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Mnogi pacijenti s melanomom u ranom stadiju imaju povoljan ishod nakon kompletne kirurške resekcije. Liječenje ostaje izazov za pacijente s uznapredovalim metastatskim bolestima.Sve dijagnostičke metode imaju svoje prednosti i ograničenja. Kombinacija metoda dovodi do unapređenja dijagnostike i liječenja

Symptomatic vascular compression of the medulla oblongata causing brainstem dysfunction is rare. We herein describe a case of compression of the ventral and ventrolateral portion of the medulla oblongata and nervus hypoglossus by the elongated and tortuous vertebral arteries. The neurological symptoms and deficits which were the result of compression of the medulla oblongata were transient, while the signs of hypoglossal nerve palsy were persistent. The differential diagnosis of brainstem disfunction should take into consideration the possibility of vascular compression, especially in cases absent of typical ischemic vascular syndromes and the radiographic features of the lesions of the medulla oblongata.

How does anxiety and depression comorbid with climacteric symptoms in perimenopause influence on cognitive functions?

Rad je prospektivna studija na ženama perimenopauzalne i menopauzalne dobi sa procjenom depresije i kognitivnih funkcija.

Aim of the study was to determine changes in „emotional brain“ in first episode depressed perimenopausal women after 8 weeks of treatment with antidepressants, also to determine state of cognitive functions before and after antidepressant treatment. Methodology- Three perimenopausal women were tested with Green Climacteric Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Mini Mental State Examination, Sociodemographic questionnaire, also Magnetic Resonance of the brain was done at the beginning and after 8 weeks of treatment with antidepressants with special attention to the „emotional brain“. Results show us improvement of the climacteric symptoms and depressive simptomatology, lower scores on all applied scales, as well as improvement in cognitive functioning after 8 weeks of antidepressive therapy. Also on MR scans authors observed enlargement of the hipocampal area and basal ganglia. Conclusion: Antidepressants are efficient in the treatment of climacteric symptoms and cognitive functions as well as in the treatment of depressive symptoms, with evident anatomic correlates.

Određivanje vrijednosti dijagnostičkih referentnih razina omogućuje usporedbu s drugim centrima, optimizaciju postupaka i opreme te uočavanje abnormalnih situacija koje nose povećan rizik ozračivanja pacijenta.

Prikaz rijetkog slučaja ekstrakranijalnog parafaringealnog meningeoma.

Objectives: Carotid body tumors (CBT) are neuroendocrine neoplasias that belong to the group of extraadrenal paragangliomas of head and neck. They are rare neoplasms that represent less than 0, 5% of head and neck tumors. We report a case of 50-year old man with swelling anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle with no other clinical symptoms. Materials and Methods: Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples were performed and May-Grunvald- Giemsa (MGG) smears were prepared. Solid tissue was prepared in cell block and was obtained with Hemalaun-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical staining with SMA, EMSA desmin, chromogranin, synaptophysin, NSE and S-100. Results: A 50-year old non–hypertensive man, without syncope attack presented with a mass 3 cm in size, which had slowly been increasing in size over past 3 years. The computed tomography (CT) scan has confirmed carotid body tumor. Tumor was located anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Ultrasound guided FNA was done. The cytological slides showed clusters of epithelial cells partially in acinar pattern. Cells were round, dark nucleated with indistinct, pale syncytial cytoplasm in hemorrhagic background. In considering the localization and findings of other imaging technics a diagnose of carotid body tumor was concluded. Immunohistochemical stains demonstrated chromogranin, synaptophysin, NSE and S-100 positivity and the pathologist reported paraganglioma. Conclusion: As in preoperative diagnostic processing of suspected carotid body tumor it is not recommended to do the open biopsy due to possible hemorrhage, consequently FNA remains the reliable tissue diagnostic method combined with data and other ancillary imaging technics.

Ingvinalne hernije su jedna od najčešćih indikacija za operativni zahvat u dojenačkoj dobi. Cilj rada je prikazom slučajeva dojenčadi sa inkarceriranim gonadama u ingvinalnoj herniji prezentirati važnost ultrazvuka u preoperativnoj dijagnostici ingvinalne mase.