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The past decade has witnessed the rapid development of geospatial artificial intelligence (GeoAI) primarily due to the ground-breaking achievements in deep learning and machine learning. A growing number of scholars from cartography have demonstrated successfully that GeoAI can accelerate previously complex cartographic design tasks and even enable cartographic creativity in new ways. Despite the promise of GeoAI, researchers and practitioners have growing concerns about the ethical issues of GeoAI for cartography. In this paper, we conducted a systematic content analysis and narrative synthesis of research studies integrating GeoAI and cartography to summarize current research and development trends regarding the usage of GeoAI for cartographic design. Based on this review and synthesis, we first identify dimensions of GeoAI methods for cartography such as data sources, data formats, map evaluations, and six contemporary GeoAI models, each of which serves a variety of cartographic tasks. These models include decision trees, knowledge graph and semantic web technologies, deep convolutional neural networks, generative adversarial networks, graph neural networks, and reinforcement learning. Further, we summarize seven cartographic design applications where GeoAI have been effectively employed: generalization, symbolization, typography, map reading, map interpretation, map analysis, and map production. We also raise five potential ethical challenges that need to be addressed in the integration of GeoAI for cartography: commodification, responsibility, privacy, bias, and (together) transparency, explainability, and provenance. We conclude by identifying four potential research directions for future cartographic research with GeoAI: GeoAI-enabled active cartographic symbolism, human-in-the-loop GeoAI for cartography, GeoAI-based mapping-as-a-service, and generative GeoAI for cartography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent shifts in web map technology away from proprietary software and toward development on the Open Web Platform have increased the number and complexity of technical skills needed to do cartography on the Web. Web-based cartography curricula likewise must be adapted to prepare geography, cartography, and GIS students with the skills needed to make use of open source technology. This paper describes the design and evaluation of a novel curriculum for the laboratory component of a web mapping course offered by a university geography department. We drew from constructivist educational theory to create a scaffolded and spiralled lab curriculum that builds on prior understanding and progressively increases student independence and confidence. We evaluated the success of the new curriculum through an instructor log, student feedback on assignments, and an exit survey. The evaluation revealed significant growth in student abilities and confidence in the use of Open Web Platform-based mapping tools as a result of the curriculum scaffolding. This research provides a methodology for designing and evaluating curriculum around highly technical skills that are increasingly in demand in research, education, and industry careers.

Presents thoughts, contemplative disagreements, and hearty concurrences regarding the article "Alternatives To National Standards for Environmental Education: Process-Based Quality Assessment." Contains 14 references. (JRH)

Examines associations between the level of teacher preparation in environmental education (EE) and the level of implementation of EE in elementary school classrooms in Wisconsin and Ohio. Measures elementary school teachers' attitudes toward EE. Findings indicate that Wisconsin elementary teachers received more preservice EE preparation than Ohio teachers. (Author/SAH)

Assesses predictors of teachers' responsible environmental behavior (REB). Stepwise multiple-regression analysis showed that most of the parsimonious set of predictors of REB for all teachers included perceived knowledge of environmental-action strategies (KNOW), intention to act (IA), and perceived skill in using environmental-action strategies (SKILL). (Author/CCM)

Assesses the environmental literacy of secondary teachers via survey and analyzes predictors of teachers' responsible environmental behavior. Discusses implications for program development and instructional practice and makes recommendations for further research. Contains 69 references. (DDR)

Maps are a primary means for supporting information sharing and collaboration in emergency management and crisis situations. While a variety of formalized map symbol standards for emergency contexts exist, they have not been widely adopted by mapmakers. Informal symbol conventions are commonly used within emergency management stakeholder groups, but until now there has not been a flexible mechanism for discovering, sharing, and previewing these symbol sets among mapmakers. In this paper, we describe the design and development of the Symbol Store, a visually enabled, web-based interactive tool intended to help mapmakers share point symbols. The Symbol Store allows users to browse symbols by keyword, category tags, and contributors. It also allows for symbols to be previewed on realistic maps prior to download. An initial prototype of the Symbol Store was evaluated by flood mapping experts from the State of California, and the results of this user study led to multiple refinements now implemented in the public version of Symbol Store located at www.symbolstore.org. Keywords: map symbology; emergency management; web applications; standards, 1. Introduction Maps offer a critical form of communication and function as important analytical tools for distributing information in emergencies when it becomes necessary for stakeholders to develop a common [...]

Assesses the environmental knowledge and attitudes held by community leaders in the Hualien area of Taiwan. The overall level of environmental knowledge was determined to be moderately high and attitudes appear to be positive. Education level was the best predictor of environmental knowledge and attitudes. (Author/AIM)

Presented is a study designed to ascertain the level of ecological knowledge and attitudes of citizens of the Dominican Republic regarding national parks and natural resources. Overall, the level of ecological knowledge was determined to be very low and attitudes toward parks and resources seemed to be negative. (CW)

In this article we describe the potential utility of the card sorting method for structuring and refining large map symbol sets. Simply defined, card sorting requires that participants organize a set of items (i.e., cards) into categories according to some characteristic(s) of the cards (i.e., the sorting criterion). Card sorting has been proposed as a method for delineating categories by researchers and practitioners in a variety of disciplines due to its ability to identify and explicate real or perceived structures in an information space; despite this, there is little reported application of card sorting within cartography To facilitate application of card sorting to cartographic problems, we offer a framework that prescribes the appropriate experimental design settings for the method based on the stage in the design process and the goals of the study. We then demonstrate the utility of card sorting for cartography by describing a closed sorting study we conducted on the ANSI INCITS 415-2006 emergency mapping symbol standard. Our approach helped us identify several barriers to using the symbol standard, including areas of conceptual overlap among the categories included in the standard, potentially missing categories from the standard, and individual symbols in the standard that are consistently misclassified. KEYWORDS: Card sorting, categorization, grouping, map design, emergency mapping, user-centered design, ANSI INCITS 415-2006, INTRODUCTION Categorization is a fundamental way in which humans make sense of their world, and therefore is a critical way in which knowledge is organized (Abler et al. 1971; Lakoff [...]

Much recent research in GIScience is focused on developing deep comprehension of the underlying nature of uncertainty in order to design effective uncertainty representations that support informed decision-making. As it is impossible to eliminate all uncertainty from an abstracted representation, it is important to understand the involvement of uncertainty in the geographic information life cycle, the many forms that uncertainty can take, and the influence these forms have on decision-making. This paper examines the involvement and influence of geographic information uncertainty during decision-making, using the case study domain of floodplain mapping. A set of focus groups composed of floodplain mapping experts was conducted to provide initial insight into the following research questions: (1) How is uncertainty involved in the creation, representation, and use of geographic information in the domain of floodplain mapping and how can this practice be improved? (2) Is the MacEachren et al. typology an appropriate categorization of the many geographic information uncertainties in the domain of floodplain mapping or are there categories that must be added, removed, or revised? (3) Which categories of uncertainty are the most influential on the decision-making process in the domain of floodplain mapping? Although the focus groups revealed that the current involvement of geographic information uncertainty is less than ideal, there was clear consensus that the MacEachren et al. typology is an appropriate categorization of geographic information uncertainty for the domain of floodplain mapping and that the categories accuracy/ error, precision/resolution, and currency are the most influential on the decision-making process. KEYWORDS: Geographic information uncertainty, uncertainty categorization, decision-making, MacEachren et al. typology, floodplain mapping, Introduction 'We actually made a map of the country on the scale of a mile to a mile!' said Mein Herr. 'Have you used it much ?' I enquired. 'It [...]

This research addresses the impact of expertise on the use of uncertain geographic information, using the case study domain of floodplain mapping. An online survey was developed to gain insight into the possible differences between experts and novices. Fifty-six participants completed the survey in which they were required to assess the risk at an identified location in the landscape relative to three floodplain delineations, each carrying a different degree of certainty, and then report their perceived difficulty in making the assessment and their confidence in the assessment. The responses were examined across three realms of expertise (education/training, work experience, and self-reported) and for two classes of expertise (domain and map-use). The analysis found that user confidence is affected by both domain and map-use expertise, but it is domain expertise that most impacts risk assessment itself and map-use expertise that most impacts the perceived difficulty of the risk assessment. KEYWORDS: Geographic information uncertainty, expertise, risk assessment, decision making, user-centered design, floodplain mapping, Introduction This research speaks to two current trends within GIScience. One is demonstrated in the recent advances in geospatial technologies, particularly web-based applications and location-based services, which have improved the [...]

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100 ideas that changed graphic design, by Steven Heller and Veronique Vienne, London, Laurence King, 2012, 216 pp., $29.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-1856697941 I love cartography because it is both an [...]