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Socio‐demographic changes in Europe have heightened interest in the topic of integration. However, a clear definition of the construct remains elusive, particularly in relation to the second generation and "long‐established" young people of foreign origin. On the one hand, "integration" takes on different meanings depending on the researcher's approach; on the other, few studies directly address the views of young people with a migrant background. Using a qualitative approach, the study analyses the subjective meaning and connotations attributed to the term "integration," as well as the personal perception of integration into Italian society among 26 young people of different ethnic origins living in Italy (mean age = 24.5 years, SD 4.1; F = 14). All participants belonged to the second generation or had immigrated to Italy before the age of 12. They answered a semi‐structured interview on cultural identity, characteristics of social networks, feelings of integration and experiences of personal and group discrimination. The results showed that the participants closely associated integration with the issues of respect, acceptance and lack of discrimination, but also with the subjective feeling of being part of society and belonging to it. The limitations and practical implications of the study were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium nitride (TiN) has recently gained considerable interest because of its remarkable plasmonic properties and for its strong electron–phonon (e–ph) coupling, leading to extremely fast (<100 fs) electron‐lattice cooling. Here, the generation of coherent phonons in TiN films is reported, along with their real‐time detection by means of broadband transient reflection spectroscopy with sub‐15‐fs temporal resolution. The measurements show damped oscillations, superimposed to excited state electronic decay. A coherent vibrational mode is revealed, with ≈10 THz frequency ascribed to defect‐activated normal modes, consistent with spontaneous Raman scattering data, and a dephasing time of ≈250 fs. Two π‐phase flips are also observed located at photon energies corresponding to interband optical transitions (at 3.2 and 2.5 eV), ascribed to selective coupling of the vibrational mode to these transitions; the energy modulation induced by the vibrational coherence is evaluated. It is shown that the displacive excitation of coherent phonons model describes the coherent response in terms of temporal behavior and of spectral amplitude profile. Overall, a comprehensive and detailed analysis of coherent phonons in TiN films, so far undected, is provided and relevant information on TiN photo‐physical properties, potentially useful for its applications, is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the social psychology literature focuses on the difficulties that young people of migrant backgrounds (YMBs) living in Western countries have in negotiating multicultural identities and developing a sense of belonging to two cultures, emphasizing the negative consequences of feeling discriminated against. However, how YMBs who self‐identify as multicultural reconcile their feelings of integration with identity denial and discrimination has been less explored. The purpose of the present study was to examine, in a sample of YMBs living in Italy, how they reconcile their multicultural identities and perceptions of integration with feelings of rejection by segments of Italian society. Twenty‐five young adults (mean age: 24.5; SD = 4.1; Female (F) = 13) from different ethnic backgrounds participated in semistructured interviews. The results highlighted the protective role of bicultural identification in the identity of YMBs, expressed in the tendency to avoid recognizing oneself in the image of the 'migrant' and instead to promote that of a multicultural individual who is not different from other fellow citizens. This goal was achieved at the interpersonal and intrapersonal levels by adopting cognitive strategies of stigma avoidance such as personal/group discrimination discrepancy and doublethink. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the optical properties of Molybdenum Disulphide nanosheets deposited by chemical vapor deposition onto a nanopatterned substrate endowed with a uniaxial corrugation. The uniaxial nanocorrugation leads to a polarization dependence in steady state and an anisotropic relaxation around the C resonance. Finite element numerical simulations allow to better disclose the scenario. Our findings point towards new possibilities for the manipulation of the optical properties of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides via substrate nanopatterning.

On-line college courses present a mandate for student identity verification for accreditation and funding sources. Student authentication requires course modification to detect fraud and misrepresentation of authorship in assignment submissions. The reality is that some college students cheat in face-to-face classrooms; however, the potential for on-line fraud exceeds that of traditional classroom protocols. Because of reduced personal contact, on-line teaching requires additional ways to prevent cheating and to authenticate authorship of course submissions. Key issues include providing both legal and ethical accountability to college's funding sources for accreditation. Detection methods include qualitative and quantitative analysis utilizing course content analysis, psychometrics, and biometrics (which includes fingerprint, voice recognition software, camera photo ID matched to student ID). Case studies include qualitative analysis focused on cultural causes related to ethical lapses. This article describes these topics and methods and how their use helps detect and reduce cheating. Verification methods should identify student authorship and submission misrepresentation and reduce errors in student evaluations, grading, course outcomes analysis, and the granting of college credit for work completed. (Contains 32 endnotes.)