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7. An application of agent-based modeling to explore the impact of decreasing incarceration rates and increasing drug treatment access on sero-discordant partnerships among people who inject drugs

Author

Linton, Sabriya L., Jarlais, Don C. Des, Ornstein, Joseph T., Kasman, Matt, Hammond, Ross, Kianian, Behzad, Smith, Justin C., Wolfe, Mary E, Ross, Zev, German, Danielle, Flynn, Colin, Raymond, Henry F., Klevens, R. Monina, Spencer, Emma, Schacht, John-Mark, Finlayson, Teresa, Paz-Bailey, Gabriela, Wejnert, Cyprian, and Cooper, Hannah L.F.

Published
2021
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11. Assessment of traffic-related noise in three cities in the United States

Author

Lee, Eunice Y, Jerrett, Michael, Ross, Zev, Coogan, Patricia F, and Seto, Edmund YW

Subjects
Cardiovascular, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Cities, Models, Theoretical, Motor Vehicles, Noise, Community noise, Noise survey, Traffic noise model, Vehicle count, Truck traffic, Chemical Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Toxicology
Abstract

BackgroundTraffic-related noise is a growing public health concern in developing and developed countries due to increasing vehicle traffic. Epidemiological studies have reported associations between noise exposure and high blood pressure, increased risk of hypertension and heart disease, and stress induced by sleep disturbance and annoyance. These findings motivate the need for regular noise assessments within urban areas. This paper assesses the relationships between traffic and noise in three US cities.MethodsNoise measurements were conducted in downtown areas in three cities in the United States: Atlanta, Los Angeles, and New York City. For each city, we measured ambient noise levels, and assessed their correlation with simultaneously measured vehicle counts, and with traffic data provided by local Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPO). Additionally, measured noise levels were compared to noise levels predicted by the Federal Highway Administration's Traffic Noise Model using (1) simultaneously measured traffic counts or (2) MPO traffic data sources as model input.ResultsWe found substantial variations in traffic and noise within and between cities. Total number of vehicle counts explained a substantial amount of variation in measured ambient noise in Atlanta (78%), Los Angeles (58%), and New York City (62%). Modeled noise levels were moderately correlated with measured noise levels when observed traffic counts were used as model input. Weaker correlations were found when MPO traffic data was used as model input.ConclusionsAmbient noise levels measured in all three cities were correlated with traffic data, highlighting the importance of traffic planning in mitigating noise-related health effects. Model performance was sensitive to the traffic data used as input. Future noise studies that use modeled noise estimates should evaluate traffic data quality and should ideally include other factors, such as local roadway, building, and meteorological characteristics.

Published
2014

12. Placental Abruption and Cardiovascular Event Risk (PACER): Design, data linkage, and preliminary findings.

Author

Ananth, Cande V., Lee, Rachel, Valeri, Linda, Ross, Zev, Graham, Hillary L., Khan, Shama P., Cabrera, Javier, Rosen, Todd, and Kostis, William J.

Subjects
ABRUPTIO placentae, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors, VITAL records (Births, deaths, etc.), PREMATURE labor, MULTIPLE imputation (Statistics), MISSING data (Statistics), COHORT analysis, PREGNANCY
Abstract

Background: Obstetrical complications impact the health of mothers and offspring along the life course, resulting in an increased burden of chronic diseases. One specific complication is abruption, a life‐threatening condition with consequences for cardiovascular health that remains poorly studied. Objectives: To describe the design and data linkage algorithms for the Placental Abruption and Cardiovascular Event Risk (PACER) cohort. Population: All subjects who delivered in New Jersey, USA, between 1993 and 2020. Design: Retrospective, population‐based, birth cohort study. Methods: We linked the vital records data of foetal deaths and live births to delivery and all subsequent hospitalisations along the life course for birthing persons and newborns. The linkage was based on a probabilistic record‐matching algorithm. Preliminary Results: Over the 28 years of follow‐up, we identified 1,877,824 birthing persons with 3,093,241 deliveries (1.1%, n = 33,058 abruption prevalence). The linkage rates for live births‐hospitalisations and foetal deaths‐hospitalisations were 92.4% (n = 2,842,012) and 70.7% (n = 13,796), respectively, for the maternal cohort. The corresponding linkage rate for the live births‐hospitalisations for the offspring cohort was 70.3% (n = 2,160,736). The median (interquartile range) follow‐up for the maternal and offspring cohorts was 15.4 (8.1, 22.4) and 14.4 (7.4, 21.0) years, respectively. We will undertake multiple imputations for missing data and develop inverse probability weights to account for selection bias owing to unlinked records. Conclusions: Pregnancy offers a unique window to study chronic diseases along the life course and efforts to identify the aetiology of abruption may provide important insights into the causes of future CVD. This project presents an unprecedented opportunity to understand how abruption may predispose women and their offspring to develop CVD complications and chronic conditions later in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. An Ill Wind: Methyl Bromide Use Near California Schools, 1998.

Author

Environmental Working Group, Washington, DC., Ross, Zev, and Walker, Bill

Abstract

A California study investigates the use of the toxic pesticide methyl bromide near the state's public schools, explains why proposed safety rules have failed to protect children and others from exposure, and examines regions at particular exposure risk. Study results show an increasing exposure to methyl bromide near schools already at risk while statewide use is decreasing. Further results show about one-third of the schools are a half mile or less from methyl bromide application sites, that some areas expose students many times per season to the pesticide, that potential exposure falls disproportionately on children of color, and that the strawberry crop appears to account for over half of all methyl bromide applied near California schools. Recommendations for regulations are presented and include the need for banning methyl bromide applications within 1,000 feet of schools; the development of "acceptable" exposure level standards tenfold higher for protecting children; notification in writing of potential methyl bromide applications that will occur within 1 mile of schools, facilities, and residences; and the need to increase research funding into finding alternatives for methyl bromide. (Contains 10 references). (GR)

Published
2000

15. Reading, Writing and Risk: Air Pollution Inside California's Portable Classrooms.

Author

Environmental Working Group, Washington, DC., Ross, Zev A., and Walker, Bill

Abstract

This California report examines the air pollution risk levels in the State's portable school facilities, the State's response, and recommendations for protecting children's and teachers' health in these types of classrooms. The report reveals that over two million California students spend the school day in buildings that may be harmful to their health. It states that some portable classrooms can expose children to toxic chemicals at levels that pose an unacceptable risk of cancer or other serious illnesses, but that California has no indoor air health standards for most toxins found in these types of buildings and has has failed to exercise effective oversight of air quality. What types of pollution health risks that exist in portable classrooms are detailed, particularly risks from formaldehyde and carbon dioxide. Additionally reported are the unintended consequences of the State's push for the use of portables to address student population increases. (Contains 59 references.) (GR)

Published
1999

16. Identifying Which Place Characteristics are Associated with the Odds of Recent HIV Testing in a Large Sample of People Who Inject Drugs in 19 US Metropolitan Areas

Author

Tempalski, Barbara, Cooper, Hannah L. F., Kelley, Mary E., Linton, Sabriya L., Wolfe, Mary E., Chen, Yen-Tyng, Ross, Zev, Des Jarlais, Don C., Friedman, Samuel R., Williams, Leslie D., Semaan, Salaam, DiNenno, Elizabeth, Wejnert, Cyprian, Broz, Dita, Paz-Bailey, Gabriela, and for the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Study Group

Published
2019
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19. Associations Between Neighborhood Characteristics, Social Cohesion, and Perceived Sex Partner Risk and Non-Monogamy Among HIV-Seropositive and HIV-Seronegative Women in the Southern U.S.

Author

Haley, Danielle F., Wingood, Gina M., Kramer, Michael R., Haardörfer, Regine, Adimora, Adaora A., Rubtsova, Anna, Edmonds, Andrew, Goswami, Neela D., Ludema, Christina, Hickson, DeMarc A., Ramirez, Catalina, Ross, Zev, Bolivar, Hector, and Cooper, Hannah L. F.

Published
2018
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20. Associations of place characteristics with HIV and HCV risk behaviors among racial/ethnic groups of people who inject drugs in the United States

Author

Taussig, Jennifer, Johnson, Shacara, Todd, Jeff, Flynn, Colin, German, Danielle, Isenberg, Debbie, Driscoll, Maura, Hurwitz, Elizabeth, Prachand, Nikhil, Benbow, Nanette, Melville, Sharon, Yeager, Richard, Dyer, Jim, Novoa, Alicia, Thrun, Mark, Al-Tayyib, Alia, Higgins, Emily, Mokotoff, Eve, Griffin, Vivian, Sayegh, Aaron, Risser, Jan, Rehman, Hafeez, Bingham, Trista, Sey, Ekow Kwa, Metsch, Lisa, Forrest, David, Beck, Dano, Cardenas, Gabriel, Nemeth, Chris, Smith, Lou, Watson, Carol-Ann, Robinson, William T., Gruber, DeAnn, Barak, Narquis, Neaigus, Alan, Jenness, Samuel, Wendel, Travis, Gelpi-Acosta, Camila, Hagan, Holly, Godette, Henry, Bolden, Barbara, D'Errico, Sally, Brady, Kathleen A., Kirkland, Althea, Shpaner, Mark, Miguelino-Keasling, Vanessa, Velasco, Al, Raymond, H. Fisher, De Leo'n, Sandra Miranda, Rolo'n-Colo'n, Yadira, Courogen, Maria, Thiede, Hanne, Burt, Richard, Herbert, Michael, Friedberg, Yelena, Wrigley, Dale, Fisher, Jacob, Sansone, Marie, West-Ojo, Tiffany, Magnus, Manya, Kuo, Irene, Linton, Sabriya L., Cooper, Hannah L.F., Kelley, Mary E., Karnes, Conny C., Ross, Zev, Wolfe, Mary E., Chen, Yen-Tyng, Friedman, Samuel R., Des Jarlais, Don, Semaan, Salaam, Tempalski, Barbara, Sionean, Catlainn, DiNenno, Elizabeth, Wejnert, Cyprian, and Paz-Bailey, Gabriela

Published
2016
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24. Additional file 1 of Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT and HEAT Plus): exploring inequalities in the COVID-19 pandemic era

Author

Kirkby, Katherine, Schlotheuber, Anne, Vidal Fuertes, Cecilia, Ross, Zev, and Hosseinpoor, Ahmad Reza

Abstract

Additional file 1: Figure 3(a). Horizontal line graph. Figure 3(b). Vertical bar graph. Figure 3(c). Horizontal bar graph. Figure 3(d). Line graph. Figure 3(e). Scatterplot. Figure 3(f). Map. Figure 4(a). The proportion of people feeling depressed and feeling worried about catching COVID-19 by age, education and sex: global median disaggregated estimates (UMD-CTIS, May 2021–January 2022). Figure 4(b). The proportion of people worried about catching COVID-19 by age, education and sex: difference and ratio between the two (extreme) subgroups (UMD-CTIS, May 2021–January 2022). Figure 4(c). Age-related inequality among females and males in the proportion of people feeling depressed for most or all of the past 7 days: difference between the oldest and youngest age groups (UMD-CTIS, May 2020–January 2022). Figure 4(d). Age-related inequality in the proportion of people worried about catching COVID-19: disaggregated estimates in 24 European high income countries (UMD-CTIS, July 2021 andNovember 2021). Figure 4(e). The proportion of people worried about catching COVID-19: age-related inequality (measured by the difference between the oldest and youngest age groups) compared to the national average in 24 European high income countries (UMD-CTIS, November 2021).

Published
2023
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