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Nanocurcumin (NaC) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) play crucial role in weight and inflammation control. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the separate and combined effects of 8 weeks of Tabata-HIIT and NaC supplementation on the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 ( NLRP3 ) inflammasome, long non-coding RNA myocardial infarction associated transcript ( lncRNA MIAT ) expression, body composition, and cardiorespiratory health in elderly overweight women. A total of 48 healthy overweight elderly women were randomly divided into four groups: NaC, Tabata-HIIT+Pla, Tabata-HIIT+NaC, and placebo. Participants underwent a Tabata HIIT program (2 days per week, at 80∼0% of maximal HR) and NaC supplementation (daily 80 mg in two 40 mg capsules) for 8 weeks. Blood sampling, cardiorespiratory hemodynamic responses, and body composition evaluations were obtained before and after treadmill stress testing at the baseline timepoint and following 8 weeks of intervention. The mRNA of lncRNA-MIAT and NLRP3 were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. After 8 weeks, a significant improvement was observed in body composition and cardiorespiratory hemodynamics in the Tabata-HIIT groups compared to the NaC alone and placebo groups ( P <0.05). Tabata training, both with and without the addition of nano curcumin supplementation, did not result significant effect on the resting levels of lncRNA-MIAT expression ( P >0.05). Nevertheless, NaC supplementation along with Tabata training led to a significant reduction in NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, NaC supplementation in overweight/preobese women improved systemic inflammation during treadmill stress testing. These findings indicating the suppressive effects of non-pharmacologic interventions on the sympathetic system and downregulation of the inflammasome., Competing Interests: AUTHOR DISCLOSURE STATEMENT The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 by The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.)

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory effect of supplemental taurine prior to and following incremental exercise in patients with heart failure (HF)., Methods: Patients with HF and left ventricle ejection fraction less than 50%, and placed in functional class II or III according to the New York Heart Association classification, were randomly assigned to two groups: (1) taurine supplementation; or (2) placebo. The taurine group received oral taurine (500 mg) 3 times a day for 2 weeks, and performed exercise before and after the supplementation period. The placebo group followed the same protocol, but with a starch supplement (500 mg) rather than taurine. The incremental multilevel treadmill test was done using a modified Bruce protocol., Results: Our results indicate that inflammatory indices [C-reactive protein (CRP), platelets] decreased in the taurine group in pre-exercise, post-supplementation and post-exercise, post-supplementation as compared with pre-exercise, pre-supplementation ( p < 0.05) whereas these indices increased in pre-exercise, post-supplementation and post-exercise, post-supplementation as compared with pre-exercise, pre-supplementation in the placebo group ( p < 0.05). Our results also show that atherogenic indices [Castelli's Risk Index-I (CRI-I), Castelli's Risk Index-II (CRI-II) and Atherogenic Coefficient (AC)] decreased in the taurine group in pre-exercise, post-supplementation and post-exercise, post-supplementation as compared with pre-exercise, pre-supplementation ( p < 0.05). No such changes were noted in the placebo group ( p > 0.05)., Conclusions: our results suggest that 2 weeks of oral taurine supplementation increases the taurine levels and has anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory effects prior to and following incremental exercise in HF patients.

Purpose: This study examined the effect of various modes of exercise on parasympathetic reactivation in children., Methods: Twelve healthy boys volunteered for this study. Time domain measurement of heart rate variability in 5 and 10 min and heart rate recovery (HRR) in 1 (HRR1) and 2 min (HRR2) were measured during recovery after incremental exercise tests by a 12-lead ECG. Incremental exercise tests were performed using either upper (arm cranking) or lower body (cycling) ergometers., Results: The amounts of increase in RMSSD and PNN50 in 5 and 10 min of recovery were higher in arm cranking compared to cycling. HRR1 and HRR2 were significantly higher after arm cranking compared to cycling., Conclusions: These results suggest that parasympathetic reactivation is likely greater following exercises that use smaller muscle mass (arm cranking) rather than larger muscle mass (cycling) in healthy boys.

After intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg lead acetate, rats received 8 weeks of treadmill exercise (15-22 m/min, 25-64 minutes) and/or treadmill exercise at 1.6 km/h until exhaustion. The markers related to neurotoxicity were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. 8 weeks of treadmill exercise significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor level in the hippocampus (P = 0.04) and plasma level of total antioxidant capacity of rats exposed to lead acetate (P < 0.001), and significantly decreased plasma level of malondialdehyde (P < 0.001). Acute exercise only decreased the hippocampal malondialdehyde level (P = 0.09) and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor level in the hippocampus (P = 0.66). Acute exercise also enhanced the total antioxidant capacity in rats exposed to lead acetate, insignificantly (P = 0.99). These findings suggest that chronic treadmill exercise can significantly decrease neurotoxicity and alleviate oxidative stress in rats exposed to lead acetate. However, acute endurance exercise was not associated with these beneficial effects.

Context: For many years it has been known that lead is life-threatening, not only as an air pollutant but also because of it has been associated with several conditions including neurodegenerative disease. Curcumin (the principal curcuminoid found in turmeric) has demonstrated potent antioxidant properties., Objective: We investigated neuroprotective effects of endurance exercise and/or curcumin on lead acetate-induced neurotoxicity in the rat hippocampus., Materials and Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: 1) lead acetate, 2) curcumin, 3) training, 4) training + curcumin, and 5) control. The rats in the training groups performed treadmill running five times a week for 8 weeks (15-22 m/min, 25-64 min). All groups except control received lead acetate (20 mg/kg), whereas the control group received curcumin solution (ethyl oleate). In addition, the curcumin and training + curcumin groups received curcumin solution (30 mg/kg) intraperioneally., Results: Lead acetate resulted in a significantly increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma (72%), but not significant in hippocampus (59%). In addition, it led to significantly decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampus (17%) and total antioxidant capacity (27%), as compared to control group. Treadmill running, curcumin supplementation or both resulted in a significant decrease in hippocampus MDA (17, 20, 31%, respectively) and plasma MDA (60, 22, 71%) and also, significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (76, 45, 94%) and total antioxidant capacity (47.13, 47.11, 61%) levels, as compared to lead acetate group., Discussion and Conclusion: These results provide a rationale for an inhibitory role of curcumin and regular exercise in the attenuation of lead-induced neurotoxicity.

The effect of aerobic training and Ferula gummosa supplementation (90 mg/kg) on apelinergic system and markers of cardiac stress in hypertensive rats were studied. Chronically administered l-NAME resulted in an increased level of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), malondialdehyde (MDA), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and also reduced the levels of apelin, apelin and its receptor (APJ), and nitric oxide (NO) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), when compared with the control group. The combination of aerobic exercise and Ferula gummosa decreased MDA and hs-CRP and significantly increased cardiac apelinergic system, NO, and TAC, when compared with the control and the l-NAME groups. A rationale for an inhibitory role and a cardioprotective effect of aerobic exercise training in the attenuation of hypertension-induced cardiotoxicity was developed.

Aims: To examine the pretreatment effects of regular aerobic training on the IGF system (IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and IGF/IGFBP) and doxorubicin(DOX) induced hepatotoxicity in rats., Materials and Methods: Forty-eight male rats were divided into groups:(1) control+placebo (2)control+DOX10 mg.kg-1 (3)control+DOX20 mg.kg-1 (4) training+placebo (5) training+DOX10 mg.kg-1 (6) training+DOX20 mg.kg-1. Hepatotoxicity was induced by DOX with dosages of 10 and 20 mg.kg-1. The rats in groups 4, 5 and 6 performed treadmill running of 25-54 min/day and 15-20 m/min, 5 days/wk for 6 wks. At the end of the aerobic training protocol, rats in the 1 and 4 groups, in the 2 and 5 groups and in the 3 and 6 groups received saline solution, DOX10 mg.kg-1 and DOX20 mg.kg-1, respectively., Results: Administration of DOX20 mg.kg-1 caused a significant increase in IGF-1 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3, an insignificant decrease in IGFBP-3, as compared to the control+placebo group. However, after six weeks of aerobic training and DOX treatment with 10mg.kg-1 and or/ 20mg.kg-1 an insignificant decrease in IGF-1, an insignificant increase in IGFBP-3 and a significant decrease in IGF-1/IGFBP-3 were detected, in comparison to C+DOX10 and C+DOX20., Conclusions: Hepatotoxicity of doxorubicin is dose-dependent and pretreatment with regular aerobic training may improve DOX-induced hepatotoxicity by up-regulation of IGFBP3.

Background: Doxorubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic commonly used to treat a variety of cancers as a most effective antitumor. However, its clinical use is associated with the toxic effects in numerous healthy tissues. Here we investigated the pretreatment effect of regular aerobic exercise on oxidative stress in rats acutely exposed to DOX-induced hepatotoxicity., Materials and Methods: Forty-eight Wistar male rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: control and training. The training protocol included treadmill running between 25 to 54 min/day and 15 to 20 m/min, 5 days/week for 6 weeks. At the end of the exercise training protocol, rats from the control and trained groups were again randomly separated into 3 subgroups: DOX 10 mg/kg, DOX 20 mg/kg and saline. All treatments were carried 24 h after the last exercise bout and animals were sacrificed 24 h after DOX and saline injections., Results: Administration of DOX (10 and 20 mg.kg-1) resulted in imbalance in biomarkers related to oxidants and antioxidants in liver tissue, as compared to control groups. Six weeks of pretreatment training led to a significant increase in nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) as compared to the control+DOX 10 mg/kg group. Training before DOX 20 mg/kg administration also led to a significant increase in NO and SOD, and a significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, there was a significant difference between DOX 10 mg/kg and DOX 20 mg/kg treatments in MDA levels, only., Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that pretreatment with aerobic exercise induces positive adaptations and has a potential protective effect against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced hepatotoxicity with doses of 10 and 20 mg.kg.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most frequent diseases in women today. Little information exists on modifiable lifestyle factors including effects of ginger supplements (as an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory herbal) and water-based exercise on biomarkers related to oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and adiponectin in obese women with breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the single and concomitant effect of 6-wks water-based exercise and oral ginger supplement on the aforesaid markers in obese women with breast cancer., Materials and Methods: Forty women diagnosed with breast cancer (48 ± 5.4 years, 76 ± 9 kg, fat mass 41.8 ± 4%), volunteered to participate in the study. Subjects were randomly assigned into four groups; placebo, water-based exercise, ginger supplement and water-based exercise+ginger supplement groups. Subjects in the ginger supplement group and the water-based exercise+ginger supplement group orally received 4 capsules (each capsule contained 750 mg), 7 days a week for 6 weeks. The water-based exercise program featured progressive increase in intensity and time, ranging from 50% to 75% of heart rate reserve, in a pool with 15 meters width, 4 times a week for 6 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected at pre-test and post-test time points., Results: The ginger supplementation and or the water-base exercise resulted in an increase of adiponectin, NO and GPx and reduction MDA, as compared to pre-test values. However, the combined intervention (water-base exercise and ginger supplement) group showed significantly a far better effect on the biomarkers related to oxidative stress and adiponectin levels, as compared to the water- base exercise or ginger supplement alone groups and the age-matched placebo group., Conclusions: Our results revealed that water-base exercise is a non-drug therapeutic strategy to reduce systemic stress in obese women suffering from breast cancer. Further, ginger supplementation alone or in combination with training, also play an important role in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress in obese women diagnosed with breast cancer.

This study evaluates the effect of treadmill exercise and Ferula gummosa (FG) on heat shock protein (HSP72), biomarkers related to vascular function, and oxidant/antioxidant system in the heart tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME). Fifty adult male Wistar rats are randomly classified into five groups: treadmill exercise, FG, combination of treadmill exercise + FG, L-NAME, and saline. Treadmill exercise was performed between 25 and 64 minutes at the speed of 15-22 m per minute for 8 weeks and five sessions a week. The FG will be fed through gavage with 90 mg/kg dosage. Hypertension was induced by l-NAME (10 mg/kg) for 8 weeks and six sessions a week. Administration of L-NAME for 8 weeks caused significant increase in HSP72, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and protein carbonyl (PC), and significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and nitric oxide (NO) level, when compared with the saline group. In contrast, both treadmill exercise and/or FG protocols, in particular, the combined protocol, led to the improvement in HSP72 and balance in oxidant/antioxidant process and inhibited vascular dysfunction, when compared with the L-NAME group. Moreover, no significant differences were detected in the HSP72 level between rats in the treadmill exercise and FG groups. These results provide a rationale for an inhibitory role and a cardioprotective effect of lifestyle related to the health in the attenuation of hypertension-induced cardiotoxicity.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine pretreatment effects of moderate-term endurance training before the various dosages (10 and 20 mg.kg(-1)) of DOX on a heat shock protein (HSP70 kda) and cardiotoxicity in heart tissue., Methods: Forty-eight male rats were randomly assigned to nontraining (NT) and training (T) groups and three subgroups; DOX10 mg.kg(-1) and DOX20 mg.kg(-1) and saline treatment. The training program included treadmill running between 25-39 min/day and 15-17 m/min, 5 days/wk for 3 wk., Result: DOX administration, in particularly with 20 mg.kg(-1), caused up-regulation of oxidants and cardiac damage (MDA, CK, CPK-MB and CK/ CPK-MB) and down-regulation of cardioprotection (HSP70, SOD) markers, as compared to NT+saline group. Pretreatment effect of treadmill running endurance exercise in the presence of DOX with 10 mg.kg(-1) caused a significant increase in HSP70, SOD and a significant decrease in MDA and insignificant decrease in CK, CPK-MB and CK/CPK-MB, in comparisonT+DOX10 with NT+DOX10 group. However, there was no significant difference between T+DOX10 mg.kg(-1) and T+DOX20 mg.kg(-1) in the aforesaid markers., Conclusion: Dox-induced cardiotoxicity is related to oxidative stress. Our study suggests that pretreatment with endurance exercise may be considered as a potentially useful strategy to improve myocardial tolerance against single dose DOX-induced oxidative damage.

Background and Objective: Cardiotoxicity and oxidative stress is a life-threatening side effect of doxorubicin (DOX). We investigate the effects of short-term exercise as therapeutic tool for improvement of cardioprotection against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in the rat., Methods: Wistar males (weighing 257 ± 28 g) were divided into six groups: (1) control+placebo (2) control+DOX 10 mg.kg(-1) (3) control+DOX 20mg.kg(-1) (4) training+placebo (5) training+ DOX10 mg.kg(-1) (6) training+DOX 20mg.kg(-1). Cardiotoxicity was induced by DOX (10 and 20 mg.kg(-1)). The rats in groups 4, 5 and 6 experienced treadmill running of 25 to 39 min.day(-1) and 15 to 17 m.min(-1), 5 days/ wk for 3 wk. At the end of the endurance training program, rats in the 1 and 4 groups, in the 2 and 5 groups and in the 3 and 6 groups received saline solution, DOX 10 mg.kg(-1) and DOX 20 mg.kg(-1), respectively., Result: DOX administration (10 and 20 mg.kg(-1)) caused significant increase in MDA and Apelin, an insignificant increase in NO and a significant decrease in SOD, as compared to the C+P group. Three weeks of the pretreatment endurance exercise resulted in a significant increase of Apelin and SOD, an insignificant increase of NO and an insignificant decrease of MDA, as compared to the C+P group. Furthermore, after three weeks of endurance training and DOX treatment with 10mg.kg(-1) and 20mg.kg(-1), a significant increase in apelin and SOD, and a significant decrease in MDA were detected in comparison to C+DOX10 and/or C+DOX20 groups. There was a significant difference between DOX10 mg.kg(-1) and DOX20 mg.kg(-1) treatments in MDA levels only., Conclusion: Pretreatment exercise may improve myocardial tolerance to DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibition of oxidative stress and up- regulation of antioxidants in heart tissue.

Background: Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a semi-essential amino acid found in mammalian tissues that is not involved in protein synthesis. The function of taurine is not completely understood. Some studies have demonstrated that taurine supplementation reduces death rate in rabbits with heart failure (HF) and diminishes HF severity in human models of congestive HF. In this study we have evaluated the effect of taurine supplementation on exercise capacity of patients with HF., Methods: A randomized single-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 29 patients with HF with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 50% who were in functional class II or III according to New York Heart Association classification. A total of 15 patients received taurine supplementation 500 mg three times a day while the remaining 14 patients received placebo for 2 weeks. All patients performed exercise tolerance test before and after taurine and placebo supplementation., Results: The mean age of patients was 60.57 ± 6.54 years, they were mostly male (26 of 29), and had mean LVEF of 29.27 ± 6.97%. There were no significant differences in terms of LVEF, body mass index, and also exercise time, metabolic equivalents (METS) and exercise distance before supplementation. Exercise time, METS, and exercise distance increased significantly in patients who received taurine supplement for 2 weeks (p-value<0.0001 for all), but did not increase significantly in patients who received placebo (p-values 0.379, 0.244, and 0.577 respectively)., Conclusion: Taurine supplementation in patients with HF who are taking standard medical treatment can increase their exercise capacity., (Copyright © 2011 Japanese College of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

We have investigated the cardioprotective effects of exercise training and/or curcumin on lead acetate-induced myocardial damage. Forty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: (1) lead acetate, (2) curcumin, (3) endurance training, (4) training + curcumin, (5) sham groups. The rats in groups 3 and 4 experienced the treadmill running of 15 to 22 m/min for 25 to 64 minutes, 5 times a week for 8 weeks. Groups 1 to 4 received lead acetate (20 mg/kg), the sham group received curcumin solvent (ethyl oleat), and the curcumin and training + curcumin groups received curcumin solution (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Lead administration resulted in significant increases in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and significantly decreased glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Treadmill running and\or curcumin supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in hs-CRP, CK-MB, MDA, and LDL levels and significantly increased GPx, TAC, and HDL levels. These results suggest a lifestyle-induced cardioprotective potential in ameliorating lead-induced cardiotoxicity.