318 results on '"Ross AM"'
Search Results
2. How best to provide help to bereaved adolescents: a Delphi consensus study
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Ross, AM, Krysinska, K, Rickwood, D, Pirkis, J, Andriessen, K, Ross, AM, Krysinska, K, Rickwood, D, Pirkis, J, and Andriessen, K
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Many adolescents struggle with their grief and mental health issues after the death of a close person, such as a family member or a friend. Given the potentially devastating impact of the loss on the adolescent and their family, professional help can be warranted. However, little is known about how to best help these adolescents. This study aimed to address this gap by determining what help professionals (i.e., counselors) should provide to bereaved adolescents. METHODS: The Delphi method was used to achieve consensus regarding the importance of statements that describe actions a helping professional can take to help a bereaved adolescent. Statements were compiled through a systematic search of the scientific and grey literature, and reviewing interview data from a recent related research study with bereaved adolescents, parents and counselors. An expert panel (N = 49) comprising 16 adolescents, 14 parents and 19 helping professionals, rated each statement. Statements that were endorsed by at least 80% of panellists were considered consensus recommendations. RESULTS: Panellists endorsed 130 out of 190 statements as appropriate actions. These included help for a bereaved adolescent being offered on an ongoing basis, with support to be provided flexibly to meet individual adolescent needs and to acknowledge the agency of the adolescent. Support after a loss by suicide should be tailored to address specific suicide-related issues. Parents of bereaved adolescents should also be offered support so that they are better equipped to help their bereaved adolescent. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified consensus recommendations on how a helping professional might best help bereaved adolescents. It is hoped that these recommendations will guide helping professionals and enhance adolescent grief interventions.
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- 2021
3. Considerations when offering mental health first aid to a person with an intellectual disability: a Delphi study
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Bond, KS, Cottrill, FA, Kelly, L, Broughan, J, Davies, K, Ross, AM, Kelly, CM, Bond, KS, Cottrill, FA, Kelly, L, Broughan, J, Davies, K, Ross, AM, and Kelly, CM
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: People with an intellectual disability experience higher rates of mental health problems, but experience significant barriers to receiving professional help. Increasing the knowledge and skills of those who support them can help to reduce some of these barriers. This study aimed to develop guidelines for offering mental health first aid to a person with an intellectual disability. METHODS: Using the Delphi research method, a systematic search of websites, books and journal articles was conducted to develop a survey containing items about the knowledge, skills and actions needed for assisting a person with an intellectual disability who is experiencing mental health problems. These items were rated over three survey rounds by an expert panel according to whether they should be included in the guidelines. RESULTS: Fifty-three experts completed all three survey rounds (67% retention rate). A total of 202 items were rated over the three rounds to yield 170 endorsed items that were incorporated into the guidelines. The developed guidelines emphasise the need to recognise the unique signs of mental health problems in people with an intellectual disability, and provide appropriate support, communication and respect for people with an intellectual disability. The guidelines will also build the capacity of carers to address behaviours of concern, socially limiting behaviours or seeking professional help when the need arises. The guidelines will be used to develop a mental health first aid course. CONCLUSION: The guidelines and the resultant mental health first aid course will be a helpful resource with the potential to address some of the barriers to mental health help-seeking that people with an intellectual disability experience.
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- 2021
4. Re-development of mental health first aid guidelines for non-suicidal self-injury: a Delphi study (vol 14, 236, 2014)
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Ross, AM, Kelly, CM, Jorm, AF, Ross, AM, Kelly, CM, and Jorm, AF
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- 2021
5. A Polymer Blend Substrate for Skeletal Muscle Cells Alignment and Photostimulation
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Vurro, V, Scaccabarozzi, A, Lodola, F, Storti, F, Marangi, F, Ross, A, Paterno, G, Scotognella, F, Criante, L, Caironi, M, Lanzani, G, Scaccabarozzi, AD, Marangi F, Ross, AM, Paterno, GM, Vurro, V, Scaccabarozzi, A, Lodola, F, Storti, F, Marangi, F, Ross, A, Paterno, G, Scotognella, F, Criante, L, Caironi, M, Lanzani, G, Scaccabarozzi, AD, Marangi F, Ross, AM, and Paterno, GM
- Abstract
Substrate engineering for steering cell growth is a wide and well-established area of research in the field of modern biotechnology. Here we introduce a micromachining technique to pattern an inert and transparent polymer matrix blended with a photoactive polymer. We demonstrate that the obtained scaffold combines the capability to align with that to photostimulate living cells. This technology can open up new and promising applications, especially where cell alignment is required to trigger specific biological functions, e.g., generate powerful and efficient muscle contractions following an external stimulus.
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- 2021
6. What works for mental health problems in youth? Survey of real-world experiences of treatments and side effects
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Morgan, AJ, Ross, AM, Yap, MBH, Reavley, NJ, Parker, A, Simmons, MB, Scanlan, F, Jorm, AF, Morgan, AJ, Ross, AM, Yap, MBH, Reavley, NJ, Parker, A, Simmons, MB, Scanlan, F, and Jorm, AF
- Abstract
AIM: Despite youth being the most common age group for onset of mental disorders, there is less knowledge on the benefits and harms of treatments in young people. In addition, efficacy data from randomized controlled trials may not generalize to how treatment works outside of research settings. This study aimed to investigate young people's perceived effectiveness of different treatments for mental health problems, the professionals who delivered these, and the experience of negative effects. METHODS: We developed a consumer report website where young people who were ever diagnosed with a mental disorder provided ratings on the helpfulness or harmfulness of different types of professionals, mental health treatments (medical, psychological complementary/alternative) and self-help strategies, and whether they had experienced particular negative effects. RESULTS: Here, 557 young people aged 12-25 years, who were recruited from English-speaking, high-income countries, provided 1258 ratings of treatments. All treatments showed varied perceptions of effectiveness. Medical and psychological treatments were rated moderately helpful on average with low rates of harmfulness. Self-help strategies were rated as being as helpful as professional treatments. Side effects related to the head or mind (e.g., concentration difficulties, inability to feel emotions, depression and irritability) were the most common across all types of medicines. For psychological treatments, treatment being too expensive and feeling worse at the end of a session were the most commonly reported negative effects. CONCLUSIONS: Study findings may be a useful guide to clinicians, researchers, young people and their families about what is likely to work in real-world settings.
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- 2020
7. A systematic review of the impact of media reports of severe mental illness on stigma and discrimination, and interventions that aim to mitigate any adverse impact
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Ross, AM, Morgan, AJ, Jorm, AF, Reavley, NJ, Ross, AM, Morgan, AJ, Jorm, AF, and Reavley, NJ
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PURPOSE: This review aims to summarise the evidence on the impact of news media and social media reports of severe mental illness (SMI) on stigma, and interventions that aim to mitigate any adverse impact. METHODS: A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted in December 2017 to identify studies that report on the impact of media coverage or media interventions on stigma related to schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder, or mental illness in general. Data were synthesised narratively. RESULTS: 12 studies met inclusion criteria; seven explored the impact of news media on stigma towards SMI or general mental illness, two explored the impact of social media, while three evaluated interventions that aimed to mitigate this impact. These studies showed that positive news reports and social media posts are likely to lead to reductions in stigmatizing attitudes and negative reports and social media posts are likely to increase stigmatizing attitudes. There were a limited number of interventions aiming to mitigate the negative impact of news reports of mental illness on stigma; however, these were ineffective. Interventions with media professionals appear to be successful at reducing their stigmatizing attitudes, but can also act to increase both positive and negative reports in the media. CONCLUSIONS: Given the limited research evidence on the impact of news and social media on stigma towards SMI, and on the effectiveness of interventions aiming to mitigate this impact, further studies of higher quality are needed in this area. Due to mixed findings, interventions with media professionals are also an area of research priority.
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- 2019
8. Australian R U OK?Day campaign: improving helping beliefs, intentions and behaviours
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Ross, AM, Bassilios, B, Ross, AM, and Bassilios, B
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BACKGROUND: Suicide is a major public health concern and has been recognised as a public health priority. R U OK?Day aims to prevent suicide by encouraging and empowering Australians to reach out to friends and family who might be experiencing personal difficulties. This study aims to update the evaluation of the public awareness campaign 'R U OK?Day' that was conducted using 2014 data. METHODS: Data from 2013 participants were collected via an online survey following the R U OK?Day campaign implemented in 2017. Outcome measures included campaign awareness and participation, past 12-month help-seeking, helping beliefs, helping intentions and helping behaviours. Data were analysed using z-tests, Chi square and regression analyses in SPSS. RESULTS: Both campaign awareness and participation have increased since 2014, from 66% and 19% to 78% and 32%. Campaign exposure was associated with stronger beliefs in the importance and the ease of asking "Are you okay?", and increased the likelihood of intentions to use recommended helping actions by two to three times compared to those not exposed to the campaign. Participants who were exposed to the R U OK?Day campaign were up to six times more likely to reach out to someone who might be experiencing personal difficulties compared to those not exposed to the campaign. Interestingly, those who had sought help from a mental health professional in the past 12 months were more likely to be aware of, and participate in, the campaign, suggesting people experiencing mental health issues recognise the value of seeking-and giving-social support. CONCLUSIONS: The R U OK?Day campaign continues to be relevant and effective in spreading key messages about the importance of reaching out to others and empowering members of the community to have conversations about life problems. The campaign's impact is increasing over time through increased campaign awareness and participation, and improving helping beliefs, intentions and behaviours. Ongoin
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- 2019
9. Guidelines for the public on how to provide mental health first aid: narrative review
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Jorm, AF, Ross, AM, Jorm, AF, and Ross, AM
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BACKGROUND: Expert-consensus guidelines have been developed for how members of the public should assist a person with a mental health problem or in a mental health crisis. AIMS: This review aimed to examine the range of guidelines that have been developed and how these have been implemented in practice. METHOD: A narrative review was carried out based on a systematic search for literature on the development or implementation of the guidelines. RESULTS: The Delphi method has been used to develop a wide range of guidelines for English-speaking countries, Asian countries and a number of other cultural groups. The primary implementation has been through informing the content of training courses. CONCLUSION: Further work is needed on guidelines for low- and middle-income countries. DECLARATION OF INTEREST: A.F.J. is an unpaid member of the Board of Mental Health First Aid International (trading as Mental Health First Aid Australia), which is a not-for-profit organisation.
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- 2018
10. Cross-cultural generalizability of suicide first aid actions: an analysis of agreement across expert consensus studies from a range of countries and cultures
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Jorm, AF, Ross, AM, Colucci, E, Jorm, AF, Ross, AM, and Colucci, E
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BACKGROUND: A number of Delphi expert consensus studies have been carried out with different countries and cultural groups to develop guidelines on how a member of the public should provide assistance to a person who is suicidal. The present study aimed to determine whether cross-culturally generalizable suicide first aid actions are possible by comparing agreement across these Delphi studies. METHODS: Data on endorsement rates for items were compared across six Delphi studies. These studies involved panels of professionals and consumer advocates from English-speaking countries, professionals from Sri Lanka, professionals from Japan, professionals from India, professionals from the Philippines, and professionals and consumer advocates in refugee and immigrant mental health. Correlations were calculated between item endorsement rates across panels. RESULTS: There were 18 items that were highly endorsed across all eight of the Delphi panels and an additional 15 items highly endorsed across the panels from the three lower middle-income countries (India, Philippines and Sri Lanka). Correlations across panels in item endorsement rates were all 0.60 or above, but were higher between panels from countries that are socioeconomically similar. CONCLUSIONS: There is broad agreement across the diverse expert panels about what are appropriate suicide first aid actions for members of the public, indicating that cross-cultural generalizability is possible. However, there is also some cultural specificity, indicating the need for local tailoring.
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- 2018
11. An Analysis of the Content and Availability of Information on Suicide Methods Online
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Mok, K, Ross, AM, Jorm, AF, Pirkis, J, Mok, K, Ross, AM, Jorm, AF, and Pirkis, J
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- 2016
12. Australian New Zealand Policing Advisory Agency National Institute of Forensic Science (ANZPAA NIFS) – the first 21 years
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Alastair Ross Am
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Forensic science ,Australian/New Zealand ,Law ,Political science ,Agency (sociology) ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Published
- 2012
13. Rescue angioplasty after failed thrombolysis: technical and clinical outcomes in a large thrombolysis trial
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Ross, AM, Lundergan, CF, Rohrbeck, SC, Boyle, DH, van den Brand, MJBM (Marcel), Buller, CH, Holmes, DR, Reiner, JS, Gusto-1 angiographic investig.,, and Cardiology
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cardiogenic shock ,Streptokinase ,Thrombolysis ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Coronary arteries ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,surgical procedures, operative ,Internal medicine ,Angioplasty ,Fibrinolysis ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Myocardial infarction ,cardiovascular diseases ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,TIMI ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Objectives. We sought to assess the angiographic outcome, complication rates and clinical features of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) after failed thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction. Background. “Rescue angioplasty” refers to mechanical reopening of an occluded infarct-related artery (IRA) after failed intravenous thrombolysis. Although the procedure is commonly performed, data describing its technical and clinical outcome are sparse. Early reports suggested that rescue PTCA is less often successful and produces more complications than primary PTCA. Other reports have described beneficial effects of successful rescue PTCA but adverse outcomes when PTCA is unsuccessful. Methods. Using data from the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO-1) angiographic substudy, we compared clinical and angiographic outcomes of 198 patients selected for a rescue PTCA attempt with those of 266 patients with failed thrombolysis but managed conservatively and, for reference, with those of 1,058 patients with successful thrombolysis. Results. Patients offered rescue PTCA had more impaired left ventricular function than those in whom closed vessels were managed conservatively. Rescue successfully opened 88.4% of closed arteries, with 68% attaining Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 3 flow. The interventions did not increase catheterization laboratory or postprocedural complication rates. Multivariate analysis identified severe heart failure to be a determinant of a failed rescue attempt. Successful rescue PTCA resulted in superior left ventricular function and 30-day mortality outcomes, comparable to outcomes in patients with closed IRAs managed conservatively, but less favorable than in patients in whom thrombolytic therapy was initially successful. The mortality rate after a failed rescue attempt was 30.4%; however, five of the seven patients who died after failed rescue PTCA were in cardiogenic shock before the procedure. Conclusions. Rescue PTCA tends to be selected for patients with clinical predictors of a poor outcome. It is effective in restoring patency. Patients who die after a failed rescue attempt are often already in extremis before the angioplasty attempt.
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- 1998
14. Re-development of mental health first aid guidelines for non-suicidal self-injury: a Delphi study
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Ross, AM, Kelly, CM, Jorm, AF, Ross, AM, Kelly, CM, and Jorm, AF
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BACKGROUND: Up to 12% of Australian adults and almost one in five adolescents are estimated to have engaged in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) at some time in their life. Friends and family are most likely to notice signs of NSSI, but may be unsure how to intervene. Mental health first aid guidelines were developed in 2008 on how to do this through providing initial support and encouraging appropriate professional help-seeking. This study aims to re-develop the 2008 NSSI first aid guidelines to ensure they contain current recommended helping actions and remain consistent with the NSSI intervention literature. METHODS: The Delphi consensus method was used to determine the importance of the inclusion of helping statements in the guidelines. These statements describe helping actions a member of the public can take, and information they should have, to help someone who is engaging in NSSI. Systematic searches of the available NSSI intervention literature were conducted to find helping statements. Two expert panels, comprising 28 NSSI professionals and 33 consumer advocates, rated the importance of each statement. RESULTS: 98 out of 220 statements were endorsed as appropriate helping actions in providing assistance to someone engaging in NSSI. These statements were used to form the updated mental health first aid guidelines for NSSI. CONCLUSION: The re-development of the guidelines has resulted in more comprehensive guidance than the original version (98 versus 30 statements containing helping actions). This substantial increase in endorsed statements adds detail and depth to the guidelines, as well as covers additional ways of providing guidance and support.
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- 2014
15. Re-development of mental health first aid guidelines for suicidal ideation and behaviour: a Delphi study
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Ross, AM, Kelly, CM, Jorm, AF, Ross, AM, Kelly, CM, and Jorm, AF
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BACKGROUND: Suicide continues to be a leading cause of death globally. Friends and family are considered best positioned to provide initial assistance if someone is suicidal. Expert consensus guidelines on how to do this were published in 2008. Re-developing these guidelines is necessary to ensure they contain the most current recommended helping actions and remain consistent with the suicide prevention literature. METHODS: The Delphi consensus method was used to determine the importance of including helping statements in the guidelines. These statements describe helping actions a member of the public can take, and information they should have, to help someone who is experiencing suicidal thoughts. Systematic searches of the available suicide prevention literature were carried out to find helping statements. Two expert panels, comprising 41 suicide prevention professionals and 35 consumer advocates respectively, rated each statement. Statements were accepted for inclusion in the guidelines if they were endorsed by at least 80% of each panel. RESULTS: Out of 436 statements, 164 were endorsed as appropriate helping actions in providing assistance to someone experiencing suicidal thoughts or engaging in suicidal behaviour. These statements were used to form the re-developed guidelines. CONCLUSION: The re-development of the guidelines has resulted in more comprehensive guidance than the earlier version, with the endorsement of 164 helping actions, compared to 30 previously. These guidelines will form the basis of a suicide prevention course aimed at educating members of the public on providing first aid to someone who is experiencing suicidal thoughts.
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- 2014
16. Detecting Cladding Leaks in Irradiated Fuel Elements by Neutron Radiography
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Ross, AM, primary
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17. Development of guidelines for tertiary education institutions to assist them in supporting students with a mental illness: a Delphi consensus study with Australian professionals and consumers
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Reavley, NJ, Ross, AM, Killackey, E, Jorm, AF, Reavley, NJ, Ross, AM, Killackey, E, and Jorm, AF
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Background. The age at which most young people are in tertiary education is also the age of peak onset for mental illness. Because mental health problems can have adverse effects on students' academic performance and welfare, institutions require guidance how they can best provide support. However, the scientific evidence for how best to do this is relatively limited. Therefore a Delphi expert consensus study was carried out with professional and consumer experts. Methods. A systematic review of websites, books and journal articles was conducted to develop a 172 item survey containing strategies that institutions might use to support students with a mental illness. Two panels of Australian experts (74 professionals and 35 consumers) were recruited and independently rated the items over three rounds, with strategies reaching consensus on importance written into the guidelines. Results. The overall response rate across three rounds was 83% (80% consumers, 85% professionals). 155 strategies were endorsed as essential or important by at least 80% of panel members. The endorsed strategies provided information on policy, measures to promote support services, service provision, accessibility of support services, relationships between services, other types of support and issues associated with reasonable adjustments. They also provided guidance on the procedures the institutions should have for making staff aware of issues associated with mental illness, mental illness training, support for staff and communicating with a student with a mental illness. They also covered student rights and responsibilities, the procedures the institutions should have for making students aware of issues associated with mental illness, dealing with mental health crises, funding and research and evaluation. Conclusions. The guidelines provide guidance for tertiary institutions to assist them in supporting students with a mental illness. It is hoped that they may be used to inform policy and prac
- Published
- 2013
18. Australian New Zealand Policing Advisory Agency National Institute of Forensic Science (ANZPAA NIFS) – the first 21 years
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Ross AM, Alastair, primary
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- 2012
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19. End-systolic volume index at 90 to 180 minutes into reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction is a strong predictor of early and late mortality. The Global Utilization of Streptokinase and t-PA for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO)-I Angiographic Investigators
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Migrino, RQ, primary, Young, JB, additional, Ellis, SG, additional, White, HD, additional, Lundergan, CF, additional, Miller, DP, additional, Granger, CB, additional, Ross, AM, additional, Califf, RM, additional, and Topol, EJ, additional
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- 1997
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20. Predictors of psychiatric boarding in the pediatric emergency department: implications for emergency care.
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Wharff EA, Ginnis KB, Ross AM, and Blood EA
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- 2011
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21. Plasma N-terminal fragment of the prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations in relation to time to treatment and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow: a substudy of the Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Treatment...
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Jarai R, Huber K, Bogaerts K, Droogne W, Ezekowitz J, Granger CB, Sinnaeve PR, Ross AM, Zeymer U, Armstrong PW, Van de Werf FJ, ASSENT IV-PCI investigators, Jarai, Rudolf, Huber, Kurt, Bogaerts, Kris, Droogne, Walter, Ezekowitz, Justin, Granger, Christopher B, Sinnaeve, Peter R, and Ross, Allan M
- Abstract
Background: We investigated the prognostic significance of plasma N-terminal fragment of the prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide (Nt-proBNP) concentrations in addition to time to reperfusion and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow before and after coronary intervention in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) from the database of the Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Treatment Strategy with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (ASSENT IV-PCI) trial.Methods: Plasma Nt-proBNP was available in 1,037 patients with STEMI. Patients were randomized either to primary (p-PCI) or to full-dose tenecteplase before PCI (f-PCI).The study end point was the composite of death, cardiogenic shock, or congestive heart failure at 90 days.Results: According to classification tree analysis, patients with Nt-proBNP levels >694 pg/mL had the highest primary end point rates (33.8% vs 11%, P < .001). In Cox regression analysis, Nt-proBNP >694 pg/mL strongly predicted 90-day survival even among patients with short treatment delay (f-PCI < or =3 hours: hazard ratio [HR] 2.63, P = .002 and p-PCI < or =3 hours: HR 4.87, P < .001, respectively). Patients with TIMI 3 flow after coronary intervention were at significantly higher risk of the primary end point if admission Nt-proBNP exceeded 694 pg/mL (f-PCI: HR 2.88, P < .001 and p-PCI: HR 3.84, P < .001, respectively). In multivariable analysis, Nt-proBNP >694 pg/mL significantly (P = .001) predicted 90-day survival in addition to age (P < .001), TIMI flow after PCI (P < .001), body mass index (P = .026), anterior wall infarction (P = .035), and systolic blood pressure at randomization (P = .036), respectively.Conclusion: Elevated plasma concentrations of Nt-proBNP in the early phase of STEMI determine in-hospital and 90-day outcome after infarction irrespective of time to treatment and pre- or postinterventional TIMI flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2010
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22. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of adenosine as an adjunct to reperfusion in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMISTAD-II)
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Ross AM, Gibbons RJ, Stone GW, Kloner RA, Alexander RW, and AMISTAD-II Investigators
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- 2005
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23. Case 11-2003: a 14-year-old boy with ulcerative colitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and partial duodenal obstruction.
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Ross AM IV, Anupindi SA, and Balis UJ
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- 2003
24. Comparison of efficacy and safety of atorvastatin and simvastatin in patients with dyslipidemia with and without coronary heart disease.
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Karalis DG, Ross AM, Vacari RM, Zarren H, Scott R, CHALLENGE Study Investigators, Karalis, Dean G, Ross, Andrew M, Vacari, Ralph M, Zarren, Harvey, and Scott, Robert
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The efficacy and safety of atorvastatin 10 mg versus simvastatin 20 mg and atorvastatin 80 mg versus simvastatin 80 mg was determined in a 6-week, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end-point trial of dyslipidemic patients with and without coronary heart disease. A total of 1,732 patients with hypercholesterolemia and triglycerides < or =600 mg/dl (6.8 mmol/L) were randomized to receive either atorvastatin 10 mg (n = 650), simvastatin 20 mg (n = 650), atorvastatin 80 mg (n = 216), or simvastatin 80 mg (n = 216). The primary efficacy parameter was the change in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol from baseline to week 6. Secondary efficacy parameters included the percent change from baseline to week 6 in total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and the percent of patients achieving their National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) LDL cholesterol goal at study end. Atorvastatin had significantly greater reductions from baseline in LDL cholesterol than simvastatin in both comparator groups: atorvastatin 10 mg (37.1%) versus simvastatin 20 mg (35.4%) (p = 0.0097), and atorvastatin 80 mg (53.4%) versus simvastatin 80 mg (46.7%) (p <0.0001). Atorvastatin 10 and 80 mg also provided significantly greater reductions in total cholesterol, triglycerides, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B than simvastatin 20 and 80 mg, respectively (all p <0.05). All treatment groups had a significantly decreased LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio from baseline (all p <0.0001). In both comparator groups a higher proportion of atorvastatin-treated patients reached their NCEP LDL cholesterol goal compared with simvastatin. All 4 study treatments were well tolerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2002
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25. Relationship of infarct artery patency and left ventricular ejection fraction to health-related quality of life after myocardial infarction: the GUSTO-I Angiographic Study experience.
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Coyne KS, Lundergan CF, Boyle D, Greenhouse SW, Draoui YC, Walker P, Ross AM, GUSTO-I Angiographic Study Investigators, Coyne, K S, Lundergan, C F, Boyle, D, Greenhouse, S W, Draoui, Y C, Walker, P, and Ross, A M
- Published
- 2000
26. Sequence Similarities Between Human Immunodeficiency Virus gp41 and Paramyxovirus Fusion Proteins
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M N Waxham, James A. Hoxie, Francisco Gonzalez-Scarano, and Ross Am
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Paramyxoviridae ,Protein Conformation ,viruses ,Immunology ,Retroviridae Proteins ,Gp41 ,Virus ,Cell Fusion ,Viral Envelope Proteins ,Viral envelope ,Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ,Virology ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Cytopathic effect ,Cell fusion ,biology ,HIV ,Proteins ,virus diseases ,Lipid bilayer fusion ,biology.organism_classification ,Fusion protein ,HIV Envelope Protein gp41 ,Infectious Diseases ,Viral Fusion Proteins - Abstract
Cell fusion is a characteristic cytopathic effect induced by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that leads to the formation of syncytia between infected lymphocytes. Although this process has been shown to occur following the specific binding of the 110-120 kD externalized envelope molecule of the virus with the CD4 glycoprotein, the region of the HIV envelope that directly mediates cell fusion is unknown. In an attempt to identify this fusion domain, we compared the amino acid sequences from the envelope molecules of several HIV isolates to the fusion proteins of paramyxoviruses. We found that the amino terminal region of the HIV transmembrane protein gp41 had a striking degree of similarity with the fusion domain of the respiratory syncytial virus. Moreover, similar sequences were noted in the fusion proteins of other paramyxoviruses and the transmembrane envelope proteins of a variety of lentiviruses suggesting that a functional relationship exists between these glycoproteins. This finding indicates that the amino terminal region of the HIV gp41 molecule may mediate cell fusion for this virus, and could be an important target in the design of immunologic strategies for the prevention of HIV infection in vivo.
- Published
- 1987
27. Clinical & program notes. Health professional students' occupational exposures to blood-borne pathogens: primary and secondary prevention strategies.
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Mendias EP and Ross AM
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Health science students, along with the health professionals they hope to become, are at increased risk for certain occupational injuries and illnesses. One of these risks is occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis, which may result in severe illnesses or even death. Two case studies demonstrate postexposure care of exposed individuals at the University of Texas Medical Branch Student Health Services before and after policy changes and prevention strategies were strengthened in response to exposure incidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2001
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28. Computer analysis suggests a role for signal sequences in processing polyproteins of enveloped RNA viruses and as a mechanism of viral fusion.
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Fazakerley, JK, Ross, AM, Fazakerley, JK, and Ross, AM
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We have used a computer program to scan the entire sequence of viral polyproteins for eucaryotic signal sequences. The method is based on that of von Heijne (1). The program calculates a score for each residue in a polyprotein. The score indicates the resemblance of each residue to that at the cleavage site of a typical N-terminal eucaryotic signal sequence. The program correctly predicts the known N-terminal signal sequence cleavage sites of several cellular and viral proteins. The analysis demonstrates that the polyproteins of enveloped RNA viruses--including the alphaviruses, flaviviruses, and bunyaviruses--contain several internal signal-sequence-like regions. The predicted cleavage site in these internal sequences are often known cleavage sites for processing of the polyprotein and are amongst the highest scoring residues with this algorithm. These results indicate a role for the cellular enzyme signal peptidase in the processing of several viral polyproteins. Not all high-scoring residues are sites of cleavage, suggesting a difference between N-terminal and internal signal sequences. This may reflect the secondary structure of the latter. Signal sequences were also found at the N-termini of the fusion proteins of the paramyxoviruses and the retroviruses. This suggests a mechanism of viral fusion analogous to that by which proteins are translocated through the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum at synthesis.
- Published
- 1989
29. Fibro-squamous epithelial papilloma from upper alveolus
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Ross Am
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Mouth neoplasm ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Papilloma ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Medicine ,Humans ,Mouth Neoplasms ,Tooth Socket ,business - Published
- 1962
30. Bilateral Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
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Ross Am
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ,General Engineering ,Bacterial Infections ,General Medicine ,Audiology ,Otitis Media, Suppurative ,Dermatology ,Otitis Media ,Chronic Disease ,Humans ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Medicine ,business ,Medical Memoranda ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 1947
31. Interpreting malaria age-prevalence and incidence curves: a simulation study of the effects of different types of heterogeneity
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Smith Thomas and Ross Amanda
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Individuals in a malaria endemic community differ from one another. Many of these differences, such as heterogeneities in transmission or treatment-seeking behaviour, affect malaria epidemiology. The different kinds of heterogeneity are likely to be correlated. Little is known about their impact on the shape of age-prevalence and incidence curves. In this study, the effects of heterogeneity in transmission, treatment-seeking and risk of co-morbidity were simulated. Methods Simple patterns of heterogeneity were incorporated into a comprehensive individual-based model of Plasmodium falciparum malaria epidemiology. The different types of heterogeneity were systematically simulated individually, and in independent and co-varying pairs. The effects on age-curves for parasite prevalence, uncomplicated and severe episodes, direct and indirect mortality and first-line treatments and hospital admissions were examined. Results Different heterogeneities affected different outcomes with large effects reserved for outcomes which are directly affected by the action of the heterogeneity rather than via feedback on acquired immunity or fever thresholds. Transmission heterogeneity affected the age-curves for all outcomes. The peak parasite prevalence was reduced and all age-incidence curves crossed those of the reference scenario with a lower incidence in younger children and higher in older age-groups. Heterogeneity in the probability of seeking treatment reduced the peak incidence of first-line treatment and hospital admissions. Heterogeneity in co-morbidity risk showed little overall effect, but high and low values cancelled out for outcomes directly affected by its action. Independently varying pairs of heterogeneities produced additive effects. More variable results were produced for co-varying heterogeneities, with striking differences compared to independent pairs for some outcomes which were affected by both heterogeneities individually. Conclusions Different kinds of heterogeneity both have different effects and affect different outcomes. Patterns of co-variation are also important. Alongside the absolute levels of different factors affecting age-curves, patterns of heterogeneity should be considered when parameterizing or validating models, interpreting data and inferring from one outcome to another.
- Published
- 2010
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32. System architecture pliability and trading operations in tradespace exploration
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Daniel E. Hastings, Brian Mekdeci, Adam M. Ross, Donna H. Rhodes, 5th IEEE International systems conference Montreal, Canada 4-7 April 2011, Mekdeci, Brian, Ross, AM, Rhodes, DH, and Hastings, DE
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Flexibility (engineering) ,Engineering ,Process (engineering) ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,systems design ,Survivability ,tradespace exploration ,ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS ,system architecture ,Concept of operations ,Adaptability ,pliability ,operational variables ,Tradespace ,concept of operations ,Systems engineering ,Systems architecture ,Systems design ,business ,media_common - Abstract
The concept of operations is often assumed when assessing different design variables in a tradespace study for a particular system architecture, The way a system operates, however, has a large effect on its performance, and can often be the only variable through which stakeholders can influence a system after the system is implemented. The concept of pliable system architectures is introduced so that operational variables can be explicitly considered and incorporated into tradespace studies. System transitions can be predicted by pliability, and these transitions can provide insight into other system “ilities” such as changeability, adaptability, flexibility and survivability. Two techniques are introduced in order to demonstrate the usefulness of the pliability concept; (1) a step-by-step process by which operational variables can be identified within a system architecture, and (2) a process by which very large tradespaces can be sampled into a manageable set of system instances that provide maximum insight for the level of effort to model them. As these new concepts and methodologies are new and part of ongoing research, they will need to be tested and validated in future work. Refereed/Peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2011
33. Examining survivability of systems of systems
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21st Annual International Symposium of the International Council on Systems Engineering Denver, Colorado, US 20-23 June 2011, Mekdeci, Brian, Ross, AM, Rhodes, DH, and Hastings, DE
- Subjects
design principles ,systems of systems ,empirical studies - Abstract
Previous research has identified design principles that enable survivability for systems, but it is unclear if these principles are appropriate and sufficient for systems of systems as well. This paper presents a preliminary examination of how some of the characteristic properties of systems of systems may enable or hinder survivability, based on existing design principles and a newly proposed taxonomy of disturbances. Two new design principles, defensive posture and adaptation, are introduced. The next phase of research will be to conduct empirical studies to validate the design principles against some of the characteristic properties of systems of systems, and test hypotheses about how survivability will be affected. Refereed/Peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2011
34. Mouse models to investigate in situ cell fate decisions induced by p53.
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Lieschke E, Thomas AF, Kueh A, Atkin-Smith GK, Baldoni PL, La Marca JE, Young S, Huang AS, Ross AM, Whelan L, Kaloni D, Tai L, Smyth GK, Herold MJ, Hawkins ED, Strasser A, and Kelly GL
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Gene Knock-In Techniques, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 metabolism, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 genetics, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins genetics, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins metabolism, Cellular Senescence genetics, Genes, Reporter, Humans, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 metabolism, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 genetics, Apoptosis genetics
- Abstract
Investigating how transcription factors control complex cellular processes requires tools that enable responses to be visualised at the single-cell level and their cell fate to be followed over time. For example, the tumour suppressor p53 (also called TP53 in humans and TRP53 in mice) can initiate diverse cellular responses by transcriptional activation of its target genes: Puma to induce apoptotic cell death and p21 to induce cell cycle arrest/cell senescence. However, it is not known how these processes are regulated and initiated in different cell types. Also, the context-dependent interaction partners and binding loci of p53 remain largely elusive. To be able to examine these questions, we here developed knock-in mice expressing triple-FLAG-tagged p53 to facilitate p53 pull-down and two p53 response reporter mice, knocking tdTomato and GFP into the Puma/Bbc3 and p21 gene loci, respectively. By crossing these reporter mice into a p53-deficient background, we show that the new reporters reliably inform on p53-dependent and p53-independent initiation of both apoptotic or cell cycle arrest/senescence programs, respectively, in vitro and in vivo., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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35. Accurate automated segmentation of autophagic bodies in yeast vacuoles using cellpose 2.0.
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Marron EC, Backues J, Ross AM, and Backues SK
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- Autophagosomes metabolism, Autophagosomes ultrastructure, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission methods, Humans, Software, Automation, Autophagy physiology, Vacuoles metabolism, Vacuoles ultrastructure, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ultrastructure, Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytology, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods
- Abstract
Segmenting autophagic bodies in yeast TEM images is a key technique for measuring changes in autophagosome size and number in order to better understand macroautophagy/autophagy. Manual segmentation of these images can be very time consuming, particularly because hundreds of images are needed for accurate measurements. Here we describe a validated Cellpose 2.0 model that can segment these images with accuracy comparable to that of human experts. This model can be used for fully automated segmentation, eliminating the need for manual body outlining, or for model-assisted segmentation, which allows human oversight but is still five times as fast as the current manual method. The model is specific to segmentation of autophagic bodies in yeast TEM images, but researchers working in other systems can use a similar process to generate their own Cellpose 2.0 models to attempt automated segmentations. Our model and instructions for its use are presented here for the autophagy community. Abbreviations: AB, autophagic body; AvP, average precision; GUI, graphical user interface; IoU, intersection over union; MVB, multivesicular body; ROI, region of interest; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; WT,wild type.
- Published
- 2024
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36. Putting the STING back into BH3-mimetic drugs for TP53-mutant blood cancers.
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Diepstraten ST, Yuan Y, La Marca JE, Young S, Chang C, Whelan L, Ross AM, Fischer KC, Pomilio G, Morris R, Georgiou A, Litalien V, Brown FC, Roberts AW, Strasser A, Wei AH, and Kelly GL
- Subjects
- Humans, Animals, Mice, Cell Line, Tumor, Mutation, Hematologic Neoplasms drug therapy, Hematologic Neoplasms genetics, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 genetics, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Signal Transduction drug effects, Proto-Oncogene Proteins genetics, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 genetics, Membrane Proteins genetics, Apoptosis drug effects
- Abstract
TP53-mutant blood cancers remain a clinical challenge. BH3-mimetic drugs inhibit BCL-2 pro-survival proteins, inducing cancer cell apoptosis. Despite acting downstream of p53, functional p53 is required for maximal cancer cell killing by BH3-mimetics through an unknown mechanism. Here, we report p53 is activated following BH3-mimetic induced mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, leading to BH3-only protein induction and thereby potentiating the pro-apoptotic signal. TP53-deficient lymphomas lack this feedforward loop, providing opportunities for survival and disease relapse after BH3-mimetic treatment. The therapeutic barrier imposed by defects in TP53 can be overcome by direct activation of the cGAS/STING pathway, which promotes apoptosis of blood cancer cells through p53-independent BH3-only protein upregulation. Combining clinically relevant STING agonists with BH3-mimetic drugs efficiently kills TRP53/TP53-mutant mouse B lymphoma, human NK/T lymphoma, and acute myeloid leukemia cells. This represents a promising therapy regime that can be fast-tracked to tackle TP53-mutant blood cancers in the clinic., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests All authors are employees of WEHI which receives milestone and royalty payments related to venetoclax. A.S., A.H.W., and G.L.K. have in the past received research funding from Servier for work on the development of MCL-1 inhibitors. A.W.R. has previously received research funding from AbbVie and is an inventor on a patent related to venetoclax dosing. A.H.W. has received research funding from AbbVie and consulting fees from AbbVie for clinical trials related to venetoclax. We have submitted a provisional patent application to cover the rationale of the described drug combination (STING agonists alongside BH3-mimetics)., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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37. Oxic methane production from methylphosphonate in a large oligotrophic lake: limitation by substrate and organic carbon supply.
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Peoples LM, Dore JE, Bilbrey EM, Vick-Majors TJ, Ranieri JR, Evans KA, Ross AM, Devlin SP, and Church MJ
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- Organophosphorus Compounds metabolism, Methane metabolism, Lakes, Carbon
- Abstract
Importance: Methane is an important greenhouse gas that is typically produced under anoxic conditions. We show that methane is supersaturated in a large oligotrophic lake despite the presence of oxygen. Metagenomic sequencing indicates that diverse, widespread microorganisms may contribute to the oxic production of methane through the cleavage of methylphosphonate. We experimentally demonstrate that these organisms, especially members of the genus Acidovorax , can produce methane through this process. However, appreciable rates of methane production only occurred when both methylphosphonate and labile sources of carbon were added, indicating that this process may be limited to specific niches and may not be completely responsible for methane concentrations in Flathead Lake. This work adds to our understanding of methane dynamics by describing the organisms and the rates at which they can produce methane through an oxic pathway in a representative oligotrophic lake., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2023
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38. Community scientist program provides bi-directional communication and co-learning between researchers and community members.
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Alvarado J, Strong LL, Buzcu-Guven B, Thompson LB, Cantu E, Carrier CC, Chukwu CD, Harris CL, Melendez LK, Roberson CL, Ross AM, Russell SC, Sanchez P, Tahanan A, Zdenek BC, Reininger BM, and McNeill LH
- Abstract
Community involvement in research is key to translating science into practice, and new approaches to engaging community members in research design and implementation are needed. The Community Scientist Program, established at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston in 2018 and expanded to two other Texas institutions in 2021, provides researchers with rapid feedback from community members on study feasibility and design, cultural appropriateness, participant recruitment, and research implementation. This paper aims to describe the Community Scientist Program and assess Community Scientists' and researchers' satisfaction with the program. We present the analysis of the data collected from 116 Community Scientists and 64 researchers who attended 100 feedback sessions, across three regions of Texas including Northeast Texas, Houston, and Rio Grande Valley between June 2018 and December 2022. Community Scientists stated that the feedback sessions increased their knowledge and changed their perception of research. All researchers (100%) were satisfied with the feedback and reported that it influenced their current and future research methods. Our evaluation demonstrates that the key features of the Community Scientist Program such as follow-up evaluations, effective bi-directional communication, and fair compensation transform how research is conducted and contribute to reducing health disparities., Competing Interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare., (© The Author(s) 2023.)
- Published
- 2023
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39. Time-domain observation of interlayer exciton formation and thermalization in a MoSe 2 /WSe 2 heterostructure.
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Policht VR, Mittenzwey H, Dogadov O, Katzer M, Villa A, Li Q, Kaiser B, Ross AM, Scotognella F, Zhu X, Knorr A, Selig M, Cerullo G, and Dal Conte S
- Abstract
Vertical heterostructures of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) host interlayer excitons with electrons and holes residing in different layers. With respect to their intralayer counterparts, interlayer excitons feature longer lifetimes and diffusion lengths, paving the way for room temperature excitonic optoelectronic devices. The interlayer exciton formation process and its underlying physical mechanisms are largely unexplored. Here we use ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy with a broadband white-light probe to simultaneously resolve interlayer charge transfer and interlayer exciton formation dynamics in a MoSe
2 /WSe2 heterostructure. We observe an interlayer exciton formation timescale nearly an order of magnitude (~1 ps) longer than the interlayer charge transfer time (~100 fs). Microscopic calculations attribute this relative delay to an interplay of a phonon-assisted interlayer exciton cascade and thermalization, and excitonic wave-function overlap. Our results may explain the efficient photocurrent generation observed in optoelectronic devices based on TMD heterostructures, as the interlayer excitons are able to dissociate during thermalization., (© 2023. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2023
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40. Investigating Correlates of Home Visitor Burnout, Compassion Fatigue, and Compassion Satisfaction in New York State: Implications for Home Visiting Workforce Development and Sustainability.
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Ross AM, Rahman R, Huang D, and Kirkbride G
- Subjects
- Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Empathy, New York, Burnout, Psychological, Job Satisfaction, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Personal Satisfaction, Compassion Fatigue, Burnout, Professional
- Abstract
Introduction: Home visitor well-being is integral to delivering effective home visiting services and a core component of successful home visiting program implementation. While burnout (BO), compassion fatigue (CF), and compassion satisfaction (CS) have been studied extensively in physicians, nurses, and other health providers, little is known about the correlates of these phenomena in home visitors., Methods: This cross-sectional study examined demographic characteristics (age, race, gender), health and personal experiences (anxiety, physical health, and adverse childhood experiences), and job-related factors (caseload, role certainty, job satisfaction) as correlates of BO, CF and CS among a sample of 75 home visitors employed across six MIECHV-funded agencies in New York State. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize our sample; linear regressions were employed to investigate correlates with outcomes of interest., Results: Anxiety was significantly and positively associated with BO (β = 2.5, p < 0.01) and CF (β = 3.08, p < 0.01). Overall job satisfaction was significantly and inversely associated with BO only (β = -0.11, p < 0.001). Participants who identified as white were less likely to report higher levels of CS relative to non-white counterparts (β = -4.65, p = 0.014). Examinations of specific aspects of job satisfaction revealed significant associations between satisfaction with workplace operating conditions, nature of the work, and contingent rewards and select outcomes of interest., Discussion: Prioritizing preventive measures that target correlates of BO and CF, such as higher levels of anxiety and lower levels of job satisfaction - particularly operating conditions - may improve workforce well-being, continuity of service delivery, and ultimately quality of care provided to clients., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
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41. The Relationship between Nursing Leadership and Patient Readmission Rate: A Systematic Review.
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Al Sabei SD and Ross AM
- Subjects
- Humans, Patient Readmission, Leadership
- Abstract
Background: Nurse leaders play a fundamental role in improving patient quality care delivery, thus improving patient clinical outcomes., Purpose: This systematic review examined the knowledge to date of nursing leadership on reducing patient readmission rates., Methods: A literature review was conducted using seven electronic databases: Medline Ovid, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL) Plus, Emerald, PsycINFO, ABI/INFORM collection, and EBSCO, with the addition of references for relevant papers reviewed., Findings: The search resulted in a total of 15 articles. Findings revealed that leadership practices of nurses have an impact on reducing patient readmission rates., Conclusions: The results suggest a need for further rigorous studies investigating the mechanism of how nursing leadership relates to patient readmission rates and how to translate this into practice across diverse cultures.
- Published
- 2023
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42. Exchange-Interaction-Like Behavior in Ferroelectric Bilayers.
- Author
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Kavle P, Ross AM, Zorn JA, Behera P, Parsonnet E, Huang X, Lin CC, Caretta L, Chen LQ, and Martin LW
- Abstract
Interlayer coupling in materials, such as exchange interactions at the interface between an antiferromagnet and a ferromagnet, can produce exotic phenomena not present in the parent materials. While such interfacial coupling in magnetic systems is widely studied, there is considerably less work on analogous electric counterparts (i.e., akin to electric "exchange-bias-like" or "exchange-spring-like" interactions between two polar materials) despite the likelihood that such effects can also engender new features associated with anisotropic electric dipole alignment. Here, electric analogs of such exchange interactions are reported, and their physical origins are explained for bilayers of in-plane polarized Pb
1-x Srx TiO3 ferroelectrics. Variation of the strontium content and thickness of the layers provides for deterministic control over the switching properties of the bilayer system resulting in phenomena analogous to an exchange-spring interaction and, leveraging added control of these interactions with an electric field, the ability to realize multistate-memory function. Such observations not only hold technological promise for ferroelectrics and multiferroics but also extend the similarities between ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials to include the manifestation of exchange-interaction-like phenomena., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)- Published
- 2023
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43. Safety and Durability of Accelerated Infliximab Dosing Strategies in Pediatric IBD: A Single Center, Retrospective Study.
- Author
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Gibson M, Subedi S, Barker DH, Masur S, Mallette MM, Lingannan A, Recinos Soto AA, Esharif D, Maxwell SH, Riaz MS, Herzlinger MI, Shalon LB, Cerezo CS, Kasper VL, Ross AM, Leleiko NS, and Shapiro JM
- Subjects
- Humans, Child, Female, Infant, Child, Preschool, Male, Infliximab adverse effects, Retrospective Studies, Follow-Up Studies, Gastrointestinal Agents adverse effects, Treatment Outcome, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases drug therapy, Colitis, Ulcerative drug therapy
- Abstract
Objectives: Infliximab (IFX) is commonly used to treat children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We previously reported that patients with extensive disease started on IFX at a dose of 10 mg/kg had greater treatment durability at year one. The aim of this follow-up study is to assess the long-term safety and durability of this dosing strategy in pediatric IBD., Methods: We performed a retrospective single-center study of pediatric IBD patients started on IFX over a 10-year period., Results: Two hundred ninety-one patients were included (mean age = 12.61, 38% female) with a follow-up range of 0.1-9.7 years from IFX induction. One hundred fifty-five (53%) were started at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Only 35 patients (12%) discontinued IFX. The median duration of treatment was 2.9 years. Patients with ulcerative colitis ( P ≤ 0.01) and patients with extensive disease ( P = 0.01) had lower durability, despite a higher starting dose of IFX ( P = 0.03). Adverse events (AEs) were observed to occur at a rate of 234 per 1000 patient-years. Patients with a higher serum IFX trough level (≥20 µg/mL) had a higher rate of AEs ( P = 0.01). Use of combination therapy had no impact on risk of AEs ( P = 0.78)., Conclusions: We observed an excellent IFX treatment durability, with only 12% of patients discontinuing therapy over the observed timeframe. The overall rate of AEs was low, the majority being infusion reactions and dermatologic conditions. Higher IFX dose and serum trough level> 20 µg/mL were associated with higher risk of AEs, the majority being mild and not resulting in cessation of therapy., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 by European Society for European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.)
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- 2023
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44. European e-Delphi process to define expert consensus on electrochemotherapy treatment indications, procedural aspects, and quality indicators in melanoma.
- Author
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Campana LG, Farronato S, Hodgetts J, Odili J, Vecchiato A, Bracken A, Baier S, Bechara FG, Borgognoni L, Caracò C, Carvalhal S, Covarelli P, Clover J, Eisendle K, Fantini F, Fierro MT, Farricha V, Gregorelli C, Hafner J, Kunte C, Gerlini G, Hessam S, Mandalà M, Piazzalunga D, Quaglino P, Snoj M, Ross AM, Trigona B, Moreno-Ramirez D, Tauceri F, Peach H, Rutkowski P, Muir T, de Terlizzi F, Patuzzo R, Mühlstädt M, Dietrich KA, Mussack T, Matteucci P, Kis E, Ascierto P, Sersa G, and Valpione S
- Subjects
- Humans, Quality Indicators, Health Care, Consensus, Benchmarking, Delphi Technique, Electrochemotherapy, Melanoma
- Abstract
Background: Skin metastases are an important co-morbidity in melanoma. Despite broad adoption, electrochemotherapy implementation is hindered by a lack of treatment indications, uncertainty regarding procedural aspects, and the absence of quality indicators. An expert consensus may harmonize the approach among centres and facilitate comparison with other therapies., Methods: An interdisciplinary panel was recruited for a three-round e-Delphi survey. A literature-based 113-item questionnaire was proposed to 160 professionals from 53 European centres. Participants rated each item for relevance and degree of agreement on a five-point Likert scale, and received anonymous controlled feedback to allow revision. The items that reached concordant agreement in two successive iterations were included in the final consensus list. In the third round, quality indicator benchmarks were defined using a real-time Delphi method., Results: The initial working group included 122 respondents, of whom 100 (82 per cent) completed the first round, thus qualifying for inclusion in the expert panel (49 surgeons, 29 dermatologists, 15 medical oncologists, three radiotherapists, two nurse specialists, two clinician scientists). The completion rate was 97 per cent (97 of 100) and 93 per cent (90 of 97) in the second and third rounds respectively. The final consensus list included 54 statements with benchmarks (treatment indications, (37); procedural aspects, (1); quality indicators, (16))., Conclusion: An expert panel achieved consensus on the use of electrochemotherapy in melanoma, with a core set of statements providing general direction to electrochemotherapy users to refine indications, align clinical practices, and promote quality assurance programmes and local audits. The residual controversial topics set future research priorities to improve patient care., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of BJS Society Ltd. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2023
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45. Efficacy of Electrochemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients of Different Receptor Status: The INSPECT Experience.
- Author
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Di Prata C, Mascherini M, Ross AM, Silvestri B, Kis E, Odili J, Fabrizio T, Jones RP, Kunte C, Orlando A, Clover J, Kumar S, Russano F, Matteucci P, Muir T, Terlizzi F, Gehl J, and Grischke EM
- Abstract
Electrochemotherapy has been proven to be an efficient treatment for cutaneous metastases of various cancers. Data on breast cancer (BC) patients with cutaneous metastases were retrieved from the INSPECT database. Patients were divided by their receptor status: HER2+, HR+ (ER/PgR+), and TN (triple negative). Groups were similar for histological subtype and location of the nodules. Most patients were previously treated with surgery/systemic therapy/radiotherapy. We found no differences in the three groups in terms of response ratio (OR per patient 86% HER2+, 80% HR+, 76% TN, p = 0.8664). The only factor positively affecting the complete response rate in all groups was small tumor size (<3 cm, p = 0.0105, p = 0.0001, p = 0.0266, respectively). Local progression-free survival was positively impacted by the achievement of complete response in HER2+ ( p = 0.0297) and HR+ ( p = 0.0094), while overall survival was affected by time to local progression in all groups ( p = 0.0065 in HER2+, p < 0.0001 in HR+, p = 0.0363 in TN). ECT treatment is equally effective among groups, despite different receptor status. Response and local tumor control seem to be better in multiple small lesions than in big armor-like lesions, suggesting that treating smaller, even multiple, lesions at the time of occurrence is more effective than treating bigger long-lasting armor-like cutaneous lesions.
- Published
- 2023
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46. Predictors of Food Insecurity and Childhood Hunger in the Bronx During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
- Author
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Azhar S, Ross AM, Keller E, Weed J, and Acevedo G
- Abstract
Using a community-based participatory research approach, we conducted a survey of 218 food pantry recipients in the south Bronx to determine predictors of food insecurity and childhood hunger. In adjusted multiple regression models, statistically significant risk factors for food insecurity included: having one or more children and not having health insurance. Statistically significant protectors against childhood hunger were: having a graduate degree, having health insurance and Spanish being spoken at home. Experiencing depression symptoms was positively associated with both food insecurity and childhood hunger. Frequency of food pantry use was not significantly associated with either food insecurity nor childhood hunger. This study suggests that targeting families with multiple children and without insurance will best help to promote food security among residents of the south Bronx. Social policy implications related to food security and benefit provision through the COVID-19 pandemic are also provided., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)
- Published
- 2023
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47. Predictors of burnout, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction experienced by community health workers offering maternal and infant services in New York State.
- Author
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Rahman R, Ross AM, Huang D, Kirkbride G, Chesna S, and Rosenblatt C
- Subjects
- Humans, Infant, United States, New York, Empathy, Cross-Sectional Studies, Community Health Workers, Surveys and Questionnaires, Personal Satisfaction, Compassion Fatigue psychology, Burnout, Professional psychology
- Abstract
Although burnout has been increasingly well studied among medical (nurses, physicians, residents) and mental health providers (psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers), there continues to be a lack of attention on the well-being of community-based providers, such as Community Health Workers (CHWs), within the United States. Using cross-sectional data from 75 CHWs employed in 14 agencies funded through the Maternal and Infant Community Health Collaboratives Initiative (MICHC) in New York, our study examined predictors (anxiety, physical health, adverse childhood experiences, job satisfaction, role certainty, demographic and work characteristics) of burnout, compassion fatigue (CF) and compassion satisfaction (CS). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize our sample and linear regression was employed to investigate the correlates of burnout, CF and CS. Results indicated that CHWs with higher levels of anxiety and lower job satisfaction were more likely to have higher burnout scores. CHWs with higher levels of anxiety, lower job satisfaction and fewer days of poorer health were more likely to report higher CF. Those who worked more than 35 h per week were less likely to report higher CS. The study provides recommendations for organizational-level interventions to address risk factors of burnout and CF and promote CS among CHWs, such as bolstering supervision, encouraging greater communication, offering recognition/appreciation of CHWs and creating opportunities for self-care. Findings should be considered when designing organizational-level preventive measures that mitigate burnout and CF and promote CS., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2023
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48. Race and COVID-19 among Social Workers in Health Settings: Physical, Mental Health, Personal Protective Equipment, and Financial Stressors.
- Author
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Zerden LS, Ross AM, Cederbaum J, Guan T, Zelnick J, and Ruth BJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Financial Stress ethnology, Linear Models, Personal Protective Equipment supply & distribution, United States epidemiology, Mental Disorders ethnology, COVID-19 ethnology, Health Status Disparities, Racial Groups psychology, Racial Groups statistics & numerical data, Social Workers psychology, Social Workers statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Social work is an essential workforce integral to the United States' public health infrastructure and response to COVID-19. To understand stressors among frontline social workers during COVID-19, a cross-sectional study of U.S-based social workers (N = 1,407) in health settings was collected (in June through August 2020). Differences in outcome domains (health, mental health, personal protective equipment [PPE] access, financial stress) were examined by workers' demographics and setting. Ordinal logistic, multinomial, and linear regressions were conducted. Participants reported moderate or severe physical (57.3 percent) and mental (58.3 percent) health concerns; 39.3 percent expressed PPE access concerns. Social workers of color were more likely to report significantly higher levels of concern across all domains. Those identifying as Black, American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN), Asian American/Pacific Islander (AAPI), multiracial, or Hispanic/Latinx were over 50 percent more likely to experience either moderate or severe physical health concerns, 60 percent more likely to report severe mental health concerns, and over 30 percent more likely to report moderate PPE access concerns. The linear regression model was significantly associated with higher levels of financial stress for social workers of color. COVID-19 has exposed racial and social injustices that that hold true for social workers in health settings. Improved social systems are critical not just for those impacted by COVID-19, but also for the protection and sustainability of the current and future workforce responding to COVID-19., (© 2023 National Association of Social Workers.)
- Published
- 2023
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49. Temperature Effects on DNA Damage during Hibernation.
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de Wit L, Hamberg MR, Ross AM, Goris M, Lie FF, Ruf T, Giroud S, Henning RH, and Hut RA
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- Male, Female, Animals, Temperature, Body Temperature, DNA Damage, Hibernation physiology, Myoxidae, Torpor
- Abstract
AbstractDuring multiday torpor, deep-hibernating mammals maintain a hypometabolic state where heart rate and ventilation are reduced to 2%-4% of euthermic rates. It is hypothesized that this ischemia-like condition may cause DNA damage through reactive oxygen species production. The reason for intermittent rewarming (arousal) during hibernation might be to repair the accumulated DNA damage. Because increasing ambient temperatures ( T
a 's) shortens torpor bout duration, we hypothesize that hibernating at higher Ta 's will result in a faster accumulation of genomic DNA damage. To test this, we kept 39 male and female garden dormice at a Ta of either 5°C or 10°C and obtained tissue at 1, 4, and 8 d in torpor to assess DNA damage and recruitment of DNA repair markers in splenocytes. DNA damage in splenocytes measured by comet assay was significantly higher in almost all torpor groups than in summer euthermic groups. Damage accumulates in the first days of torpor at T a = 5 ° C (between days 1 and 4) but not at T a = 10 ° C . At the higher Ta , DNA damage is high at 24 h in torpor, indicating either a faster buildup of DNA damage at higher Ta 's or an incomplete repair during arousals in dormice. At 5°C, recruitment of the DNA repair protein 53BP1 paralleled the increase in DNA damage over time during torpor. In contrast, after 1 d in torpor at 10°C, DNA damage levels were high, but 53BP1 was not recruited to the nuclear DNA yet. The data suggest a potential mismatch in the DNA damage/repair dynamics during torpor at higher Ta 's.- Published
- 2023
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50. Epstein-Barr Virus and the Pathogenesis of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.
- Author
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Ross AM, Leahy CI, Neylon F, Steigerova J, Flodr P, Navratilova M, Urbankova H, Vrzalikova K, Mundo L, Lazzi S, Leoncini L, Pugh M, and Murray PG
- Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), defined as a group I carcinogen by the World Health Organization (WHO), is present in the tumour cells of patients with different forms of B-cell lymphoma, including Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, and, most recently, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Understanding how EBV contributes to the development of these different types of B-cell lymphoma has not only provided fundamental insights into the underlying mechanisms of viral oncogenesis, but has also highlighted potential new therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we describe the effects of EBV infection in normal B-cells and we address the germinal centre model of infection and how this can lead to lymphoma in some instances. We then explore the recent reclassification of EBV+ DLBCL as an established entity in the WHO fifth edition and ICC 2022 classifications, emphasising the unique nature of this entity. To that end, we also explore the unique genetic background of this entity and briefly discuss the potential role of the tumour microenvironment in lymphomagenesis and disease progression. Despite the recent progress in elucidating the mechanisms of this malignancy, much work remains to be done to improve patient stratification, treatment strategies, and outcomes.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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