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Objective: Develop and validate a leaflet to guide health professionals in preventive measures related to injuries caused by the use of personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: For the construction of the brochure, an integrative review was carried out in the main databases. The evaluation of the leaflet was made by 59 health professionals (nurses, physiotherapists, and doctors), using the Delphi technique. Results: In the first evaluation cycle, the items in the brochure were considered by the judges to be “inadequate” to “adequate”; the Content Validity Index was 0.80-1.0. After the adjustments suggested by the judges were implemented, the leaflet was sent back to the second evaluation cycle, in which all items were considered “adequate”, resulting in a Content Validity Index of 1.0. Conclusion: The developed brochure has content validity and can assist health professionals in preventing injuries caused by the use of personal protective equipment the developed brochure has content validity and can assist health professionals in preventing injuries caused by the use of personal protective equipment.

Objective: To build and validate algorithms for prevention and treatment of incontinence-associated dermatitis. Method: A methodological study. An integrative review of articles published from 2009 to 2019 was carried out after a literature search in the main Health Sciences databases for the construction of the algorithms. The algorithms were evaluated by 27 nurses using the Delphi technique. The content validity index was used for data analysis. Results: The judges evaluated the algorithms from inadequate to adequate in the first round of consultation, and from adequate to totally adequate in the second round of consultation. The global content validity index was 0.923 in the first consultation and 1.0 in the second consultation. Conclusion: After reviewing the literature, the algorithms were constructed and validated by professionals with experience in the area, reaching agreement among the judges in the second round of consultation.

Objective: To build and validate algorithms for prevention and treatment of incontinence-associated dermatitis. Method: A methodological study. An integrative review of articles published from 2009 to 2019 was carried out after a literature search in the main Health Sciences databases for the construction of the algorithms. The algorithms were evaluated by 27 nurses using the Delphi technique. The content validity index was used for data analysis. Results: The judges evaluated the algorithms from inadequate to adequate in the first round of consultation, and from adequate to totally adequate in the second round of consultation. The global content validity index was 0.923 in the first consultation and 1.0 in the second consultation. Conclusion: After reviewing the literature, the algorithms were constructed and validated by professionals with experience in the area, reaching agreement among the judges in the second round of consultation.

Objective: To compare the performance and effectiveness of a hydrocolloid dressing (HD) and a transparent polyurethane film (PF) in preventing pressure ulcer (PU) development. Method: The study was conducted in the intensive care unit, coronary care unit and medical clinic of the Holy House of Mercy of Passos, Brazil. Data were collected 48 hours after admission and during hospitalisation. The Braden scale was used for PU risk assessment. Consecutive eligible patients without PUs were randomly assigned by lottery to the two groups, either the HD or PF group. Results: Of the 160 eligible patients, significant between-group differences were found in the mean total number of dressing changes (HD, 6.09 ± 1.655 changes; PF, 5.59 ± 2.036 changes; p=0.010), and mean number of dressing changes in the sacral region (HD, 2.50 ± 0.871; PF, 2.05 ± 0.825; p=0.001), with the PF group requiring significantly fewer changes than the HD group. The most common reasons for changing dressings in both groups were moisture (PF 51.1%; HD 47.9%) and shear (HD 43%; PF 38.9%), with a significant difference in shear between groups. The incidence of PUs was significantly lower (p=0.038) in the PF group (8.7%) compared with that in the HD group (15%). Conclusion: The results suggest that the transparent polyurethane film had a better performance and was more effective than the hydrocolloid dressing in preventing PU development.

Aim To assess feelings of powerlessness in patients with either venous or diabetic foot ulcers. Methods This was an exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted from May 2010 to August 2012. Two hundred adult patients with either venous leg ulcers ( N =100) or diabetic foot ulcers ( N =100) were consecutively recruited from an outpatient wound care clinic of a university hospital in the city of Sao Paulo (Brazil). Eligibility criteria included patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes and foot ulcers, and those with venous leg ulcers and ankle-arm index between 0.8 and 1.0. Patients unable to respond to a questionnaire due to physical or cognitive deficit were excluded. Two instruments were used for data collection: a questionnaire assessing sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and the Powerlessness Assessment Tool (PAT) for adult patients. Results Most patients were women, aged 60–70 years, and smokers. Fifty-seven patients (57%) with diabetes had had foot ulcers for 3–6 years and 55 (55%) patients had had venous ulcers for 7–10 years. Wound odor and exudate were present in most ulcers. The total PAT score was significantly higher ( P =0.002) for patients with foot ulcers (mean, 57.10) than for patients with venous ulcers (mean, 55.12). The highest mean scores for patients with venous and diabetic foot ulcers were 58.09 and 58.10, respectively, on the "self-perception of decision-making capacity" domain. Conclusion Patients with venous and diabetic foot ulcers had very strong feelings of powerlessness, but these feelings were significantly stronger in those with foot ulcerations.

Objective: To assess feelings of powerlessness in patients with venous leg ulcers. Method: An exploratory, descriptive, analytic, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Plastic Surgery outpatient Clinic of the São Paulo Hospital (HSP) and at the outpatient Wound-Care Clinic of the Sorocaba Hospital Complex (CHS), brazil, from may 2010 to April 2012. Sixty patients with venous leg ulcers (VLUs), of both sexes, aged s≥18 years, from the two outpatient wound-care clinics were selected to participate in the study. All participants responded to the Powerlessness Assessment Tool (PAT) for adult patients. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test at a significance level of 5% (pResults: Forty-four (73%) patients were women and 38 (63%) were aged 61–70 years. Eight (13%) patients were alcoholics and 46 (77%) were smokers. Thirty-two (53%) patients had a VLU for more than 10 years; the ulcer area ranged from 11–20 cm2 in 19 (32%) patients and was s>30 cm2 in 18 (30%) patients. Mean total PAT score was 47.83 s± 7.99 and ranged from 51–60 for 31 (52%) patients and from 41–50 for 19 (32%) patients. Conclusion: Most patients with venous leg ulcers reported high PAT scores, revealing the presence of strong feelings of powerlessness. Declaration of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the costs of using a transparent polyurethane film (PF) and hydrocolloid dressing (HD) in the prevention of pressure ulcers (PUs). Method: This descriptive, observational, longitudinal, comparative study was conducted in the intensive care units, coronary care unit and medical clinic of a charity hospital in Brazil. Data were collected during a 30-day study period, consisting of physical examination, assessment of risk factors for PU development and application of the Braden scale, which were performed at inclusion in the study and once daily during hospitalisation. Either PF or HD was applied bilaterally in the sacral and trochanteric regions for prevention of PUs in patients at a moderate to high risk of PUs according to the Braden scale, and costs of using PU preventive dressings were estimated. Results: The mean total costs per dressing change per patient when using the HD and PF to prevent PUs were 413.60 BRL and 74.04 BRL, respectively. There were significant between-group differences in mean costs for all variables, except for saline solution and nurse-technician services. Conclusion: Results showed that the mean cost per dressing change per patient was lower when using the transparent PF than when using the HD.

RESUMO Objetivo : descrever a construcao e validacao de um algoritmo com indicacoes de procedimentos para a limpeza e terapia topica de feridas. Metodo : estudo analitico, prospectivo, descritivo com respaldo de revisao da literatura. Para a construcao do algoritmo, foi realizada uma pesquisa nas bases de dados das Ciencias da Saude. Trinta profissionais de saude participaram como juizes na validacao do algoritmo, respondendo a um questionario via e-mail. Resultados : os juizes consideraram que o algoritmo apresenta informacoes capazes de apoiar a decisao do profissional na escolha da tecnica de limpeza da ferida e na conduta terapeutica. A analise estatistica mostrou que as questoes relacionadas a construcao e validacao do algoritmo apresentavam excelente confiabilidade, com alfa de Cronbach de 0,962. Conclusao : a versao validada do algoritmo construido com base na literatura e validado por profissionais de saude mostrou confiabilidade estatistica para a indicacao da limpeza e da terapia topica em feridas. Descritores : Algoritmos; Avaliacao em Enfermagem; Cicatrizacao; Ferimentos e Lesoes; Cuidados de Enfermagem; Protocolo clinico. ABSTRACT Objective : to describe the construction and validation of an algorithm with indications of procedures for cleaning and topical wound therapy. Method : this is an analytical, prospective, descriptive study supported by literature review. For the construction of the algorithm, a research was carried out with Health Sciences databases. Thirty health professionals participated as judges in the validation of the algorithm, responding to a questionnaire via e-mail. Results : the judges considered that the algorithm presents information capable of supporting the decision of the professional in the choice of the wound cleaning technique and the therapy. The statistical analysis showed that the issues related to the construction and validation of the algorithm presented excellent reliability, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.962. Conclusion : The validated version of the algorithm based on the literature and validated by health professionals showed statistical reliability for the indication of cleanliness and topical wound therapy. Descriptors : Algorithms; Nursing Assessment; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries; Nursing Care. RESUMEN Objetivo : describir la construccion y validacion de un algoritmo con indicaciones de procedimientos para la limpieza y terapia topica de heridas. Metodo : estudio analitico, prospectivo, descriptivo con respaldo de revision de la literatura. Para la construccion del algoritmo, fue realizada una investigacion junto a bases de datos de las Ciencias de la Salud. Treinta profesionales de salud participaron como jueces en la validacion del algoritmo, respondiendo a un cuestionario via e-mail. Resultados : los jueces consideraron que el algoritmo presenta informaciones capaces de apoyar la decision del profesional en la eleccion de la tecnica de limpieza de la herida y en la conducta terapeutica. El analisis estadistico mostro que las preguntas relacionadas a la construccion y validacion del algoritmo presentaban excelente confiabilidad, con alfa de Cronbach de 0,962. Conclusion : la version validada del algoritmo construido con base en la literatura y validado por profesionales de salud mostro confiabilidad estadistica para la indicacion de la limpieza y de la terapia topica en heridas. Descriptores : Algoritmos; Evaluacion en Enfermeria; Cicatrizacion de Heridas; Heridas y Lesiones; Atencion de Enfermeria.

Objective: to describe the development of a mobile application for evaluation and treatment of wounds. Method: methodological study. Literature search was carried out with the descriptors: wounds and injuries; dressings; cicatrization. The following steps were followed: planning of content; selection of application tools; configuration of environments, tools and educational resources; building the Internet environment for downloading and installing the application on mobile devices. Results: fifteen articles were selected through literature search. The application has an easy-to-use graphical interface. It stores the patient's sociodemographic characteristics, allows assessment of the wound and risk factors and recommends therapeutic procedures. Conclusion: the application developed may be very useful in clinical practice, helping to select nursing interventions for wound prevention and treatment, as well as in nursing education. Descriptors : Mobile Applications; Software; Lasers; Wounds and injuries; Algorithms; Nursing care. RESUMO Objetivo : descrever o desenvolvimento de um aplicativo movel para a avaliacao e tratamento de feridas. Metodo : estudo metodologico. Foi feita a pesquisa da literatura com os descritores: ferimentos e lesoes; bandagens; cicatrizacao. Foram realizados o planejamento do conteudo, a selecao das ferramentas do aplicativo, a definicao da configuracao de ambientes, ferramentas e recursos educacionais, a construcao do ambiente na Internet para download e instalacao do aplicativo no dispositivo movel. Resultados : quinze artigos foram selecionados atraves da pesquisa da literatura. O aplicativo criado possui uma interface grafica de facil uso, armazena as caracteristicas sociodemograficas do paciente, permite a avaliacao da ferida e de fatores de risco e recomenda procedimentos terapeuticos. Conclusao : o aplicativo desenvolvido pode ter grande utilidade na pratica clinica, ajudando a selecionar intervencoes de enfermagem para a prevencao e tratamento de feridas, bem como na educacao em enfermagem. Descritores : Aplicativos Moveis; Software; Lasers; Ferimentos e Lesoes; Algortimos; Cuidados de enfermagem. RESUMEN Objetivo : describir el desarrollo de un aplicativo movil para la evaluacion y tratamiento de heridas. Metodo : estudio metodologico. Fue hecha la investigacion de la literatura con los descriptores: heridas y lesiones; vendajes; cicatrizacion. Fueron realizados el planeamiento del contenido, la seleccion de las herramientas del aplicativo, la definicion de la configuracion de ambientes, herramientas y recursos educacionales, la construccion del ambiente en Internet para download e instalacion del aplicativo en el dispositivo movil. Resultados : quince articulos fueron seleccionados a traves de la investigacion de la literatura. El aplicativo creado posee una interface grafica de facil uso, almacena las caracteristicas sociodemograficas del paciente, permite la evaluacion de la herida y de factores de riesgo y recomienda procedimientos terapeuticos. Conclusion : el aplicativo desarrollado puede tener grande utilidad en la practica clinica, ayudando a seleccionar intervenciones de enfermeria para la prevencion y tratamiento de heridas, asi como en la educacion en enfermeria. Descriptores : Aplicaciones Moviles; Programas Informaticos; Heridas y Lesiones; Evaluacion.

RESUMO Objetivo : descrever o desenvolvimento de um aplicativo movel para tratamento de feridas com laserterapia. Metodo : estudo metodologico, desenvolvido entre abril e setembro de 2017, envolvendo revisao da literatura, planejamento e producao do conteudo didatico, definicao da estrutura de navegacao e construcao de um ambiente para download e instalacao do aplicativo em dispositivos moveis. Resultados : quinze artigos, dois livros e uma dissertacao foram selecionados a partir de pesquisa da literatura. O aplicativo desenvolvido registra as caracteristicas sociodemograficas do paciente e, a partir dos dados de avaliacao da ferida e de fatores de risco obtidos pelo profissional de saude, propoe os parâmetros a serem utilizados em laserterapia. Conclusao : o aplicativo desenvolvido tem potencial de utilizacao na pratica clinica, podendo auxiliar na selecao de parâmetros de laserterapia no tratamento de feridas, bem como na educacao em enfermagem. Descritores : Aplicativos Moveis; Software; Lasers; Ferimentos e Lesoes; Avaliacao; Algoritmos. ABSTRACT Objective : to describe the development of a mobile application for treatment of wounds with laser therapy. Method : this is a methodological study, developed between April and September 2017, involving literature review, planning and production of didactic content, definition of the navigation structure, and construction of an environment for downloading and installing the application on mobile devices. Results : fifteen articles, two books, and one dissertation were selected from literature research. The developed application registers the sociodemographic characteristics of the patient, and from the data of evaluation of the wound and of risk factors obtained by the health professional, the parameters to be used in laser therapy were propose. Conclusion : the developed application has potential for use in clinical practice, and may help in the selection of laser therapy parameters in wound treatment, as well as in nursing education. Descriptors : Mobile Applications; Software; Lasers; Wounds and Injuries, Evaluation; Algorithms. RESUMEN Objetivo : describir el desarrollo de un aplicativo movil para tratamiento de heridas con terapia de laser. Metodo : estudio metodologico, desarrollado entre abril y setiembre de 2017, envolviendo revision de la literatura, planeamiento y produccion del contenido didactico, definicion de la estructura de navegacion, y construccion de un ambiente para download e instalacion del aplicativo en dispositivos moviles. Resultados : quince articulos, dos libros y una disertacion fueron seleccionados a partir de investigacion de la literatura. El aplicativo desarrollado registra las caracteristicas sociodemograficas del paciente, y a partir de los datos de evaluacion de la herida y de factores de riesgo obtenidos por el profesional de salud, proponen los parametros a ser utilizados en laserterapia. Conclusion : el aplicativo desarrollado tiene potencial de utilizacion en la practica clinica, pudiendo auxiliar en la seleccion de parametros de laserterapia en el tratamiento de heridas, asi como en la educacion en enfermeria. Descriptores : Aplicaciones Moviles; Programas Informaticos; Rayos Laser; Heridas y Lesiones, Evaluacion, Algoritmos.

INTRODUÇÃO: O trauma raquimedular é um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de úlcera por pressão, em decorrência das várias alterações sensitivas e motoras que o acompanham. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o nível de depressão em indivíduos com lesões medulares portadores de úlcera por pressão. MÉTODO: Trata-se de estudo exploratório, descritivo e analítico, que incluiu 50 pacientes com lesão medular com úlcera por pressão. Os dados foram coletados no período compreendido entre fevereiro de 2010 e maio de 2011. Para avaliação do nível de depressão, foi utilizado o Inventário de Depressão de Beck. RESULTADOS: Trinta e dois (64%) pacientes tinham idade entre 21 anos e 30 anos, 34 (68%) não tinham ocupação, 29 (58%) eram casados ou em união estável e 31 (62%) não praticavam atividades desportivas. Dezoito (36%) pacientes foram vítimas de acidente de trânsito e 22 (44%), de arma de fogo. Com relação ao tempo de lesão medular, 10 (20%) pacientes sofreram a lesão havia 2 anos e 9 (18%), 5 anos. Quanto à categoria/estágio da úlcera por pressão, 23 (46%) pacientes eram da categoria/estágio III e 18 (36%), da categoria/estágio II. Trinta (60%) pacientes apresentavam úlceras por pressão com presença de exsudato e odor. No que se refere ao nível de depressão, 14 (28%) dos pacientes apresentaram depressão considerada leve a moderada, 8 (16%), depressão moderada a grave e 3 (6%), depressão grave. No que concerne aos sintomas de depressão, 48 (96%) pacientes apresentaram distorção da imagem corporal, 31 (62%), autodepreciação, 30 (60%), retração social e 48 (96%), distúrbio do sono. CONCLUSÕES: A maioria dos indivíduos com lesão medular com úlcera por pressão apresentou depressão, tendo como principais sintomas: distorção da imagem corporal, autodepreciação, retração social e ideia suicida. BACKGROUND: Spinal cord trauma is a risk factor for the development of pressure ulcers owing to various sensory and motor changes associated with this condition. This study aimed to assess the level of depression in patients with spinal cord injuries and pressure ulcers. METHODS: This was an exploratory, descriptive, and analytical study, which included 50 patients with spinal cord injuries and pressure ulcers. The data were collected between February 2010 and May 2011. In these individuals, the level of depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS:Among the patients, 32 (64%) were aged between 21 and 30 years, 34 (68%) were unemployed, 29 (58%) were married or in stable relationship, and 31 (62%) did not practice sports activities. In all, 18 (36%) patients developed spinal injuries owing to traffic accidents and 22 (44%) developed these owing to firearms. In all, 10 (20%) patients had developed spinal cord injuries since 2 years and 9 (18%) patients since 5 years. Category/stage III pressure ulcers were detected in 23 (46%) patients, and category/stage II pressure ulcers were noted in 18 (36%). Further, in 30 (60%) patients, pressure ulcers were associated with the presence of exudate and odor. In all, 14 (28%) patients had mild-to-moderate depression, 8 (16%) had moderate-to-severe depression, and 3 (6%) patients had severe depression. Depressive symptoms were noted in 48 (96%) patients with body image issues, 31 (62%) with self-deprecation, 30 (60%) with social withdrawal, and 48 (96%) with sleep disorders. CONCLUSIONS:Most individuals with spinal cord injuries and pressure ulcers had depression, and their main symptoms included body image issues, self-deprecation, social withdrawal, and suicidal thoughts.