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Background/Objectives: In this article, we present a literature review of methods used to measure the shaping ability of endodontic rotary files, including the selection of endodontic sample type (extracted teeth versus simulated blocks) and an imaging evaluation method. This review was conducted as background research to identify concerns that arise when designing research studies in this domain and propose how the field can plan more systematic studies going forward. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and e B-on databases, including studies published in English from January 2010 to June 2024. Only studies that specified in vitro or ex vivo methods for evaluating the endodontic performance of NiTi rotary files on canal transportation and centering ability were considered. Results: A total of 86 studies met the inclusion criteria from an initial pool of 651. Of these, 67 studies used extracted teeth, while 20 utilized simulated root canals in resin blocks. For evaluation methods, 55 studies employed Micro-Computed Tomography and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (MCT + CBCT), 30 used Double Digital Images/Radiographs/Photographs (DDIR + DDIP) with software analysis, 1 used both DDIR and MCT, 1 used high-precision nano-CT, and 1 used a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera. Conclusions: The findings indicate that the MCT method and its advanced variations appear superior in many cases for evaluating the quality of root canal instrumentation due to their ability to provide detailed three-dimensional images. We also discuss the pros and cons of other evaluation methods, including CBCT and DDIR. Finally, we identify important factors to consider for optimizing future cross-study comparisons. This work highlights the importance of being familiar with shaping ability assessment methods as new instruments are introduced to the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses one of the methods for reducing friction, used for newly developed rotary compressors as part of import substitution work. The experience of using rotary refrigeration compressors is analyzed and the main factors determining refrigeration capacity are identified. Methods used in aerospace engineering and power engineering to reduce friction and increase the service life of mechanical elements and assemblies using metallic and non-metallic materials have been identified, and the most promising materials and development trends have been analyzed. A fairly common method of reducing friction, based on the weariness effect, is chosen for study. Based on already known results, a technical solution based on the wear-free effect has been proposed to reduce friction of a refrigeration compressor with a rolling rotor.

The introduction of nickel–titanium rotary instruments revolutionized shaping procedures as they were able to produce a well-tapered preparation while reducing operator fatigue. The major drawback of rotary instruments was the high risk of fracture due to bending and torsional stress. Thus, the creation of a glide path has been advocated and recommended by most rotary instrument manufacturers. The aim of the present review is to summarize existing knowledge on glide path preparation and identify areas where further research is needed. The primary goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the techniques and instruments used in glide path preparation, highlighting their advantages and limitations. The secondary goal is to explore the effect of glide path creation on the overall success of endodontic treatment, particularly in terms of reducing procedural errors and improving treatment outcomes. An online search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, UCLA, and Scopus databases was conducted, and 116 articles were identified. Eligible articles were divided into nine categories based on what they researched and compared. The categories included centering ability and/or root canal transportation, cyclic fatigue resistance, glide path and shaping time, tortional stress resistance, apical extrusion of debris and/or bacteria, defects in dentine walls, file separation, postoperative pain assessment, and scouting ability and performance. Establishing a glide path reduces root canal transportation, especially with rotary methods. Reciprocating and heat-treated files offer higher fatigue resistance and shorter preparation time. Instruments with shorter pitch lengths have greater torsional strength. Preparation and coronal preflaring reduce apical debris and bacteria. Glide paths do not affect dentine microcracks, file separation, or defects but reduce immediate postoperative pain and improve cutting ability. Randomized trials are needed to assess their impact on treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the novel design of geometric rubbing profiles on rotary friction welding for enhanced mechanical clamping in joining dissimilar alloys such as copper and stainless steel 316L. The clamping behavior of rubbing profiles could hold the yielding of the weld joint to a maximum level. An innovative approach to effective mixing of the weldment zone could be achieved through the definition of rubbing profiles. The effective dispersion of dissimilar metallic phases could be governed by the geometrical profile in achieving the intermetallic SS-Cu phase. Variations were made in welding parameters like tool rotational speed, upset pressure, upset time, friction pressure, and friction time to find the appropriate process for the four different rubbing profiles, namely helical fluke, plus, cylindrical, and flat to achieve a reduction in micro and macro-structural defects with strong weld nugget. Results show that helical fluke rubbing profiles were seen to have explicit values like ultimate tensile strength of 217 MPa (upset pressure), elongation of 9.8 % (upset pressure), and average hardness of 125 HV (friction pressure) at the weld nugget. Microstructural characteristics prove that the formation of IMCs through grain size reduction such as cementite increases the Vickers hardness of the weldment.

Background/Objectives: In this article, we present a literature review of methods used to measure the shaping ability of endodontic rotary files, including the selection of endodontic sample type (extracted teeth versus simulated blocks) and an imaging evaluation method. This review was conducted as background research to identify concerns that arise when designing research studies in this domain and propose how the field can plan more systematic studies going forward. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and e B-on databases, including studies published in English from January 2010 to June 2024. Only studies that specified in vitro or ex vivo methods for evaluating the endodontic performance of NiTi rotary files on canal transportation and centering ability were considered. Results: A total of 86 studies met the inclusion criteria from an initial pool of 651. Of these, 67 studies used extracted teeth, while 20 utilized simulated root canals in resin blocks. For evaluation methods, 55 studies employed Micro-Computed Tomography and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (MCT + CBCT), 30 used Double Digital Images/Radiographs/Photographs (DDIR + DDIP) with software analysis, 1 used both DDIR and MCT, 1 used high-precision nano-CT, and 1 used a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera. Conclusions: The findings indicate that the MCT method and its advanced variations appear superior in many cases for evaluating the quality of root canal instrumentation due to their ability to provide detailed three-dimensional images. We also discuss the pros and cons of other evaluation methods, including CBCT and DDIR. Finally, we identify important factors to consider for optimizing future cross-study comparisons. This work highlights the importance of being familiar with shaping ability assessment methods as new instruments are introduced to the market.

The objective of this study was to document the milking efficiency of a sample of Irish dairy farms and to understand the effects of (1) seasonality, (2) management practices, (3) parlor infrastructure, and (4) parlor automations on milking efficiency metrics. A novel methodology based on empirical data from video cameras, infrastructure surveys, and milk yield data allowed for the accurate computation of milking efficiency metrics and quantification of the effects of seasonality, number of operators, and parlor automations on milking efficiency across 2 parlor types. The data for this study were collected over 2 periods: period 1 (July 28, 2020, to October 23, 2020, peak-late production) and period 2 (April 12, 2021, to May 19, 2021, early-peak production) from a sample of 16 herringbone and 10 rotary commercial Irish dairy farms. Milking efficiency was evaluated on each farm using 3 key performance indicators: (1) cows milked per hour (cows/h), (2) cows milked per operator per hour (cows/h per operator), and (3) liters of milk harvested per hour (L/h). Milking efficiency key performance indicators were calculated using "total process time," defined as the time between the first cow entering the holding yard and the end of the cleaning process. Average herd sizes for herringbone and rotary farms were 180 and 425 cows, respectively. Average system sizes for herringbone and rotary farms were 20 and 50 clusters, respectively. For herringbone farms, the average milking efficiency was 94 cows/h, 73 cows/h per operator, and 1,012 L/h, whereas rotary farms achieved an average milking efficiency of 170 cows/h, 132 cows/h per operator, and 1,534 L/h. Parlor size was strongly correlated with milking efficiency (cows/h) for herringbone parlors (0.91) but was only moderately correlated for rotary parlors (0.50). Hence, we documented the effect of parlor size on milking efficiency is relative to parlor type. Cluster utilization values on herringbone farms were 5 cows/cluster per h, 4 cows/cluster per operator per h, and 51 L/cluster per h, which were 67%, 33%, and 65% greater than rotary farms, respectively. We found for both herringbone and rotary farms hourly cow throughput (cows/h, cows/h per operator) were greatest during period 1 and that the volume of milk harvested per hour (L/h) was greatest for period 2. Thus, we documented an inverse seasonal relationship between hourly rates of cows milked and milk harvested. We observed that for herringbone farms, milking efficiency (cows/h, L/h) had a strong positive correlation (0.75, 0.74) with the levels of automation use. However, the minimal variation in automations used among rotary farms made it difficult to evaluate their effect on milking efficiency. Similarly, we found that the effect of automations on milking efficiency was dependent on parlor type. On average, a second operator at milking for both herringbone (H) and rotary (R) farms increased values for cows/h (+19%, H; +34%, R) and L/h (+21%, H; +12%, R) but lowered values for cows/h per operator (−35%, H; −12%, R). The holistic methodology applied in this study allowed us to add novel data to the literature by quantifying the effects of seasonality, the number of operators present at milking, and parlor automation use on milking efficiency across 2 parlor types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The introduction of nickel–titanium rotary instruments revolutionized shaping procedures as they were able to produce a well-tapered preparation while reducing operator fatigue. The major drawback of rotary instruments was the high risk of fracture due to bending and torsional stress. Thus, the creation of a glide path has been advocated and recommended by most rotary instrument manufacturers. The aim of the present review is to summarize existing knowledge on glide path preparation and identify areas where further research is needed. The primary goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the techniques and instruments used in glide path preparation, highlighting their advantages and limitations. The secondary goal is to explore the effect of glide path creation on the overall success of endodontic treatment, particularly in terms of reducing procedural errors and improving treatment outcomes. An online search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, UCLA, and Scopus databases was conducted, and 116 articles were identified. Eligible articles were divided into nine categories based on what they researched and compared. The categories included centering ability and/or root canal transportation, cyclic fatigue resistance, glide path and shaping time, tortional stress resistance, apical extrusion of debris and/or bacteria, defects in dentine walls, file separation, postoperative pain assessment, and scouting ability and performance. Establishing a glide path reduces root canal transportation, especially with rotary methods. Reciprocating and heat-treated files offer higher fatigue resistance and shorter preparation time. Instruments with shorter pitch lengths have greater torsional strength. Preparation and coronal preflaring reduce apical debris and bacteria. Glide paths do not affect dentine microcracks, file separation, or defects but reduce immediate postoperative pain and improve cutting ability. Randomized trials are needed to assess their impact on treatment outcomes.

This study explores the novel design of geometric rubbing profiles on rotary friction welding for enhanced mechanical clamping in joining dissimilar alloys such as copper and stainless steel 316L. The clamping behavior of rubbing profiles could hold the yielding of the weld joint to a maximum level. An innovative approach to effective mixing of the weldment zone could be achieved through the definition of rubbing profiles. The effective dispersion of dissimilar metallic phases could be governed by the geometrical profile in achieving the intermetallic SS-Cu phase. Variations were made in welding parameters like tool rotational speed, upset pressure, upset time, friction pressure, and friction time to find the appropriate process for the four different rubbing profiles, namely helical fluke, plus, cylindrical, and flat to achieve a reduction in micro and macro-structural defects with strong weld nugget. Results show that helical fluke rubbing profiles were seen to have explicit values like ultimate tensile strength of 217 MPa (upset pressure), elongation of 9.8 % (upset pressure), and average hardness of 125 HV (friction pressure) at the weld nugget. Microstructural characteristics prove that the formation of IMCs through grain size reduction such as cementite increases the Vickers hardness of the weldment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated in vitro the influence of nickel‐titanium instruments kinematics on the accuracy and variation of root canal working length measurements, performed with an integrated apex locator, at glide path and at the end of shaping. Forty‐four mandibular incisors, included in an alginate model, were allocated at random to two groups: reciprocating and rotary. Working length was determined at glide path stage and at the end of shaping. Measurements given by the integrated apex locator were matched with visual measurements. The apex locator accuracy was based on inter‐group comparison. The variation in working length was based on intra‐group comparison. Kinematics influenced the accuracy of measurements only after shaping (p < 0.05), and not in the glide path (p > 0.05). Rotary had values closer to the visual measurements. Diminishing of measures occurred after shaping for reciprocating (p < 0.05); and at glide‐path stage for rotary (p > 0.05). The integrated apex locator was more accurate with rotary kinematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: The surgical removal of mandibular third molar is frequently accompanied by significant postsurgical complications, and different protocols have been described to decrease such complications. The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative complications of mandibular impacted third molar removal with two conventional rotary and piezoelectric methods. Materials and Methods: In this study 27 patients with bilateral mandibular impacted third molars were selected. The patients’ teeth were extracted by the piezoelectric method on a random side and the opposite tooth was extracted by conventional rotary technique. On operation and post operation days, edema, pain, and mouth opening were assessed. The duration of each operation was also measured. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test and independent t-test. Results: The mean duration of operation in the rotary group was less than that of the piezoelectric group, which was statistically significant (P=0.001). Pain was significantly higher in the rotary group on days 0 to 5 (P0.05). Edema was significantly higher in the rotary group on the first, third, and fifth days after surgery (P

The current work investigates the relationship between the shape of an isolator of a concentric rotary piston compressor and the secondary peak pressure developed during each operating cycle. This peak pressure is developed when the piston passes through the isolator cavity, and it is negative for compressor efficiency. The aim of this paper is to identify the isolator cavity shape that minimizes this secondary peak to improve compressor efficiency. This study covers five different cavities that may be used in such compressors. Contrary to our expectations, the conclusion is that the best geometry is the one that can be manufactured with CNC machining. The geometry that can be manufactured with 3D printing also produces a significantly lower secondary peak pressure, but it is not cost-efficient. Another limitation of the 3D printing design is the thin walls that this cavity creates. Very thin walls may cause significant deformation during the compression cycle. The conclusion is that there is a CNC machining design that is cost-efficient and allows for higher compressor performance.

Objectives: This randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effect of two rotaries (ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PTUR)), D-Race (DR) + XP-Endo Finisher R (XPFR) and one reciprocating (Reciproc Blue (RB) retreatment techniques on the release of neuropeptides (Substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)), and cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) in periapical fluid in root canal retreatment of single-rooted teeth. Materials and methods: In this randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05039502), seventy-five patients scheduled for retreatment were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the file system used to remove root canal filling materials (n = 25): PTUR, RB, and DR + XPFR. After reshaping and disinfection of the root canals, periapical fluid samples were taken, and the levels of Substance P, CGRP, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and chi-square tests. The level of significance was set as p = 0. 05. Results: All the allocated participants received the intervention and were analyzed. There was no statistically significant difference among groups in terms of gender, age, tooth localization, and the distribution of analgesic use after treatment (p values 0.799, 0.095, 0.637, 1.000, respectively). No statistically significant difference was found in terms of the levels of Substance P, CGRP, and IL-10 among groups (p >.05), except IL-6. Conclusions: PTUR, RB, and DR + XPFR files have comparable results in the expression of inflammatory mediators. Clinical relevance: Retreatment files powered with rotary or reciprocating motion produced similar neuropeptide and cytokine levels in patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work investigates the relationship between the shape of an isolator of a concentric rotary piston compressor and the secondary peak pressure developed during each operating cycle. This peak pressure is developed when the piston passes through the isolator cavity, and it is negative for compressor efficiency. The aim of this paper is to identify the isolator cavity shape that minimizes this secondary peak to improve compressor efficiency. This study covers five different cavities that may be used in such compressors. Contrary to our expectations, the conclusion is that the best geometry is the one that can be manufactured with CNC machining. The geometry that can be manufactured with 3D printing also produces a significantly lower secondary peak pressure, but it is not cost-efficient. Another limitation of the 3D printing design is the thin walls that this cavity creates. Very thin walls may cause significant deformation during the compression cycle. The conclusion is that there is a CNC machining design that is cost-efficient and allows for higher compressor performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The rotary systems have found a common application in the clinical practice for the endodontic therapies. Hence, we compared three recent endodontic systems for the comparison of the dentine removal and the apical transportation particularly in the curved canals. Methods: Oneshape, Pro Taper Next, and Edgefile X3 were the three systems that were compared. Thirty maxillary mesio buccal canals of the human permanent teeth were compared due to its curved nature. The volume of dentin removed and apical transportation (mm) were measured using micro-computed tomographic imaging (mm). Both the coronal section and the entire canal length had their dentin removed in accordance with measurements. Total dentine removed, coronal dentine removed, and the canal transportations were compared for the three rotary file systems. The values were compared with appropriate statistical tests for evaluating the significance. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the three file systems for the dentin removed. The mean canal transportation was 0.33 ± 0.12, 0.21 ± 0.25, and 0.23 ± 0.21 mm, respectively, for Oneshape, Pro Taper Next, and Typhoon CM. In terms of statistics, there were no appreciable variations among the three rotary tools for apical transfer. Conclusions: The three rotary systems were comparable for the apical transportation and the dentine removal. Despite variations in the magnitude of apical enlargements, none of the instrumentation methods detected apical transportation.

Aim: Postoperative pain can be caused due to apical extrusion of debris following chemomechanical preparation. This study aimed to compare mechanized reciprocating stainless steel files and continuous rotary instrumentation with laser irradiation for postoperative pain in nonvital teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis. Methods: Ninety (n = 30) subjects were enrolled after obtaining written consent. In Group 1, continuous rotary instrumentation using Endostar E3 Azure files without laser irradiation, in Group 2, continuous rotary instrumentation using Endostar E3 Azure files with laser irradiation, and in Group 3, mechanized reciprocating instrumentation using K-Flex hand files in K-400 Reciprocating handpiece along with laser irradiation was carried out. Postoperative pain was recorded using Visual Analog Scale at baseline, 24, 48, and 72 h. Subjects requiring rescue medications were recorded. Kruskal–Wallis and Post hoc Tukey's test for intergroup group and pairwise comparison, respectively, and the Chi-square test for comparison of rescue medication were used. Results: The reduction in pain scores was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05, confidence interval 95%) in all three groups at all-time points. The order of maximum pain reduction was found to be most in Group 2, followed by Group 3 and Group 1. Nine, three, and six subjects required rescue medication in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Conclusion: Mechanized reciprocating handpiece instrumentation using K-flex files as well as continuous rotary instrumentation using NiTi rotary files along with laser therapy resulted in significantly lesser postoperative pain levels than with continuous rotation alone.

Abstract Background To compare the efficiency of endodontic rotary and reciprocating systems in removing calcium silicate-sealer based fillings and to investigate the impact of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) on their efficiency. Materials and methods 160 root-canals were instrumented, filled with gutta-percha and calcium silicate based-sealer and divided into 10 equal groups. Five groups in which the reciprocating systems (WaveOne-Gold, Reciproc-Blue and R-Motion) and rotary systems (Fanta-AF-One and Tango-Endo) were used to remove root-canals’ fillings. In the other five groups the fillings were removed by the same systems then additionally with PUI. The times to complete retreatments procedures were recorded. Micro-computed tomography’s analysis of the root-canals fillings’ volume before and after retreatments was used to determine the remaining filling materials (RFMs) volumes. Results The RFMs after using rotary systems (10.1%) was greater than after using reciprocating systems (3.8%) (P

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the operative and postoperative outcomes of the mandibular impacted third molar removal using piezoelectric technique and conventional rotary bur technique. Settings: The study was conducted in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery between January 1, 2019, and January 1, 2020. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients, with an age of 18-40 years, with asymptomatic bilateral impacted mandibular third molars, were selected for the study and randomly surgical extraction was done either using piezoelectric or the conventional rotary bur technique on each site. The intraoperative time taken, postoperative pain, swelling, and trismus were assessed over a follow-up period of 7 days postoperatively. Results: Study and control groups were compared using paired t-test. There was statistical significance in reduction of pain and swelling in the study group where the duration of surgery was increased in the study group. Conclusion: Even if piezoelectric technique takes more time but can be used safely as another technique to conventional surgical method with surgical bur and handpiece for removal of impacted mandibular third molars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the canal transportation and centering ability of rotary and reciprocating file systems using cone-beam computed tomography. Materials and Methods: Mesiobuccal canals of sixty mandibular molars were selected for the study. Canals of length 19 mm, curvature of 10°-12°, and uncalcified with fully formed apex were selected. Canals were randomly divided into three groups of 20 teeth, and canal preparation with the WaveOne Gold, TruNatomy, and One Curve systems was performed according to the manufacturers' instructions. Cone-beam computed tomographic images were taken before and after instrumentation in the same position for comparative analysis. Statistical Analysis Used: Apical transportation was calculated at the distances of 2, 3, and 4 mm from the apex. Tukey's post hoc test and unpaired "t"-tests were used to statistically analyze the data. Results: WaveOne Gold caused less canal transportation and better-centering ability than TruNatomy and One Curve at all the three levels; there was a significant difference in canal transportation and centering ability among all the groups as well as all the three levels, i.e., 2, 3, and 4 mm from the apex. Conclusion: WaveOne Gold (Reciprocating) reported less canal transportation and better-centering ability than rotary instruments TruNatomy and One Curve (Rotary) at all the three levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Optimal biomechanical preparation, thorough irrigation, proper disinfection, and finally, well-sealed obturation is a must to attain definitive success in root canal procedure. Proper preparation of the root canal is all the more imperative to establish a hermetic apical seal with adequately placed filling materials. The present study was conducted for comparing the Cleaning Efficiency of F360 system and the WaveOne Gold (WOG) system of rotary NiTi instrumentation for a root canal. Materials and Methods: One hundred freshly extracted noncarious mandibular canines were obtained. Access cavity of standard size was made followed by the establishment of working length. Afterward, random division of all the specimens was done into two study groups: group A: the group in which F360 system was used for instrumentation and group B: the group in which the WOG system was used for instrumentation. Irrigations of all the specimens of both the study groups were done followed by root canal shaping by the instrument system of their respective study groups. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for assessment after specimens were cut buccolingually. Debris score and residual smear layer score were used for assessment. Results: Among group A specimens, the mean smear layer score at the coronal third, middle third, and apical third was 1.76, 2.39, and 2.65, respectively. Among group B specimens, the mean smear layer score at the coronal third, middle third, and apical third was 1.34, 1.59, and 1.92, respectively. While analyzing statistically, it was seen that the mean smear layer score was significantly higher among specimens of group A in comparison to group B. While analyzing statistically, it was seen that the mean debris score was significantly higher among specimens of group A in comparison to group B. Conclusion: The cleaning effectiveness of WOG instruments was significantly enhanced in comparison to F360 equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Postoperative pain can be caused due to apical extrusion of debris following chemomechanical preparation. This study aimed to compare mechanized reciprocating stainless steel files and continuous rotary instrumentation with laser irradiation for postoperative pain in nonvital teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis. Methods: Ninety (n = 30) subjects were enrolled after obtaining written consent. In Group 1, continuous rotary instrumentation using Endostar E3 Azure files without laser irradiation, in Group 2, continuous rotary instrumentation using Endostar E3 Azure files with laser irradiation, and in Group 3, mechanized reciprocating instrumentation using K-Flex hand files in K-400 Reciprocating handpiece along with laser irradiation was carried out. Postoperative pain was recorded using Visual Analog Scale at baseline, 24, 48, and 72 h. Subjects requiring rescue medications were recorded. Kruskal-Wallis and Post hoc Tukey's test for intergroup group and pairwise comparison, respectively, and the Chi-square test for comparison of rescue medication were used. Results: The reduction in pain scores was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05, confidence interval 95%) in all three groups at all-time points. The order of maximum pain reduction was found to be most in Group 2, followed by Group 3 and Group 1. Nine, three, and six subjects required rescue medication in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Conclusion: Mechanized reciprocating handpiece instrumentation using K-flex files as well as continuous rotary instrumentation using NiTi rotary files along with laser therapy resulted in significantly lesser postoperative pain levels than with continuous rotation alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: The surgical removal of mandibular third molar is frequently accompanied by significant postsurgical complications, and different protocols have been described to decrease such complications. The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative complications of mandibular impacted third molar removal with two conventional rotary and piezoelectric methods. Materials and Methods: In this study 27 patients with bilateral mandibular impacted third molars were selected. The patients' teeth were extracted by the piezoelectric method on a random side and the opposite tooth was extracted by conventional rotary technique. On operation and post operation days, edema, pain, and mouth opening were assessed. The duration of each operation was also measured. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test and independent t-test. Results: The mean duration of operation in the rotary group was less than that of the piezoelectric group, which was statistically significant (P=0.001). Pain was significantly higher in the rotary group on days 0 to 5 (P<0.05). Whereas, difference in pain on day 6 was not statistically significant (P=0.067). There was no significant difference between the two groups in each day after surgery regarding mouth opening (P>0.05). Edema was significantly higher in the rotary group on the first, third, and fifth days after surgery (P<0.05). Also, edema was higher in the rotary group on the seventh day after surgery, but not statistically significant (P=0.076). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that pain and swelling in patients after impacted tooth surgery using time consuming piezoelectric technique can be reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This systematic review aims to discuss the shaping properties and outcomes of nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary and reciprocation systems assessed by micro-computed tomography. Data source: A literature search was conducted in PubMed and SCOPUS database until April 2018 to identify investigations examining the shaping properties and outcomes of rotary and reciprocation NiTi systems using micro-computed tomography. In addition, a quality assessment was undertaken for the included studies. Results: A total of 1,110 titles were identified in the literature search. After removal of duplicates, 25 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Quality assessment showed that 17 studies were of low risk of bias. Six shaping properties and outcomes including centering ability, transportation, untouched canal walls, canal surface area and volume, microcrack formation, and debris accumulation were discussed. Conclusions: The use of the same system in rotary or reciprocation motions and reciprocating single file systems have comparable transportation and centering ability. No difference was observed between rotary and reciprocation systems/motions in surface area and volume of the canal changes. Untouched canal walls and accumulation of debris remained controversial. No relationship was found between kinematics of instrumentation and the formation of dentinal cracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To compare the efficiency of endodontic rotary and reciprocating systems in removing calcium silicate-sealer based fillings and to investigate the impact of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) on their efficiency. Materials and methods: 160 root-canals were instrumented, filled with gutta-percha and calcium silicate based-sealer and divided into 10 equal groups. Five groups in which the reciprocating systems (WaveOne-Gold, Reciproc-Blue and R-Motion) and rotary systems (Fanta-AF-One and Tango-Endo) were used to remove root-canals' fillings. In the other five groups the fillings were removed by the same systems then additionally with PUI. The times to complete retreatments procedures were recorded. Micro-computed tomography's analysis of the root-canals fillings' volume before and after retreatments was used to determine the remaining filling materials (RFMs) volumes. Results: The RFMs after using rotary systems (10.1%) was greater than after using reciprocating systems (3.8%) (P < 0.001). The RFMs after using WOG (2%) and RB systems (2.6%) were less than those in the RM (6.8%), TE (9.5%) and FAFO (10.7%) systems [P < 0.05]. The times required to remove the filling materials using the TE (3.7 min), FAFO (4.1 min) and RM (4.1 min) systems were shorter than those required by the RB (5.4 min) and WOG (4.9 min) systems [P < 0.05]. Using PUI resulted in less RFMs (1.44%) when compared to using only rotary or reciprocating systems (6.27%) [P < 0.001]. Conclusions: Endodontic reciprocation systems were more effective, but needed longer times than rotary systems in removing calcium silicate based- sealers fillings. The PUI significantly improved removal of the root-canals' filling materials. Clinical relevance: Reciprocating systems and PUI are recommended whenever root-canals retreatment is considered regardless of using calcium silicate-based sealers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Tardy ulnar nerve palsy is a common late complication of traumatic cubitus valgus. At present, the treatment of tardy ulnar nerve palsy associated with traumatic cubitus valgus is still controversial, whether these two problems can be corrected safely and effectively in one operation is still unclear. To investigate the supracondylar shortening wedge rotary osteotomy combined with in situ tension release of the ulnar nerve in the treatment of tardy ulnar nerve palsy associated with traumatic cubitus valgus. Methods Between 2012 and 2019, 16 patients who had traumatic cubitus valgus deformities with tardy ulnar nerve palsy were treated with simultaneous supracondylar shortening wedge rotary osteotomy and ulnar nerve in situ tension release. we compared a series of indicators of preoperative and postoperative follow-up for at least 24 months, (1) elbow range of motion; (2) the radiographic correction of the preoperative and postoperative humerus-elbow-wrist angles; (3) the static two-point discrimination and grip strength; and (4) the preoperative and postoperative DASH scores of upper limb function. The minimum follow-up was 24 months postoperative (mean, 33 months; range, 24 ~ 44 months). Results The mean ROM was improved from 107 ° preoperatively to 122 ° postoperatively (P = 0.001). The mean preoperative elbow wrist angle was 24.6 °, and the mean postoperative humerus-elbow wrist angle was 12.1 ° (P

Inspired by several other surgical disciplines, the quest for treating diseases through minimally invasive procedures has permeated endodontics, but not without controversy. Indeed, pulp amputation/excision and root‐end resection are akin to surgical procedures elsewhere in the body and therefore, an increasing number of studies have addressed the "potential" to adopt such minimally invasive procedures in root canal treatment, with the larger goal of conserving tooth tissue for long‐term survival of treated teeth. Yet, it is undeniable that this "trend" has been met with immense resistance with unclear evidence to strongly support or refute this philosophy. One may view root canal treatment as having two important procedural parts: (i) gaining access to the root canal and (ii) achieving clean root canals to remove the necrotic/infected or irreversibly inflamed tissues and then fill the space that was occupied by the pulp tissue and subsequently enlarged during cleaning and shaping, which should result in two key long‐term outcomes: (i) healing of periradicular periodontitis and (ii) survival/retention of the tooth. Whilst a lot of interest has been directed towards gaining access through minimally invasive cavity designs, it is surprising that little effort has been expended on studying minimally invasive root canal preparation or surgical intervention. The aim of this review is not to promote or denigrate these philosophies, but to provide a balanced overview of the concepts, currently available evidence and future perspectives on minimally invasive endodontics from the context of root canal preparation and surgical endodontics. Specific attention is given to the role of modern irrigation strategies in potentially improving canal cleanliness even when canals are minimally prepared and the areas of research that are currently lacking in this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of rotary file in permanent teeth is well-documented, but there is limited scientific evidence for its effectiveness in primary teeth. A meta-analysis was conducted to compare rotary and manual tools in primary tooth pulpectomy procedures. Ten databases were searched from 2000 to 2024 to find relevant literature. The Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) tool assessed bias in randomised control trials. STATA software version 18 conducted the meta-analysis. A random-effects model was used for instrumentation time and obturation quality evaluation while sensitivity analysis followed high heterogeneity detection. Twenty RCTs were included after screening 723 studies. Publication bias and heterogeneity were found for instrumentation time, leading to removal of nine studies. Significant difference in mean instrumentation time (1.42) was noted. Obturation quality assessment showed an odds ratio of 1.82. Use of rotary instrumentation yielded superior outcomes compared with manual instrumentation for pulpectomy for primary teeth., (© 2024 Australian Society of Endodontology Inc.)

Abstract Background The transformation temperatures were important values, influencing the mechanical properties and clinical performance of nickel-titanium instruments. The aim of this study was to determine the transformation temperatures of three rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments: Reciproc, HyFlex CM Pro, and Neoniti before and after simulated clinical uses. Methods Ninety new NiTi instruments of three single-file instruments: Reciproc, HyFlex CM Pro, and Neoniti were divided into three groups. Thirty instruments of each group were divided into 3 subgroups (10 instruments for each subgroup): new, one-time simulated clinical used and sterilised, and three times simulated clinical used and sterilized subgroups. The instruments were in the as-received condition for the new subgroups, one time used in the plastic endo-training blocks and sterilised for the one-time subgroups, and three times used in the plastic endo-training blocks and sterilised for the three times subgroups. Each instrument in subgroups was cut into four small segments of 4–5 mm. All segments of instruments were analysed using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Data was collected and analysed using SPSS version 20.0 with ANOVA test or Kruskal–Wallis test at the significant level of 0.05. Results There was not significant difference between before and after simulated clinical use with sterilised procedure in three NiTi instrument systems. The austenite-finish (Af) temperatures of three instrument systems were higher than that of the human body (37 °C), of these, the Af temperature of Neoniti was highest and that of HyFlex CM Pro was lowest. Conclusions The austenite-finish (Af) temperatures of three NiTi instruments were higher than that of human body temperature, therefore, material was in the phase transformation from martensite to austenite, gives the instruments more flexibility when used in the clinical situation.

Objective: To investigate technical outcome and time efficiency, using ProTaper Universal (PTU) or ProTaper Next (PTN) rotary nickel titanium (NiTi) files, to prepare simulated canals, by undergraduate dental students. Methods: Sixty-six students were randomly assigned to two groups. Both groups prepared two endodontic blocks (n = 66) using PTU and PTN in crossover design. Preparation time was also recorded. The blocks were photographed under magnification and were assessed for procedural errors by two different observers. Data were recorded and analysed by descriptive statistics, generalised mixed model and analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS. Results: The different file systems had a significant effect on the presence or absence of procedural errors, with a significance value of P < 0.001. More successful preparation was achieved with PTN (89%) than PTU (37.5%). There were a total number of procedural errors of n = 58.The highest incidence of procedural errors by different file systems was transportation. The PTU showed 24 transportation errors out of a total of 51 errors and the PTN showed five transportation errors out of a total of seven. PTN demonstrated the quickest mean time of preparation with a P value of P < 0.001. Conclusion: In the hands of novice operators, PTN showed a lower incidence of procedural errors and better time efficacy during instrumentation of simulated canals, compared with PTU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A considerable reduction in greenhouse gas emissions may be achieved if hydrogen is injected to the European gas networks, but accuracy of billing must be ensured. This paper presents the results for accuracy testing on seven domestic and one commercial gas meter. The domestic meters were calibrated by two different laboratories, at atmospheric pressure using various gases including hydrogen, methane and mixtures of hydrogen with methane. A third laboratory performed calibrations on a rotary gas meter with hydrogen and hydrogen/natural gas mixtures at two test pressures: 9 and 16 bar. For the domestic meter tests, consistent results were obtained from both facilities. Most meters tested met the accuracy requirements of the applicable standards. Whilst the error curves differed for each test gas, errors for hydrogen or hydrogen/methane blends were comparable with the other test gases. For the calibrations of the rotary gas meter, differences in the error curves between natural gas and the hydrogen/natural gas mixture were smaller than the measurement uncertainty of the test facility and therefore considered metrologically insignificant. • 2 new calibration facilities were built for domestic gas meters, 0–100% hydrogen. • Natural gas calibration facility for industrial gas meters, using 0–20% hydrogen. • Calibration results presented for diaphragm, thermal mass and rotary gas meters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of apical microleakage following the fracture of five types of nickel-titanium rotary file systems (ProTaper Universal, Mtwo, RaCe, Revo-s, HeroShaper) in the apical one-third of the canal. Materials and Methods: In this laboratory experiment, 49 mandibular premolars were collected and randomly divided into seven groups. Root canal treatment was performed by five different rotary file systems with different cross-sections. All files, except in the control groups, were scratched at the 3-mm end by a handpiece. After separation of the apical end of the file in the root canal, the apical seal was measured, using the fluid infiltration technique. Data were analyzed in SPSS, using one-way ANOVA and Tamhane's T2 tests at P < 0.05. Results: The Hero Shaper and RaCe files showed the highest (3.14 µL/min) and the lowest (2.51 µL/min) rates of microleakage over time, respectively. There were significant differences between the Hero Shaper and RaCe files and between Hero Shaper and ProTaper files in terms of microleakage (Tamhane's T2 tests, P < 0.05) Conclusion: The presence of a separated file and its cross-section type affects the apical microleakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tardy ulnar nerve palsy is a common late complication of traumatic cubitus valgus. At present, the treatment of tardy ulnar nerve palsy associated with traumatic cubitus valgus is still controversial, whether these two problems can be corrected safely and effectively in one operation is still unclear. To investigate the supracondylar shortening wedge rotary osteotomy combined with in situ tension release of the ulnar nerve in the treatment of tardy ulnar nerve palsy associated with traumatic cubitus valgus.Methods: Between 2012 and 2019, 16 patients who had traumatic cubitus valgus deformities with tardy ulnar nerve palsy were treated with simultaneous supracondylar shortening wedge rotary osteotomy and ulnar nerve in situ tension release. we compared a series of indicators of preoperative and postoperative follow-up for at least 24 months, (1) elbow range of motion; (2) the radiographic correction of the preoperative and postoperative humerus-elbow-wrist angles; (3) the static two-point discrimination and grip strength; and (4) the preoperative and postoperative DASH scores of upper limb function. The minimum follow-up was 24 months postoperative (mean, 33 months; range, 24 ~ 44 months).Results: The mean ROM was improved from 107 ° preoperatively to 122 ° postoperatively (P = 0.001). The mean preoperative elbow wrist angle was 24.6 °, and the mean postoperative humerus-elbow wrist angle was 12.1 ° (P < 0.001). The average grip strength and static two-point discrimination improved from 21 kgf and 8 mm to 28 kgf and 4.0 mm (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The ulnar nerve symptoms were improved in all patients except one. The mean HASH score improved from 29 to 16 (P < 0.001).Conclusion: Supracondylar shortening wedge rotary osteotomy combined with in situ tension release of ulnar nerve is an effective method for the treatment of traumatic cubitus valgus with tardy ulnar nerve palsy, which restored the normal biomechanical characteristics of the affected limb and improved the elbow joint function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of supplementary file system in the removal of gutta-percha and sealer from the root canal system. Subjects and Methods: Forty-five oval single-rooted mandibular premolars were prepared up to size F2 (DENTSPLY ProTaper) and obturated with gutta-percha and sealer and randomly divided into Group I, Group II and Group III (n = 15). Each group was retreated with ProTaper retreatment files and then additionally retreated with Supplementary files, XP EndoFinisher R file, ProTaper F3 and F4 and WaveOne large, respectively. The cone-beam computed tomography scans were taken after obturation, during the first stage retreatment and second stage retreatment to compare the volume of root filling residue that remained after different stages of retreatment. Statistical Analysis Used: ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison tests were used to compare the data. Results: Group I exhibited least root canal residue (P < 0.01) as compared to Group II and Group III that were statistically similar (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The ProTaper retreatment files, coupled with XP EndoFinisher R file, results in the better removal of the root canal fillings during endodontic retreatment procedure.

This paper presents a study conducted at major rotaries for quantifying the traffic noise levels by considering the vehicle volume and their respective honking as governing parameters for heterogeneous traffic. Traffic volume and traffic noise data was collected using a digital video camera and a class 1 sound level meter, respectively. The traffic noise data was analysed using noise tools for identifying the noise level variation. The data collected was subjected to statistical analysis for light, medium and heavy vehicles, and their contribution towards noise levels is proven to be effective with the forthright fact that, heavy vehicles and their corresponding honking were majorly affecting the equivalent noise level compared to other vehicular proportion. An equivalent noise level [LAeq (dB)] rise of 2 to 6 dB (A) is solely caused by heavy vehicles, which is an important observation to be considered for traffic noise analysis at the rotaries. Based on the obtained results from one of the rotaries, noise prediction model is developed for estimating the LAeq (dB), which is able to predict the noise levels with good precision when validated with the data collected at second rotary intersection for different vehicle volumes.

Aim: To evaluate the various kinematic effects of WaveOne Gold reciprocating file system such as 150°° counterclockwise (CCW)–30°° clockwise (CW), 270°° CCW–30°° CW, 360°° CCW–30°° CW, and continuous rotation and the influence of reciprocating and continuous rotary motions of the same file system on the apical extrusion of debris. Materials and Methods: Sixty mandibular premolars were selected. Instrumentation of the canals was done using WaveOne Gold single-file reciprocating systems and grouped into four groups as follows: Group I – 150°° CCW–30°° CW; Group II – 270°° CCW–30°° CW; Group III – 360°° CCW–30°° CW; and Group IV – continuous rotation. The debris extruded through the apical foramen was collected, dried, and weighed, and the raw data thus obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance and least significant difference post hoc tests (P = 0.05). Results: The mean value for the difference of debris extrusion for the four groups was as follows: Group I: 0.0023 ± 0.002 g, Group II: 0.0071 ± 0.0049 g, Group III: 0.0029 ± 0.002 g, and Group IV: 0.0019 ± 0.002 g. The mean value depicted that the manufacturer recommended reciprocation kinematics (Group I) and the continuous rotation (Group IV) extruded less debris than compared to the other two. The intergroup comparison showed that there were significant differences between Group II and III but no significant differences between Group I and IV. Conclusions: Debris extrusion is inevitable. However, the manufacturer prescribed kinematics 150°° CCW–30°° CW and 270°° CCW–30°° CW extruded less debris than compared with the other two groups.

Aim This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of fractures in a new single-file reciprocating system used by endodontists. Methods Reciprocal systems were used to evaluate endodontist-treated patients' periapical radiographs and dental records. For the study, the kind of tooth, the quantity of root canals completed, the quantity of broken instruments, and the fragment's size were all recorded. A fracture risk calculation was made for every kind of tooth, root canal, and root third. The new reciprocating systems' fracture incidence was compared at a 5% significant level using the chi-squared test varied between 2 and 6 mm. Results There were a total of 5,066 root canals (2,128 teeth) from 1,818 patients. In single-file reciprocating systems, the incidence of fractured files relative to the number of instrumented canals was 22 (0.43%). The mesiobuccal root canal of mandibular molars and maxillary molars had the greatest breakage rates, which were 7 (36%) and 6 (27%), respectively. Conclusion The incidence of instrument fractures was lowered when linked to the usage of the Premium Blue reciprocating system in endodontic therapy., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Algarni et al.)

Aim: This randomized clinical trial aimed to assess the effect of two rotary (ProTaper Retreatment + ProTaper Gold and Hyflex EDM) and two reciprocating (Reciproc Blue and WaveOne Gold) NiTi systems on postoperative pain after root canal retreatment on single‐rooted incisor teeth. Methodology: One hundred and eighty patients scheduled for root canal retreatment were randomly assigned to one of the four groups according to the NiTi system (ProTaper Retreatment + ProTaper Gold, Hyflex EDM, Reciproc Blue or WaveOne Gold) used for the removal of root canal fillings and further canal preparation. The working length was determined to be 1 mm shorter than the '0.0' mark of the apex locator. Root canals were filled with gutta‐percha and an epoxy resin‐based root canal sealer using a lateral compaction technique. The teeth were restored using a resin composite material. A single operator performed the retreatments in a single visit. The incidence and intensity of postoperative pain were rated on a numeric rating scale by patients 24, 48 and 72 h after retreatment. The number of analgesic tablets (400 mg Ibuprofen) taken by patients was also recorded. Data were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U, Wilcoxon and chi‐square tests. Results: For the intensity of postoperative pain, the difference between the four groups was not significantly different (p >.05). No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of analgesic medication intake (p >.05). Conclusions: The rotary and reciprocating NiTi systems tested in this study were associated with similar intensity of postoperative pain and intake of analgesics following root canal retreatment on single‐rooted incisor teeth completed in one visit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The transformation temperatures were important values, influencing the mechanical properties and clinical performance of nickel-titanium instruments. The aim of this study was to determine the transformation temperatures of three rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments: Reciproc, HyFlex CM Pro, and Neoniti before and after simulated clinical uses. Methods: Ninety new NiTi instruments of three single-file instruments: Reciproc, HyFlex CM Pro, and Neoniti were divided into three groups. Thirty instruments of each group were divided into 3 subgroups (10 instruments for each subgroup): new, one-time simulated clinical used and sterilised, and three times simulated clinical used and sterilized subgroups. The instruments were in the as-received condition for the new subgroups, one time used in the plastic endo-training blocks and sterilised for the one-time subgroups, and three times used in the plastic endo-training blocks and sterilised for the three times subgroups. Each instrument in subgroups was cut into four small segments of 4–5 mm. All segments of instruments were analysed using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Data was collected and analysed using SPSS version 20.0 with ANOVA test or Kruskal–Wallis test at the significant level of 0.05. Results: There was not significant difference between before and after simulated clinical use with sterilised procedure in three NiTi instrument systems. The austenite-finish (Af) temperatures of three instrument systems were higher than that of the human body (37 °C), of these, the Af temperature of Neoniti was highest and that of HyFlex CM Pro was lowest. Conclusions: The austenite-finish (Af) temperatures of three NiTi instruments were higher than that of human body temperature, therefore, material was in the phase transformation from martensite to austenite, gives the instruments more flexibility when used in the clinical situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The objective of this study was to measure the number of cycles to fracture of four continuous or reciprocating rotary nickel-titanium instruments in different materials. Methods: A total of 40 nickel-titanium instruments were used for the present study. Instruments were divided into four groups (n=10): group 1, Revo-S SU; group 2, ProTaper Next X2; group 3, Reciproc R25; group 4, WaveOne Gold Primary. An artificial stainless-steel was used to test the cyclic fatigue of the instruments. The instruments were introduced into the stainless-steel canal, one at a time, until they reached the other end, then they were rotated inside the canal without in-out motion. The time from the beginning of instrument rotation until the occurrence of breakage was recorded. The number of rotated cycles to fracture of the instrument were calculated based on the revolutions per minute (rpm) of each instrument and the recorded rotated time. The mean number of cycles to fracture and standard deviations were calculated and statistically analysed. Results: The number of cycles to fracture of the Revo-S SU was the lowest, and that of the WaveOne Gold Primary was highest. Scanning electronic microscope images of fracture surfaces revealed the characteristics of fatigue. Conclusions: The number of cycles to fracture of the reciprocating WaveOne Gold Primary system was the highest amongst the tested instruments.

Introduction: Cyclic fatigue resistance of rotary endodontic instruments has been extensively studied in the last two decades, yet with no standardization. While new low-cost instruments are now manufactured, a standard is lacking to guarantee a minimum quality. This study aimed to validate a new model for CF testing through a fixture proposed for ISO Specification 3630-1 and to establish a minimum quality standard based on testing conditions and material characteristics.Materials and methods: Size 25/0.06 instruments of ProFile Vortex (PF) and Vortex Blue (VB) were run until failure in curved metallic fixtures (5 or 7.5 mm radius) built according to a proposal for an additional test for the ISO 3630-1 standard. High resolution videos were recorded, number of cycles to failure (NCF) registered and apical fragments measured with a digital caliper. Surface strain was determined from test dimensions and fragment lengths. Mean life, β and η parameters were calculated with Weibull analysis. NCF data were compared using student's t-tests and referenced to a minimum required cycles at fracture (Cmin) based on austenite finish temperatures, testing temperature and deformation.Results: VB instruments were statistically more resistant than PF in both 7.5 mm radius curve (p = 0.001) and 5 mm radius curve (p = 0.002) simulated canals. Weibull probability plots showed higher mean life for VB than PV. NCF for both instruments were higher than Cmin.Conclusions: The NCF results in this study support the findings of previous studies where VB and PF were compared. The novel test design appears a suitable addition to ISO 3630-1.