Search

Objective Examination of urine sediment is crucial in acute kidney injury (AKI). In such renal injury, tubular epithelial cells, epithelial cell casts, and dysmorphic red cells may provide clues to etiology. The aim of this study was to compare automated urinalysis findings with manual microscopic analysis in AKI. Methods Samples from patients diagnosed with AKI and control patients were included in the study. Red blood cells, white blood cells, renal tubular epithelial cells/small round cells, casts, and pathologic (path) cast counts obtained microscopically and by a UF1000i cytometer were compared by Spearman test. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the ability to predict AKI from parameters obtained from the UF1000i. Results There was poor correlation between manual and automated analysis in AKI. None of the parameters could predict AKI using logistic regression analysis. However, the increment in the automated path cast count increased the odds of AKI 93 times. Conclusion Automated urinalysis parameters are poor predictors of AKI, and there is no agreement with manual microscopy.

It is extremely rare for loss of immunohistochemical expression of INI1 to occur primarily at recurrence/progression with retained expression at the primary/initial presentation of central nervous system (CNS) tumor. In this article, we present 3 such cases showing loss of INI1 expression primarily at recurrence. All patients were males, aged 7 years (case 1), 11 years (case 2), and 35 years (case 3), diagnosed with low-grade glial/glioneuronal tumor, not otherwise specified (case 1), craniopharyngioma (case 2), and glioblastoma (case 3); all showed retained INI1 protein expression. Case 1 at 12 months recurrence showed a high-grade tumor with relative undifferentiated morphology, case 2 after 104 months showed a sarcomatous progression, and case 3 recurred after 4 months with the presence of relative undifferentiated round cells. All these recurrences showed loss of INI1 expression. Loss of SMARCB1/INI1 gene function resulting in complete loss of INI1 protein expression is not a well-accepted genetic mechanism for transformation/progression as this series emphasizes.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) of the ovary are rare, highly aggressive neoplasms with fewer than 100 cases described. PNETs of the ovary can be classified as either peripheral or central types. The peripheral PNETs have small round cells with or without rosette formation, and the central PNETs can be further delineated based on the CNS tumor they morphologically resemble. We present a case of a central type ovarian PNET in a young female presenting with a pelvic mass and elevated serum tumor markers.

The aim of this study was to verify the applicability and accuracy of B-mode ultrasonography in detecting malignancy in dog cutaneous neoplasms. Forty-two neoplasms (12 benign and 30 malignant) of mesenchymal, round cells, epithelial and melanocytic origins from 24 dogs of different breeds and ages were included. The ultrasound evaluation was performed with a linear multi-frequency transducer (7.0 to 12MHz), with frequency dependent on the mass dimension. Ultrasonographic characteristics of echogenicity (hypo/hyperechogenic), echotexture (homogeneous/heterogeneous), regularity, invasiveness in adjacent tissues were classified. Dimensions were also measured to calculate the depth/width ratio. Neoplasms were classified as malignant or benign after cytological and/or histopathological analysis and the results were associated with ultrasound characteristics. There was a significant association (P

Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of disorders with a variable clinical course, ranging from indolent disease with normal life expectancy to highly aggressive disease. In the skin, mast cells may show a spindle-shape appearance or appear as round cells with wide, polygonal cytoplasm. In this study, we present a case series of 4 patients with cutaneous childhood-onset mastocytosis in whom skin mast cells showed striking nuclear pleomorphism with bilobed and multilobed nuclei. Such finding does not seem to represent a malignant phenotype of the disease in the skin, although the true biological significance and the potential prognostic impact remain to be determined.

In human sperm proteomic experiments, leukocyte and round cell proteins may contaminate the sperm proteome and affect the bioinformatic results. The main objective of this study was to identify the possible interference of these proteins, especially from leukocytes, in identification of sperm functional pathways through proteomic and bioinformatic tools. We have evaluated the sperm proteome by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in four groups: (1) neat semen with round cells and leukocytes ≥1 × 106/mL; (2) samples with round cells and leukocytes ≥1 × 106/mL processed by 65% density gradient centrifugation; (3) neat semen with round cells

O mastocitoma é uma das neoplasias cutâneas mais frequentemente diagnosticadas em cães e possui comportamento biológico amplo, variando de tumores bem diferenciados a tumores com comportamento maligno e doença metastática disseminada. As principais localizações anatômicas das metástases em cães são pouco estudadas, principalmente devido à falta de realização de necropsia nesses casos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os principais sítios metastáticos de mastocitomas cutâneos caninos e descrever os aspectos macroscópicos e histológicos das metástases. Foi conduzido um estudo retrospectivo nos arquivos de necropsia do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul de Janeiro de 2008 a Março de 2020 em busca de casos de mastocitomas cutâneos com metástases em cães. No período de 12 anos foram detectados 49 casos, todos classificados como mastocitomas cutâneos de alto grau. Os principais sítios metastáticos relatados foram os linfonodos (47/49; 95,9%), seguidos do baço (33/49;67,3%), fígado (29/49; 59,2%), medula óssea (20/49; 40,8%), rim (16/49; 32,7%) e coração (14/49; 28,6%). Outras localizações incomuns incluíram os pulmões (9/49; 18,4%), glândulas adrenais (4/49; 8,2%), músculo esquelético (4/49; 8,2%), osso (3/49; 6,1%), bexiga (2/49; 4.1%), próstata (2/49; 4.1%), esôfago (2/49; 4.1%), intestino delgado (2/49; 4.1%) e palato mole (1/49; 2%). Macroscopicamente, os linfonodos afetados apresentavam, em todos os casos, leve a acentuado aumento de volume, frequentemente com perda de distinção corticomedular. O padrão de metástase esplênica foi predominantemente caracterizado por esplenomegalia (28/33; 84,8%), por vezes associado a nódulos (13/33; 39,4%) e áreas puntiformes brancas (4/33; 12,1%). Hepatomegalia foi a principal apresentação macroscópica de metástase hepática (28/29; 96,5%), associada a áreas puntiformes brancas (9/29; 31%) e nódulos (2/29; 6,9%). Metástases renais eram caracterizadas por nódulos unilaterais ou bilaterais (9/16; 56,3%), áreas puntiformes brancas (3/16; 18,8%) ou palidez difusa do parênquima (1/16; 6,3%). O coração exibia nódulos na superfície epicárdica (6/14; 42,9%), palidez difusa (2/14; 14,3%) ou múltiplas áreas brancas no miocárdio (1/14; 7,1%). Nódulos metastáticos pulmonares foram observados em dois casos, enquanto nos demais sete cães as lesões eram apenas microscópicas e envolviam os vasos dos septos alveolares. Histologicamente, os linfonodos apresentavam obliteração do parênquima por mastócitos neoplásicos, os quais também estavam presentes nos seios medulares. No baço, as células neoplásicas estavam dispersas no parênquima (16/33; 48,5%), formando nódulos (10/33; 30,3%) ou difusamente distribuídas (9/33; 27,3%). No fígado, os mastócitos estavam principalmente nos sinusoides (24/29; 82,8%), formavam nódulos (10/29; 34,5%) e ocupavam espaços periportais (5/29; 17,2%). Nos rins e no coração, metástases intersticiais e nodulares foram observadas. Todas os mastocitomas apresentaram marcação imuno-histoquímica positiva para proteína KIT, com padrão de marcação KIT III em 29 casos (59,2%) e KIT II em 20 casos (40,8%). Mast cell tumor (MCT) is one of the most common cutaneous neoplasms of dogs, and it has a variable biological behavior, ranging from well differentiated to more aggressive tumours with metastatic disease. Nonetheless, the main metastatic sites of MCT are poorly described because of the lack of necropsy in cases with MCT-related disease and death. This study aimed to evaluate the metastatic sites of canine MCT and describe the macroscopic and histologic aspects of the metastases. A retrospective study was performed using the necropsy database of the pathology laboratory of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul between January 2008 and March 2020 in search for cases of metastatic cutaneous MCTs. In the 12-year period, 49 cases were selected, and all tumours were classified as high-grade MCTs. The main metastatic sites were the lymph nodes (47/49; 95.9%), followed by spleen (33/49; 67.3%), liver (29/49; 59.2%), bone marrow (20/49; 40.8%), kidneys (16/49; 32.7%) and heart (14/49; 28.6%). Other sites included the lungs (9/49; 18.4%), adrenal glands (4/49; 8.2%), skeletal muscle (4/49; 8.2%), bone (3/49; 6.1%), urinary bladder (2/49; 4.1%), prostate gland (2/49; 4.1%), esophagus (2/49; 4.1%;), small intestine (2/49; 4.1%) and soft palate (1/49; 2%). Grossly, there was mild to severe lymphadenomegaly in all cases, which was frequently accompanied by loss of the nodal corticomedullary differentiation. Splenic metastases were mainly characterized by splenomegaly (28/33; 84.8%), occasionally associated with nodules (13/33; 39.4%) and white pinpoint areas (4/33; 12.1%). Hepatomegaly was the most common gross feature of hepatic metastasis (28/29; 96.5%) and was associated with white pinpoint foci (9/29; 31%) and nodular areas (2/29; 6.9%). Renal metastases were characterized by unilateral or bilateral nodules (9/16; 56.3%), white pinpoint areas (3/16; 18.8%) or pale discoloration of the parenchyma (1/16; 6.3%). The heart had nodules in the epicardial surface (6/14; 42.9%), pale myocardium (2/14; 14.3%) or multifocal white areas in the myocardium (1/15; 7.1%). The lungs had metastatic nodules in 2 dogs, while in the remaining cases there were only histologic lesions with neoplastic mast cells in the blood vessels of alveolar septa. Histologically, the lymph nodes were obliterated by neoplastic mast cells, which were also in the medullary sinus. In the spleen, neoplastic mast cells were multifocally scattered (16/33; 48.5%), arranged in nodules (10/33; 30.3%) or diffusely distributed (9/33; 27.3%). In the liver, neoplastic cells were mainly in the sinusoids (24/29; 82.8%), but also formed nodules (10/29; 34.5%) and were arranged in a periportal pattern (5/29; 17.2%). In the kidneys and heart, interstitial and nodular metastases were observed. All neoplasms had positive immunolabeling for KIT protein, with KIT III staining pattern in 29 cases (59.2%) and KIT II staining pattern in 20 cases (40.8%).

The transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is well-documented and researched in dogs due to the unique characteristic of its transmissible cells. Despite of the vast scientific literature regarding genital TVT, the extragenital TVT is also present in many endemic countries, but the scientific descriptions about this disease came from isolated reports and case series. Thus, the objective of this study was to gather all the national and international information available of extragenital TVT in dogs and analyze it in the form of a systematic review, aiming understanding the countries with the highest incidence of cases, the relationship with the patients' review (race, sex and age), genital involvement, extragenital location, choice treatment and evolution of the disease. The results demonstrated 134 cases of the extragenital TVT with 214 extragenital lesions. The most of the studies came from Europe and South America. The mixed-bred dogs and males ranging from one to five years-old were the most commonly diagnosticated. The external organs were frequently affected and the ascendant tumor infiltration seemed was rare. The vincristine was the treatment of choice in almost all patients, having a complete remission in 79% of reported cases. In addition, it was observed that multiple lesions and chemoresistance can have a negative impact on the prognosis of this disease. El tumor venéreo transmisible (TVT) está bien documentado e investigado en perros debido a la característica única de sus células transmisibles. Apesar de la vasta literatura científica sobre TVT genital, TVT extragenital también está presente en muchos países endémicos, pero las descripciones científicas sobre la enfermedad provienen de informes aislados y series de casos. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue recopilar toda la información nacional e internacional disponible sobre TVT extragenital en perros y analizarla en forma de revisión sistemática, con el objetivo de conocer los países con mayor incidencia de casos, la relación con la revisión de los pacientes (raza , sexo y edad), afectación genital, localización extragenital, elección del tratamiento y evolución de la enfermedad. Los resultados mostraron 134 casos de TVT extragenital con 214 lesiones extragenitales. La mayoría de los estudios se realizaron en Europa y América del Sur, siendo los perros cruzados y machos de entre uno y cinco años los que se diagnosticaron con mayor frecuencia. Los órganos externos se afectaban con frecuencia y la infiltración tumoral ascendente era rara. La vincristina fue el tratamiento de elección en casi todos los pacientes, con remisión completa en el 79% de los casos notificados. Además, se observó que múltiples lesiones y quimiorresistencia pueden tener un impacto negativo en el pronóstico de esta enfermedad. O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) é bem documentado e pesquisado em cães devido à característica única de suas células transmissíveis. Apesar da vasta literatura científica a respeito do TVT genital, o TVT extragenital também está presente em muitos países endêmicos, mas as descrições científicas sobre a doença advém de relatos isolados e séries de casos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi reunir todas as informações nacionais e internacionais disponíveis sobre o TVT extragenital em cães e analisá-las na forma de revisão sistemática, visando conhecer os países com maior incidência de casos, a relação com a resenha dos pacientes (raça, sexo e idade), envolvimento genital, localização extragenital, escolha do tratamento e evolução da doença. Os resultados demonstraram 134 casos de TVT extragenital com 214 lesões extragenitais. A maioria dos estudos foram da Europa e América do Sul. Os cães mestiços e machos com idade entre um e cinco anos foram os mais comumente diagnosticados. Os órgãos externos foram frequentemente afetados e a infiltração tumoral ascendente foi rara. A vincristina foi o tratamento de escolha em quase todos os pacientes, apresentando remissão completa em 79% dos casos relatados. Além disso, observou-se que múltiplas lesões e quimiorresistência podem ter impacto negativo no prognóstico desta doença.

We report a case of solitary infantile myofibroma (IM) with partially CD34-positive neoplastic cells on the back of a newborn boy. Ultrasonography showed a multilocular mass with a hypoechoic center surrounded by an isoechoic rim. Histopathological analysis revealed that the lesion was composed of small, round cells that were tightly packed and uniform. The cells had oval nuclei and were pale, CD34-positive, and richly cellular. They had interlacing fascicles of spindle cells with features of myofibroblasts with α-smooth muscle actin positivity. We speculate that neoplastic cells in most IMs differentiate towards myofibroblasts. However, in rare cases, their differentiation is more primitive and they express CD34, with or without α-smooth muscle actin expression.

Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors that come from mesenchymal tissues. Undifferentiated sarcoma represents approximately 20% of soft tissue sarcomas. This entity represents approximately 20% of soft tissue sarcomas. These tumors are subdivided according to their appearance. Morphological in 4 subtypes: pleomorphic cells, fusiform cells, round cells, epithelioids. We report the case of a 72-year-old woman operated for a complicated adnexal tumor, but it turned out that it was sarcoma undifferentiated (unclassified) fusiform cell type of mesentery. It is a rare and a latent tumor. Its diagnosis is histological. Its treatment consists on surgical wide excision if possible. This type of sarcoma has a poor prognosis considering the limited benefits of radio-chemotherapy. Undifferentiated sarcoma type fusiform cells of the mesentery is an exceptional entity. Its diagnosis is difficult. Its treatment is to discuss case by case, surgery is the best option if it is possible. The prognosis is bad. This entity remains to be studied.

Melanoma in situ and dysplastic nevi with severe atypia present overlapping histopathologic features. Reflectance confocal microscopy findings can be integrated with the dermatopathology report to improve differentiation between melanoma and dysplastic nevi with severe atypia.To compare prevalence of reflectance confocal microscopy findings between melanoma in situ and dysplastic nevi with severe atypia.This retrospective observational study compared reflectance confocal microscopy findings in dermatopathologically diagnosed dysplastic nevi with severe atypia and melanoma in situ, collected between 2007 and 2017 at a private pigmented-lesion clinic. Concordant pathologic diagnosis was defined as unanimous agreement between 3 dermatopathologists who independently reviewed all cases; all other cases were classified as discordant.The study included 112 lesions, 62 concordant melanomas in situ, 28 concordant dysplastic nevi with severe atypia, and 22 discordant lesions. In comparing reflectance confocal microscopy findings in concordant cases, melanoma in situ showed more frequently than dysplastic nevi with severe atypia the presence of epidermal atypical melanocytes as round cells (19/62 vs 0/28; P .001) and dendritic cells (50/62 vs 6/28; P .001), as well as a diffuse distribution of epidermal atypical melanocytes (50/54 vs 3/6; P = .002). In contrast, dysplastic nevi with severe atypia showed the presence of dense melanocytic nests more frequently than melanoma in situ did (15/28 vs 14/62; P = .003).The study was based on a limited number of lesions originating from a single clinic.Reflectance confocal microscopy findings may help differentiate a subset of dysplastic nevi with severe atypia from melanoma in situ.

Low and high-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS) can be distinguished on a morphologic basis. Low-grade ESS is composed of oval cells that resemble normal proliferative-phase endometrial stroma, while the well-known high-grade ESS is composed of round cells growing in nests separated by delicate sinusoidal vasculature. Recurrent JAZF1 rearrangements have been reported to be most frequent in low-grade stromal sarcomas (up to 60%), while YWHAE rearrangements are characteristic of high-grade ESS. Herein, we report a case of a 45-yr-old woman with stage IA typical low-grade ESS who developed multiple abdominopelvic recurrences and lung metastases 15 mo after her primary tumor was resected. The unusual morphology (without high-grade areas) as well as the aggressive behavior of the tumor prompted molecular testing which showed YWHAE rearrangement in her abdominopelvic recurrence and her primary tumor. Five years after her primary tumor was resected, she developed scalp metastases with a typical morphology of a high-grade ESS associated with t(10;17) and died of her disease. Our case highlights the potential value of molecular testing in all low-grade ESS at time of initial diagnosis to stratify patients at higher risk for developing high-grade ESS with the goal of offering closer follow-up for early detection and treatment if transformation occurs.

Definition: High-grade malignant poorly differentiated tumor composed of small round cells. The current definition includes several historical entities, such as Ewing sarcoma, peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), Askin’s tumor (Ewing sarcoma of the chest wall), and adamantinoma-like Ewing sarcoma, all of which share the same oncogenic fusions and similar biologic behavior, and therefore are currently considered as a unique entity defined as Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (EFTs).

The number of reports of coral disease is increasing worldwide. Among coral diseases, BBD was discovered first, along Caribbean coastlines in 1973. The main symptom of BBD is a black mat on the surface of the infected coral tissue. This black mat is a microbial consortium in which a dominant filamentous cyanobacterium proliferates. In Okinawa various reports and ecological studies of BBD have been conducted, but the species of cyanobacteria associated with Okinawan BBD remain unclear. This study focused primarily on the classification of BBD cyanobacteria in Okinawa Prefecture (Sesoko-jima and Miyako-jima Islands). BBD was sampled in a colony of Montipora sp. from Sesoko-jima Island on June 15, 2015, July and August 2016, and May 2017. Two BBD tissues were sampled from colonies of Goniopora sp. at two localities of Miyako-jima Island on August 27 and 28, 2015. All samples were non-branching filamentous, with a dark brown crude culture color and round cells with a tapered tip; the Miyako-jima samples were 2.6–3.8 μm long and 3.3–4.5 μm wide, while the Sesoko-jima samples were 2.6–4.6 μm long and 3.1–4.8 μm wide. We attempted to isolate these cyanobacteria but had difficulty establishing well-growing cultures. Instead of culturing, single-filament PCR was employed to obtain partial 16S rRNA gene sequences using cyanobacteria-specific primers. Although slight morphological differences were found among samples, the 1219-bp partial 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained were identical. These sequences matched those of Roseofilum reptotaenium FJ210722. Our data suggest that the dominant cyanobacteria in different localities and different coral colonies belong to the same species, R. reptotaenium.

Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is an uncommon malignancy of childhood and adults that constitutes 6%–8% of all primary malignant tumors and the third-most common tumor after osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma, frequently involves the mandible among jaw bones. This article presents a rare case of ES of maxilla in a 22-year-old male patient showing extensive lesion into skull base which was confirmed with computed tomography, dilemmatic histopathologic features in H and E which is not a frequent presentation. Histopathologic features showed monotonous round cells with hypo- and hyper-cellular areas, intralesional hemorrhage and necrosis with lesional cells positive for CD99. Although the prognosis is poor, early diagnosis and long-term follow-up can improve the survival. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry where lesional cells were positive for CD 99 and vimentin. ES of maxilla is a rare and aggressive tumor. Hence, early diagnosis, combined therapy, and long-term follow-up are suggested in such cases.

Metastatic lobular carcinoma to stomach is seen as small round cells in linear cords within the normal tissue and it is not easily differentiated from signet cell adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Differentiating synchronous primary gastric carcinoma from metastatic involvement is vital in accurately planning treatment. Herein, we report a case of gastric metastatic invasive lobular breast carcinoma initially misdiagnosed as synchronous gastric and breast carcinoma and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) are very rare tumors that belong to a family of malignant neoplasms of tiny round cells which are derived from the neural crest. This report discusses a rare case of an adult woman with esophageal PNET, confirmed by immunohistochemistry, that presented with metastasis to the pineal gland. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a PNET with these features. Despite surgery and chemotherapeutic treatment, our case has shown disease progression.

O mastocitoma cutâneo é uma neoplasia observada frequentemente em cães. Esta doença é aracterizada pelo crescimento anormal e excessivo de mastócitos. Este estudo realizou o levantamento de dados de todos os arquivos de biopsia feito em cães no laboratório de Patologia clínica do Centro Universitário da Grande Dourados e da Universidade Anhaguera Uniderp no período entre janeiro de 2015 e janeiro de 2016. Foram selecionados 26 casos confirmados de mastocitoma canino, a partir da informação retiradas dos laudos foram avaliados fatores predisponentes como raça, sexo, idade e local das lesões neoplásicas. Em meio aos animais selecionados 46,15% (12) eram fêmeas e 53,84% (14) machos. Com relação ao fator racial, 34,61% (9) dos animais não possuem raça definida, 30,76% (8) eram da raça Boxer, 11,53% (3) eram da raça Pitbull, 7,69% (2) da raça Labrador, 7,69% (2) eram da raça Dachshund, 3,84% (1) eram da raça Poodle e 3,84% (1) da raça Shnauzer. Concluiu se neste trabalho que a maioria dos cães acometidos por essa neoplasia eram sem raça definida. Quando considerado a raça observou se que os cães Boxer são os mais predispostos a esta neoplasia. Animais considerados idosos, com idade entre 9 e 13 anos são os mais acometidos. O mastocitoma canino não apresentou predisposição à doença quanto ao sexo e pôde-se verificar a maior frequência em relação a localização dos nódulos na parte do tronco e membros.

Mast cells (MCs) play important roles in multiple pathologies, including fibrosis; however, their behaviors in different extracellular matrix (ECM) environments have not been fully elucidated. Accordingly, in this study, the migration of MCs on substrates with different stiffnesses was investigated using time-lapse video microscopy. Our results showed that MCs could appear in round, spindle, and star-like shapes; spindle-shaped cells accounted for 80-90 % of the total observed cells. The migration speed of round cells was significantly lower than that of cells with other shapes. Interestingly, spindle-shaped MCs migrated in a jiggling and wiggling motion between protrusions. The persistence index of MC migration was slightly higher on stiffer substrates. Moreover, we found that there was an intermediate optimal stiffness at which the migration efficiency was the highest. These findings may help to improve our understanding of MC-induced pathologies and the roles of MC migration in the immune system.

Background: Myxoid and round cell liposarcomas (RCL) are low and high-grade counterparts of a common subtype of liposarcomas (LPS), representing a histologic continuum. Aims: The aim was to study the cytomorphology of hypercellular RCL and to look for features that differentiate RCL from other sarcomas displaying round cells with myxoid change. Materials and Methods: Eight cases of hypercellular RCL were identified retrospectively in which round cell component constituted greater than 75% of the area. Cytomorphological features were studied in detail. Results: Four cases were predominantly composed of round cells, out of which 2 were entirely composed of round cells. Myxoid metachromatic stroma was absent in 2 cases, while it was present in ample amounts in the remaining 6 cases. Spindle cells were completely absent in 5 cases and lipoblasts were observed in a single case of RCL. Plexiform vascular capillaries were seen in 4 cases. Adherence of neoplastic round cells around thin capillaries (ANAC) was observed in 7 cases. Conclusions: Plexiform capillary plexus and ANAC should be separately evaluated. The latter feature is the most consistent one, and is an important clue to the adipocytic nature of the neoplasm when hypercellular round cell areas are aspirated. Confident diagnosis of hypercellular RCL can be made on the basis of this feature. Lipoblasts, although specific, are seen in few cases. The rest of the features are nonspecific and useful only in combination.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MC) is a rare variety of chondrosarcoma (CS), which is both clinically unique and histologically distinct compared with conventional CS. Maxillofacial MCs are aggressive, have a tendency for recurrence and significant distant metastasis to lung and bone, and are associated with overall poor prognosis. Histopathologically, it is a biphasic tumor comprising of islands of hyaline cartilage with undifferentiated small round cells. Here, we present an interesting case of MC involving the left half of maxilla along with a brief review of the relevant literature.

Ewings sarcoma (ES) is mostly a tumour of children and young adults and is composed of densely distributed, uniform, small to medium sized, round cells with a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio. Extraskeletal ES (EES) is a rare presentation and we present 3 cases of EES at uncommon sites involving hard palate, lung and pleura. DOI: 10.21276/apalm.2017.1110

Lentigo maligna is the most common type of facial melanoma. Diagnosis is complicated, however, as it shares clinical and dermoscopic characteristics with other cutaneous lesions of the face. Reflectance confocal microscopy is an imaging technique that permits the visualization of characteristic features of lentigo maligna. These include a disrupted honeycomb pattern and pagetoid cells with a tendency to show folliculotropism. These cells typically have a dendritic morphology, although they may also appear as round cells measuring over 20μm with atypical nuclei. Poorly defined dermal papillae and atypical cells may be seen at the dermal-epidermal junction and can form bridges resembling mitochondrial structures. Other characteristic findings include junctional swelling with atypical cells located around the follicles, resembling caput medusae. Reflectance confocal microscopy is a very useful tool for diagnosing lentigo maligna.

To the best of our knowledge, there is no description on immunocytochemical study of sclerosing pneumocytoma (SP) using a cell transfer method. In this article, we report imprint cytological and immunocytochemical findings of SP. Three cases of SP possessing both imprint cytological and histological materials were examined. All tumors showed well-defined margin grossly. On microscopic examination, the tumor consisted of surface and stromal round cells. Cytologically, surface and stromal round cells showed fragments or clusters of papillary configuration with low N/C ratio and cell clusters of small to medium-sized cells with high N/C ration. Immunocytochemically, surface cells showed the positive reaction for surfactant apoprotein A (SPA), but stromal round cell exhibited the negative reaction for SPA. Cytologists and pathologists should steadily recognize cytological findings of surface and stromal round cells of SP. Immunocytochemistry of SPA may be useful in the discrimination of both cells. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:274-278. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma, also known as "peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor" (pPNET) belongs to a group of highly malignant tumors and is composed of small round cells of neuroectodermal origin. Its incidence is only about 4% of all soft tissue tumors. An infant with a gluteal swelling presenting like a lymphangioma is being described. Finally, on histopathology and immuno-histochemical analysis diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma was confirmed. Patient underwent surgical excision followed by chemotherapy. Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma masquerading as lymphangioma has not been reported. It is a highly aggressive tumor and is rare in infants.

Semen contains leucocytes and round cells, besides spermatozoa. The objective of this study was to identify whether the proteins from round cells and leucocytes affect the proteomic analysis of spermatozoa. Cryopreserved human sperm samples were divided into four groups: (1) samples with ≥1 × 106 /ml leucocytes unprocessed; (2) samples with ≥1 × 106 /ml leucocytes processed by 65% density centrifugation; (3) samples with round cells

A 51-year-old woman presented with severe dizziness. The brain magnetic resonance image revealed a 5.5 cm multiloculated mass with a thick rim in the left temporal lobe. Cytological examination of frozen diagnosis of the mass showed hypercellular sheets of round and rhabdoid cells in a hemorrhagic background, and two mitotic figures were observed. Histologically, the excised dura-based mass consisted of predominantly round cells with small foci of rhabdoid tumor cells in a pseudoalveolar pattern in a hemorrhagic background, and the cells showed nuclear positivity for signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 as well as frequent mitosis. The mass was diagnosed as a grade 3 solitary fibrous tumor (SFT)/hemangiopericytoma (HPC). The cytological diagnosis of SFT/HPC is challenging because of the heterogeneous cytological findings, such as histological heterogeneity, and because there are no standardized cytological criteria for malignant SFT/HPC. Cytological findings, such as singly scattered small cells, hypercellularity, rare ropy collagen, and round and rhabdoid cells with pseudoalveolar pattern, may assist in the diagnosis of malignant SFT/HPC.

In sperm proteomic experiments round cells and leukocyte proteins are profiled along with sperm proteome. The influence of round cell and leukocyte proteins on the sperm proteome has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to identify if the proteins from round cells, including leukocytes, interfere with the proteomic analysis of spermatozoa in frozen semen samples. Proteomic profiling of sperm was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in four groups: Group 1 contained neat semen with round cells and leukocytes &ge, 1 &times, 106/mL, group 2 contained neat semen with round cells &ge, 106/mL that was processed by 65% density gradient to remove the round cells and leukocytes, group 3 contained neat semen with round cells &lt, 106/mL, and group 4 contained neat semen with round cells &lt, 106/mL that was processed by 65% density gradient to remove the round cells. Pure leukocyte culture was used as control group. A total of 1638, 1393, 1755, and 1404 proteins were identified in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Comparative analysis of group 1 vs. 3 revealed 26 (1.18%) differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). On the other hand, only 6 (0.31%) DEPs were observed with group 2 vs. 4. Expression of these DEPs were either absent or very low in the control group. The results of our proteomics analysis failed to show any influence of non-spermatogenic round cell proteins on sperm proteome identification. These results validate the use of neat semen samples for sperm proteomic studies.