Rowley, Elizabeth A., additional, Patel, Palak, additional, Zerbo, Ousseny, additional, Griggs, Eric P., additional, Porter, Rachael M., additional, Demarco, Maria, additional, Blanton, Lenee, additional, Steffens, Andrea, additional, Zhuang, Yan, additional, Olson, Natalie, additional, Barron, Michelle, additional, Shifflett, Patricia, additional, Schrag, Stephanie J., additional, Verani, Jennifer R., additional, Fry, Alicia, additional, Gaglani, Manjusha, additional, Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, additional, and Klein, Nicola P., additional

Published
2021
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33. 639. Short Course Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections (SCOUT) in Children

Author

Zaoutis, Theoklis, primary, Bhatnagar, Sonika, additional, Black, Stephen I, additional, Coffin, Susan E, additional, Downes, Kevin J, additional, Fisher, Brian T, additional, Gerber, Jeffrey, additional, Green, Michael D, additional, Lautenbach, Ebbing, additional, Liston, Kellie, additional, Martin, Judith, additional, Muniz, Gysella, additional, Myers, Sage R, additional, O’Connor, Shawn, additional, Rowley, Elizabeth, additional, Shaikh, Nader, additional, Shope, Timothy, additional, and Hoberman, Alejandro, additional

Published
2020
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34. Urban-rural disparity in sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behaviors of HIV-positive adolescent girls and young women and their perspectives on their male sexual partners: A cross-sectional study in Zimbabwe

Author

Thior, Ibou, primary, Rowley, Elizabeth, additional, Mavhu, Webster, additional, Kruse-Levy, Natalie, additional, Messner, Lyn, additional, Falconer-Stout, Zachariah J., additional, Mugurungi, Owen, additional, Ncube, Getrude, additional, and Leclerc-Madlala, Suzanne, additional

Published
2020
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35. 2,4-Diaminoquinazoline Insecticides

Author

Rowley, Elizabeth G., primary, Cullen, Thomas G., additional, Dixson, John A., additional, ElMarakby, Sayed, additional, LaFrance, Louis V., additional, Sehgel, Saroj, additional, and Warkentin, Dennis, additional

Published
2007
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37. Insecticidal N-Arylalkyl-4-benzhydrolpiperidines: Optimization of the Benzhydrol Region

Author

Henrie, Robert N., primary, Ali, Syed F., additional, Anouna, Katherine G., additional, Bara, Thomas A., additional, Barron, Edward J., additional, Buser, John W., additional, Cohen, Daniel H., additional, Cruickshank, Philip A., additional, Cullen, Thomas G., additional, Ditolvo, Mary E., additional, Dybas, Jane A., additional, Kerwick, David J., additional, LaFrance, Louis V., additional, Lloyd, David C., additional, Lyga, John W., additional, Manning, Michael J., additional, Marek, Francis L., additional, Oliphant, Alexander C., additional, Peake, Clinton J., additional, Plummer, M. Joan, additional, Rosen, David S., additional, Rowley, Elizabeth G., additional, Silverman, I. Robert, additional, Szczepanski, Stephen W., additional, Walsh, Michael A., additional, Webster, Charles A., additional, and Wierenga, Joel M., additional

Published
2001
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38. Methods for the stereoselective synthesis of 2-fluoroalkenoates: carbonyl condensation reactions of 3,3-bis(methylthio)-2-fluoropropenal, a highly-functionalized fluoroacrylate cation equivalent

Author

Pirrung, Michael C., Rowley, Elizabeth G., and Holmes, Christopher P.

Subjects
Carbonyl compounds -- Analysis, Condensation -- Analysis, Cations -- Research, Organofluorine compounds -- Analysis, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

A reagent 3,3-bis(methylthio)-2-fluoropropenyl is used to formulate a novel technique for the synthesis of 2-fluoroacrylates. Fluoroacetonitrile is used to condense carbon disulfide for the synthesis of the highly-functionalized aldehyde. The nitrile is attenuated after this condensation. Organometallic reagents and enolates are nucleophilically incorporated into the aldehydes to produce allylic alcohol derivatives. (Z)-2-fluoroacrylate thioesters can be formed under acidic surroundings by changing the pattern of the products. Usual fluorinated Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons or Reformatsky reagents can also yield various fluoroacrylates.

Published
1993

39. Mechanistic and stereochemical study of phenylpyruvate tautomerase

Author

Pirrung, Michael C., Jrlung Chen, Rowley, Elizabeth G., and McPhail, Andrew T.

Subjects
Enzymes -- Synthesis, Enzyme inhibitors -- Analysis, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy -- Usage, X-ray crystallography -- Usage, Chemistry
Abstract

An analysis of substrates and potential enol/enolate, which simulates the transition state of the enzyme phenylpyruvate tautomerase, is done to characterize their stereostructures. This characterization is facilitated by NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with X-ray crystallographic techniques. The synthesis of a thermodynamically unstable (E)enol by the enzyme phenylpyruvate tautomerase, through a syn tautomerization transition state, is demonstrated by the inhibiting behavior of stereoisomeric substituted cinnamates.

Published
1993

40. The Pauson-Khand reaction in triquinane synthesis: approaches to pentalenene, pentalenic acid, and silphinene

Author

Rowley, Elizabeth G. and Schore, Neil E.

Subjects
Ring formation (Chemistry) -- Analysis, Carbonyl compounds -- Research, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

The synthesis of pentalenene, pentalenic acid and silphinene by Pauson-Khand reactions was reported. Preparation of the substituted pentynylcyclopentenes were done prior to the synthesis. Pentalenene was formed based on the Pauson-Khand cycloaddition of a substituted enyne yielding a tricyclic enone. For pentalenic acid, a conditional oxygen functionality at the propagyl group led to the choice of tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether as substrate. The synthesis of silphinene required a different method from pentalenene because of the varying locations of the double bond and methyl groups.

Published
1992

41. Comparison of Variable Selection Methods

Author

Rowley, Elizabeth Koehler

Abstract

Use of classic variable selection methods in public health research is quite common. Many criteria, and various strategies for applying them, now exist including forward selection, backward elimination, stepwise selection, best-subset selection and so on, but all suffer from similar drawbacks. Chief among them is a failure to account for the uncertainty contained in the model selection process. Ignoring model uncertainty can cause several serious problems. Variance estimates are generally underestimated, p-values are generally inflated, prediction ability is overestimated, and results are not reproducible in another dataset. Modern variable selection methods have become increasingly popular, especially in applications of high-dimensional or sparse data. Some of these methods were developed to address the short-comings of classic variable selection methods, such as backward elimination and stepwise selection methods. However, it remains unclear how modern variable selection methods behave in a classical, meaning non-high-dimensional, setting. A simulation study investigates the estimation, predictive performance and variable selection capabilities of three representative modern variable selection methods: Bayesian model averaging (BMA), stochastic search variable selection (SSVS), and the adaptive lasso. These three methods are considered in the setting of linear regression with a single variable of interest which is always included in the model. A second simulation study compares BMA to classical variable selection methods, including backward elimination, two-stage method, and change-in-effect method in the setting of logistic regression. Additionally, the data generated in both simulation studies closely mimic a real study and reflect a realistic correlation structure between potential covariates. Sample sizes ranging from 150 to 20000 are investigated. BMA is demonstrated in an example building a predictive model using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

Published
2019
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42. Addressing the gender-knowledge gap in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: challenges and opportunities

Author

Domingo, Gonzalo J, Advani, Nicole, Satyagraha, Ari W, Sibley, Carol H, Rowley, Elizabeth, Kalnoky, Michael, Cohen, Jessica, Parker, Michael, and Kelley, Maureen

Subjects
Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Gender, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Review, Primaquine, Chromosome, Antimalarials, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency, Sex Factors, Risk Factors, Point-of-care, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Africa, parasitic diseases, Aminoquinolines, Malaria, Vivax, Humans, Female, X-inactivation, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Abstract

G6PD deficiency is a common X-linked genetic trait, with an associated enzyme deficiency phenotype, whereby males are either G6PD deficient or normal, but females exhibit a broader range of G6PD-deficiency, ranging from severe deficiency to normal. Heterozygous females typically have intermediate G6PD enzyme activity levels. In the malaria field, G6PD deficiency has significant implications for the safe and appropriate treatment for P.vivax malaria, as individuals with this deficiency are at greater risk of serious adverse events following treatment with the only curative class of anti-malarials, 8-aminoquinolines, such as primaquine. To date, the gold standard quantitative diagnostic tests for measuring G6PD deficiency are complex and require sophisticated laboratories. Qualitative tests, which are most commonly used, do not discriminate intermediate G6PD activity ranges. This has resulted in poor understanding of the epidemiology of G6PD activity in heterozygous females and its corresponding treatment ramifications. With the advent of simple-to-use quantitative tests for G6PD deficiency, and a momentum to eliminate malaria, there is an opportunity to address this knowledge gap. While this will require additional resources for clinical studies, adequate operational research, and appropriate pharmacovigilance, the health benefits from this investment go beyond the immediate intervention for which the G6PD status is first diagnosed.

Published
2018

43. Differences in HIV-related behaviors at Lugufu refugee camp and surrounding host villages, Tanzania

Author

Mbaruku Godfrey, Tunze Zawadi, Spiegel Paul B, Rowley Elizabeth A, Schilperoord Marian, and Njogu Patterson

Subjects
Special situations and conditions, RC952-1245, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract

Abstract Background An HIV behavioral surveillance survey was undertaken in November 2005 at Lugufu refugee camp and surrounding host villages, located near western Tanzania's border with the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Methods The sample size was 1,743 persons based on cluster survey methodology. All members of selected households between 15–49 years old were eligible respondents. Questions included HIV-related behaviors, population displacement, mobility, networking and forced sex. Data was analyzed using Stata to measure differences in proportions (chi-square) and differences in means (t-test) between gender, age groups, and settlement location for variables of interest. Results Study results reflect the complexity of factors that may promote or inhibit HIV transmission in conflict-affected and displaced populations. Within this setting, factors that may increase the risk of HIV infections among refugees compared to the population in surrounding villages include young age of sexual initiation among males (15.9 years vs. 19.8 years, p = .000), high-risk sex partners in the 15–24 year age group (40% vs. 21%, χ2 33.83, p = .000), limited access to income (16% vs. 51% χ2 222.94, p = .000), and the vulnerability of refugee women, especially widowed, divorced and never-married women, to transactional sex (married vs. never married, divorced, widowed: for 15–24 age group, 4% and 18% respectively, χ2 8.07, p = .004; for 25–49 age group, 4% and 23% respectively, χ2 21.46, p = .000). A majority of both refugee and host village respondents who experienced forced sex in the past 12 months identified their partner as perpetrator (64% camp and 87% in villages). Although restrictions on movements in and out of the camp exist, there was regular interaction between communities. Condom use was found to be below 50%, and expanded population networks may also increase opportunities for HIV transmission. Availability of refugee health services may be a protective factor. Most respondents knew where to go for HIV testing (84% of refugee respondents and 78% of respondents in surrounding villages), while more refugees than respondents from villages had ever been tested (42% vs. 22%, χ2 63.69, p = .000). Conclusion This research has important programmatic implications. Regardless of differences between camp and village populations, study results point to the need for targeted activities within each population. Services should include youth education and life skills programs emphasizing the benefits of delayed sexual initiation and the risks involved in transactional sex, especially in the camp where greater proportions of youth are affected by these issues relative to the surrounding host villages. As well, programs should stress the importance of correct and consistent condom use to increase usage in both populations. Further investigation into forced sex within regular partnerships, and programs that encourage male involvement in addressing this issue are needed. Program managers should verify that current commodity distribution systems ensure vulnerable women's access to resources, and consider additional program responses.

Published
2008
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44. DIWHY: Factors Influencing Motivation, Barriers, and Duration of DIY Artificial Pancreas System Use among Real-World Users

Author

Braune, Katarina, O'Donnell, Shane, Cleal, Bryan, Lewis, Dana M, Tappe, Adrian, Hauck, Bastian, Willaing, Ingrid, Scibilia, Renza, Rowley, Elizabeth, Ko, Winne, Doyle, Gerardine, Skinner, Timothy, Raile, Klemens, Braune, Katarina, O'Donnell, Shane, Cleal, Bryan, Lewis, Dana M, Tappe, Adrian, Hauck, Bastian, Willaing, Ingrid, Scibilia, Renza, Rowley, Elizabeth, Ko, Winne, Doyle, Gerardine, Skinner, Timothy, and Raile, Klemens

Published
2019

45. Implementation of maternal influenza immunization in El Salvador: Experiences and lessons learned from a mixed-methods study

Author

Fleming, Jessica A., primary, Baltrons, Rafael, additional, Rowley, Elizabeth, additional, Quintanilla, Isabel, additional, Crespin, Elner, additional, Ropero, Alba-Maria, additional, Ortiz, Justin R., additional, Lambach, Philipp, additional, Neuzil, Kathleen M., additional, Stepanchak, Maria, additional, Hombach, Joachim, additional, and Bhat, Niranjan, additional

Published
2018
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47. Novel syn intramolecular pathway in base-catalyzed 1,2-elimination reactions of beta-acetoxy esters

Author

Mohrig, Jerry R., Carlson, Hans K., Coughlin, Jane M., Hofmeister, Gretchen E., McMartin, Lea A., Rowley, Elizabeth G., Trimmer, Elizabeth E., Wild, Andrew J., and Schultz, Steve C.

Subjects
Acetic acid -- Electric properties, Acetic acid -- Chemical properties, Stereochemistry -- Analysis, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

Study was conducted to show a new syn intramolecular pathway in the elimination of acetic acid from beta-acetoxy esters and thioesters as a part of a comprehensive investigation of electronic effects on the stereochemistry of based-catalyzed 1,2-elimination reactions. Results show that more acidic thioester substrates do not produce an increased amount of syn stereoselectivity even though their elimination reactions are at the Elcb interface.

Published
2007

49. Addressing the gender-knowledge gap in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: challenges and opportunities.

Author

Domingo, Gonzalo J, Advani, Nicole, Satyagraha, Ari W, Sibley, Carol H, Rowley, Elizabeth, Kalnoky, Michael, Cohen, Jessica, Parker, Michael, and Kelley, Maureen

Subjects
GLUCOSE-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, GLUCOSE-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, OPERATIONS research, SCARCITY, PLASMODIUM vivax
Abstract

Glucose-6-phosphate dehyrdgoenase (G6PD) deficiency is a common X-linked genetic trait, with an associated enzyme phenotype, whereby males are either G6PD deficient or normal, but females exhibit a broader range of G6PD deficiencies, ranging from severe deficiency to normal. Heterozygous females typically have intermediate G6PD activity. G6PD deficiency has implications for the safe treatment for Plasmodium vivax malaria. Individuals with this deficiency are at greater risk of serious adverse events following treatment with the only curative class of anti-malarials, 8-aminoquinolines, such as primaquine. Quantitative diagnostic tests for G6PD deficiency are complex and require sophisticated laboratories. The commonly used qualitative tests, do not discriminate intermediate G6PD activities. This has resulted in poor understanding of the epidemiology of G6PD activity in females and its corresponding treatment ramifications. New simple-to-use quantitative tests, and a momentum to eliminate malaria, create an opportunity to address this knowledge gap. While this will require additional resources for clinical studies, adequate operational research, and appropriate pharmacovigilance, the health benefits from this investment go beyond the immediate intervention for which the G6PD status is first diagnosed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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