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The innovative elevated step-up gain DC-DC converter with switched capacitor and regenerative Boost configuration is a pivotal advancement in solar photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion. With a focus on enhancing solar PV applications, this converter efficiently elevates the low-voltage DC output of solar panels, addressing the challenge of low-voltage outputs inherent in solar panels. This breakthrough technology facilitates energy storage, off-grid power supply, and grid integration, contributing to a sustainable solution for optimizing solar power consumption. The converter's regenerative qualities promise to revolutionize solar PV applications, increasing sustainability and efficiency. Its main feature, a significant increase in step-up gain, ensures the effective conversion of low-voltage DC output from solar panels to higher levels, crucial for diverse applications in solar PV systems. This transformative technology plays a vital role in creating a more environmentally and energy-resilient world.

The integration of big data analytics in the study of animal population dynamics has revolutionized our understanding of ecosystems and species interactions. This paper explores the application of advanced data analysis techniques to large-scale ecological datasets, demonstrating how big data approaches can enhance our ability to model, predict, and manage animal populations. We present a comprehensive review of current methodologies, case studies and future directions in this rapidly evolving field. Our findings highlight the potential of big data analytics to address complex ecological questions and inform conservation strategies in an era of global environmental change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, the effect of electrode negative (EN) ratio on bead cross-section, mechanical properties and microstructure was analysed. The welding was performed on MC-600 steel of 12.5 mm thickness by two passes in butt configuration at three different EN ratios varying from 0.25 to 0.75. Out of different types of power sources, alternating current (AC) with the square wave was selected here for the experiment. Penetration depth and bead width decreased with an increase in EN ratio, but reinforcement height increased with an increase in EN ratio. There is no notable effect on yield strength but ultimate tensile strength increased slightly due to an increase in the EN ratio. Vickers hardness of weld at lowest and highest EN ratios is almost similar and slightly higher than that of the middle one. The impact toughness of all three locations improved with an increase in the EN ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Standard and pulsed gas metal arc welding (GMAW) were performed at a constant welding speed of 300, 600, and 1000 mm/min with eight different wire feed rates (WFR). The effect of input parameters on arc stability, metal transfer mode, penetration depth, hardness, and microstructure was discussed. Voltage and current transients recorded by oscilloscope were used to analyse the arc stability and metal transfer mode by plotting probability density distribution (PDD) graphs of arc voltage and welding current. With an increase in WFR, standard GMAW transformed from bimodal to unimodal (due to the absence of short-circuiting mode and activation of pulsed mode) and the pulsed GMAW graph transformed from multimodal to bimodal (due to faster droplet detachment and lowered background current duration). In addition, a nonlinear mathematical model was generated to adequately predict bead profile parameters. For both standard and pulsed GMAW, maximum penetration depth was achieved at the lowest welding speed and highest WFR. But deeper penetration was achieved in pulsed G compared to the standard for the same input parameters. Hardness and the number of non-diffusional phases in the weld and heat-affected zone (HAZ) increased with welding speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drastic growth of smart city has considerably gained attention around the world in the international policies and systematic literature. Numerous specialists should include diverse opinions owing to the hurdles to the design of smart cities in India. Thus, these experts have also offered their opinions regarding public, agriculture, industry and academia-fields, which help in developing the smart cities. Generally, more limitations have to be faced with offering energy optimisation and superior performance in Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled smart cities. In wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and IoT, the sensors or IoT devices or nodes are often grouped into clusters that result in selecting the cluster head, which gathers information from the entire nodes in cluster and plainly transmits with the base station. This paper makes an attempt on the development of smart cities in India using the hybrid meta-heuristic-based multi-objective cluster head selection model. The proposed model focusses on the design and development of new smart city model applicable for India by considering a multi-objective function using the constraints like distance, delay, energy, load and temperature of the IoT devices. The optimisation of these variables during the smart city development model by IoT is accomplished by a new hybrid Deer Hunting-Tunicate Swarm Optimisation (DH-TSO) algorithm. The performance of the proposed model is verified through a comparative analysis using various state-of-the-art optimisation models by concerning the number of alive nodes, and normalised energy, and thus ensures the overall lifetime of the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NiTi equiatomic composition is used in atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) machine to coat the stainless steel substrate. APS was conducted with varying critical plasma spraying parameters (CPSP) using NiTi powder as a coating element. After coating, the surface and interface morphology were characterised by XRD, SEM, and hardness tester. Higher CPSP yields better surface morphology. Surface roughness and porosity percentage decrease, and hardness increases from (455–844) Vickers hardness number with CPSP. The residual stress varies from 73 ± 1.1 MPa to −95 ± 1.9 MPa which shows the stress conversion of coating from tensile to compressive with an increase in CPSP. Coating failure occurs as a combined result of adhesion, cohesion and glue joint failure. At 865 CPSP, coating shows highest adhesion strength 42.13 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doping is a prospective long-term approach to improve optoelectronic properties of semiconducting materials. A process for phase transformation of citrus limon extract (CLE)-capped CdS quantum dots was developed, introducing cerium as a selective dopant, thereby improving its photocatalytic performance. Ce acts as a phase transforming dopant at low temperature while avoiding the conventional requirement of high temperature and pressure which was confirmed by X-Ray diffraction and Raman Spectra analysis. The presence of Ce ions favored cubic phase formation by reducing crystal growth (crystallite size 5.39 nm). Further, this was supported by an exceptional hypsochromic shift of the UV–VIS absorption edge from 463 to 400 nm though DLS measurement showed multimodal distribution with Z-average size value of 543 nm for CLE-capped CdS and 1973 nm for Ce-doped CLE-capped CdS. Density functional theory (DFT) study provided excellent support for the experimental findings. Noticeable changes were observed in the fluorescence spectra that supported reduced defects states through CLE capping and Ce doping. It was found that CLE-capped and Ce-doped quantum dots demonstrated excellent photocatalytic dye degradation (87%) towards methyl violet (MV) and hydrogen generation (1048 μmol/g in 25 h) by splitting water in the presence of solar light. The kinetic reaction was consistent with a pseudo-first-order reaction, and a reusability test of the developed thin film was carried out. Enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to the combined effect of unique reversible transformation ability of Ce between Ce3+ and Ce4+ which was clearly shown in XPS analysis, improved effective electron and hole separation and the long lifetimes of the Ce3+ excited states, which facilitated charge transfer to the photoelectrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]