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Copyright of Journal of Central European Agriculture is the property of Journal of Central European Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Apple is one of the basic components in modern human nutrition. They are almost the only food ready prepared in nature, which can be eaten without other additives, either fresh or processed. Apple ranks first among fruit species grown in the temperate zone. The fruits are resistant to handling and transport. In this experiment we studied the biometric and physiological indices of twogapple varieties with different origins from western Romania zone. Compared to the imposed standards on diameter, both imported and domestic varieties fall into the Extra category, except for the Golden Varciorova variety which falls into category I. In order to observe the starch/glucose content following the AI test, it was found that all the samples show indicator 9, which reveals the increased amount of glucose, so that all varieties fall into the category of overripe fruits. Compared to the standard values regarding the maturity degree for apple varieties, it is observed that all the local varieties, both Golden and Idared, Arad and Varciorova fall into the Excellent category, according to the Brix index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Materials / Revista Romana de Materiale is the property of Foundation for Materials Science & Engineering Serban Solacolu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Materials / Revista Romana de Materiale is the property of Foundation for Materials Science & Engineering Serban Solacolu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper analyses the compressive strength of problematic soils as marlstone, limestone, and brown clay in Jordan, considering the capacity to use the fly ash residue obtained from the combustion of oil shale as a cement-like material for building works contributing in minimizing the environmental impact of the expected huge output of solid waste resulting from the retort residue of the oil shale rocks. After blending soils collected from Jordan with both fly ash at different percentages (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%), and cement (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) their compressive strength is compared. Mixtures of problematic Jordanian soils stabilized with 20-30% fly ash fulfil the acceptability conditions to be used as sub-base layers in road building works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of a rural area is conditioned by the stimulation of farms practicing the multi-functionality and diversification of agricultural production from which agricultural products are sold, the environmental protection and the welfare of animals. Rural development is an integrated concept and action that involves a multidisciplinary, intersectoral and territorial (regional) methodological approach. Cluj County has a number of competitive advantages in the field of agriculture, which can be capitalized in the future. It has 153,637 hectares of pastures and 85,636 hectares of hay fields, favorable to the development of a strong husbandry sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic performances of livestock units are influenced on the one hand by the particularities of agriculture as well as by the decisions regarding the use of the capita held by them. The analysis of the financial situation at the level of the unit shows first of all the mastery with which the manager manages his business, how efficiently the capital is used, whether the best and most profitable financial decisions were taken, also shows if the firm can be independent from the point of view financial perspective and whether it can finance its own investments by its own efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal nutrition is a very large area of study where mathematical modeling is a success, as in many areas. In addition to shaping the main physiological processes underlying the farm animals yielding, the objective function optimization issue (i.e. total expenditure on fodder) arises both in terms of protein and vitamin's intake of nutrients and in terms of their cost. Optimising feed rations through mathematical modeling monitors the amount of food an animal needs throughout the day, so that the objective function (also called goal function of efficiency function) be minimum or maximum depending on the problem requirements. In order to solve mathematical model one needs fodder varieties that are part of the fodder basis and this feed (in kg) must be purchased or produced, and the solving method we use is the Solver tool of Microsoft Office Excel software. In order to optimize the objective function one should observe the following restrictions concerning the provisioning of total feed expressed in nutrients: provisioningof the necessary fodder by groups of fodder, observing proportions in fodder structure by groups of fodder, complying with fodderplants culture technologies and taking into account the availability of land designated for the forage and fodder crops. The mathematical model consists of three parts: the system of restrictions, non-negativity conditions and objective function. This paper shows the effectiveness of the Solver IT tools in dealing with many linear programming issues, including the establishment of feed rations as ensuring a good and well balanced food in terms of nutrition ensures both a good maintenance of the animals and an increased production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzing the current situation of the agriculture in Romania, we can observe a fragmentation of the landed property, so that, the subsistence and the semi-subsistence farms hold 60% of the total agricultural areas utilized (13.2 million ha of agricultural land), and the commercial farms 40%. Concerning the number of farms, out of 3.856 thousand farms, 99.2% are subsistence and semi-subsistence and 0.8% is commercial farms. The current situation is unfavourable to agriculture development and rural default. This call for an accelerated association and cooperation process, leading to increased competitiveness by capitalizing agricultural products on the market corresponding qualitatively and quantitatively, and also the production adjustment to market requirements can be significantly accelerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solar radiation distribution on Earth's surface is strongly influenced by topographic factors and surface features such as elevation, surface orientation, slope and slope shape, shadows determined by topographic features. All these factors in turn affect the quantification of the light environment. Modeling the solar radiation can be extremely efficient in understanding the spatial and temporal variation of solar radiation over landscape scales. Spatial Analyst extension provided by ArcGIS allows us to analyze the effects of sun on a geographical area for specific time periods. In this paper we propose to represent the amount of solar radiation on a geographical area (Stowe, Vermont), during a period of three months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Factor analysis (principal components analysis is a factor method) of downsizing the complexity of data and fixing the number of principal components to be retained in the final model. In this paper we present the usefulness of Principal Components Analysis in the agriculture. Data we have used in this paper were taken from a public database, namely the National Institute of Statistics of Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paperwork presents a model of transportation network which uses a package of programs allowing the creation, processing, integration, analysis and posting of geographical data at various levels. ArcGIS was used, extension ArcGIS Network Analyst, with which the area of influence of an economic objective on any location from the map may be identified, representing the network, as well as the data base obtained following the Digital Romania National Project. In the model created by the road network 16 points of interests were added on the map of Cluj County, divided into two themes: Agricultural holdings: Aghireş, Baciu, Beliş, Berind, Floreşti, Huedin, Steluţa; Livestock holdings: Apahida, Cojocna, Copăceni, Dej, Iclod, Floreşti, Răscruci, Someşeni, Tureni. The modelling of transportation network from this paperwork contains three phases: a) The travel of path through all points of interest having as starting and return point the city of Cluj-Napoca without barriers and without the optimization option; b) The introduction of several restrictions on the previous path; c) The optimization of path with barriers, as well as without them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction and the development of the web 2.0 technologies have facilitated the collaboration between the departments of a company or between companies. This implies that about agile businesses should be able to adapt too many situations and to choose optimal solutions. In this context one can take into account the process of building teams of experts regardless of the location that should solve certain tasks. However, it can be considered that building teams means putting together different characters, temperaments and cultures and this process is not always successful. For this reason the purpose of this paper is to describe an evaluation model of the satisfaction level of the agile teamwork members and implicitly of the companies involved. This research is using the heterogeneous algebras theory for defining a solution for the reunion of a team of individuals such as the team should achieve optimal performance levels. As a result, the paper presents a set of rules that should be fulfilled in order to create an efficient team. This research will be helpful for the implementation of the main engine of a tool that can be used for building agile teamwork. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dobruja is a historical region shared by Romania and Bulgaria; it is located on the western Black Sea coast, around the Danube River. The main geological, seismic and geotechnical features, as well as natural hazards are presented in this review. A comparative analysis is made between the northern and southern parts of Dobruja. The region has witnessed various kinds of natural hazard over the past decades, and this paper describes the geotechnical characteristics and chronology of two of the more frequently occurring events, namely earthquakes and soil liquefaction. The structural relationships between the different rock formations in Romania and Bulgaria are analyzed, to show the extent to which they influence the dynamics of these events. The stability of foundations on liquefacted sand, silty clay and karsts on which installations such as wind generators, the nuclear power station and breakwaters are built have been examined in the light of the geoenvironmental risks. The similarity in structural, geotechnical and environmental relationships between Romania and Bulgaria engender common risks that could be properly addressed only through collaboration between scientists from both countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Principal Component Analysis is a method factor - factor analysis - and is used to reduce data complexity by replacingmassive data sets by smaller sets. It is also used to highlight the way in which the variables are correlated with eachother and to determining the (less)latent variableswhich are behind the (more)measured variables. These latent variables are called factors, hence the name of the methodi.e. factor analysis. Our paper shows the applicability of Principal Components Analysis (PCA) in livestock area of study by carrying out a researchon some physiological characteristics in the case of tencow breeds. By using PCA only two factors have been preserved, concentrating over 80% of their information from the four variables in question, one factor concentrating weight and height and the other factor concentrating trunk circumference and weight at calving, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]