37 results on '"Rosenblueth M"'
Search Results
2. Rhizobium tropiciteu genes involved in specific uptake of Phaseolus vulgaris bean-exudate compounds
- Author
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Rosenblueth, M., Hynes, M. F., and Martínez-Romero, E.
- Published
- 1998
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3. How are gene sequence analyses modifying bacterial taxonomy?: The case of Klebsiella
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Martínez, J., Martínez, L., Rosenblueth, M., Silva, J., and Martínez-Romero, E.
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filogenia ,taxonomia bacteriana ,Enterobacteria ,bacterial taxonomy ,bacterias patógenas ,pathogenic bacteria ,taxonomía bacteriana ,phylogeny ,concepto de especie ,Enterobactérias ,Klebsiella ,Enterobacterias ,bactérias patógenas ,species concept ,conceito de espécie - Abstract
Continuamente se cambian los nombres de las bacterias para describir más adecuadamente los grupos naturales (unidades de diversidad microbiana) y sus relaciones. Los problemas en la taxonomía de Klebsiella son ilustrativos y comunes a otros géneros bacterianos. Al igual que otras bacterias, las especies de Klebsiella fueron descritas hace mucho tiempo, cuando los métodos para identificar y clasificar bacterias eran limitados. Diferentes enfoques moleculares, desarrollados sólo recientemente, han conducido en muchos casos a revisiones taxonómicas o a propuestas sólidas de nuevas especies. Bacterial names are continually being changed in order to more adequately describe natural groups (the units of microbial diversity) and their relationships. The problems in Klebsiella taxonomy are illustrative and common to other bacterial genera. Like other bacteria, Klebsiella spp. were isolated long ago, when methods to identify and classify bacteria were limited. However, recently developed molecular approaches have led to taxonomical revisions in several cases or to sound proposals of novel species. Continuadamente são mudados os nomes das bactérias para se descrever mais adequadamente os grupos naturais (unidades da diversidade microbiana) e suas reais relações. Os problemas na taxonomia de Klebsiella são ilustrativos e comuns a outros gêneros bacterianos. Semelhantemente a outras bactérias, há muito tempo se conhece Klebsiella spp., mesmo quando as possibilidades de se identificar e classificar bactérias eram limitadas. As metodologías moleculares para identificar e classificar bactérias desenvolvidas só recentemente têm conduzido, em muitos casos, a revisões taxonômicas ou a propostas firmes de novas espécies.
- Published
- 2004
4. THE OPUNTIA (CACTACEAE) AND DACTYLOPIUS (HEMIPTERA: DACTYLOPIIDAE) IN MEXICO: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF USE, INTERACTION AND DISTRIBUTION WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON CHEMICAL AND PHYLOGENETIC ASPECTS OF THE DACTYLOPIUS SPECIES
- Author
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Chávez-Moreno, C.K., primary, Tecante, A., additional, Fragoso-Serrano, M., additional, Rogelio, P.-M., additional, Casas, A., additional, Claps, L.E., additional, Ramírez-Puebla, S.T., additional, Rosenblueth, M., additional, and Martínez-Romero, E., additional
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- 2013
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5. Molecular Phylogeny of the Genus Dactylopius (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) and Identification of the Symbiotic Bacteria
- Author
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Ramírez-Puebla, S. T., primary, Rosenblueth, M., additional, Chávez-Moreno, C. K., additional, Catanho Pereira de Lyra, M. C., additional, Tecante, A., additional, and Martínez-Romero, E., additional
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- 2010
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6. Rhizobium etli maize populations and their competitiveness for root colonization
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Rosenblueth, M�nica, primary and Mart�nez-Romero, Esperanza, additional
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- 2004
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7. The opuntia (cactaceae) and dactylopius (hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) in mexico: A historical perspective of use, interaction and distribution with particular emphasis on chemical and phylogenetic aspects of the dactylopius species
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Chávez-Moreno, C. K., Tecante, A., Mabel Fragoso-Serrano, Rogelio, P. -M, Casas, A., Claps, L. E., Ramírez-Puebla, S. T., Rosenblueth, M., and Martínez-Romero, E.
8. Comparative genomics of the carmine cochineal symbiont Candidatus Dactylopiibacterium carminicum reveals possible protection to the host against viruses via CRISPR/Cas.
- Author
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Bustamante-Brito R, Vera-Ponce de León A, Rosenblueth M, and Martínez-Romero E
- Subjects
- Animals, Genomics, Phylogeny, Nitrogen Fixation, Symbiosis, Hemiptera microbiology, Hemiptera virology, Genome, Bacterial genetics, CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Abstract
We present new genomes from the bacterial symbiont Candidatus Dactylopiibacterium carminicum obtained from non-domesticated carmine cochineals belonging to the scale insect Dactylopius (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Dactylopiidae). As Dactylopiibacterium has not yet been cultured in the laboratory, metagenomes and metatranscriptomics have been key in revealing putative symbiont functions. Dactylopiibacterium is a nitrogen-fixing beta-proteobacterium that may be vertically transmitted and shows differential gene expression inside the cochineal depending on the tissue colonized. Here we found that all cochineal species tested had Dactylopiibacterium carminicum which has a highly conserved genome. All Dactylopiibacterium genomes analyzed had genes involved in nitrogen fixation and plant polymer degradation. Dactylopiibacterium genomes resemble those from free-living plant bacteria, some found as endophytes. Notably, we found here a new putative novel function where the bacteria may protect the insect from viruses, since all Dactylopiibacterium genomes contain CRISPRs with a spacer matching nucleopolyhedrovirus that affects insects., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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9. Novel symbiovars ingae, lysilomae and lysilomaefficiens in bradyrhizobia from tree-legume nodules.
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Hernández-Oaxaca D, Claro K, Rogel MA, Rosenblueth M, Martinez-Romero J, and Martinez-Romero E
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- Root Nodules, Plant, Phylogeny, DNA, Bacterial genetics, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Symbiosis genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Fabaceae, Bradyrhizobium genetics
- Abstract
Inga vera and Lysiloma tree legumes form nodules with Bradyrhizobium spp. from the japonicum group that represent novel genomospecies, for which we describe here using genome data, symbiovars lysilomae, lysilomaefficiens and ingae. Genes encoding Type three secretion system (TTSS) that could affect host specificity were found in ingae but not in lysilomae nor in lysilomaefficiens symbiovars and uptake hydrogenase hup genes (that affect nitrogen fixation) were observed in bradyrhizobia from the symbiovars ingae and lysilomaefficiens. nolA gene was found in the symbiovar lysilomaefficiens but not in strains from lysilomae. We discuss that multiple genes may dictate symbiosis specificity. Besides, toxin-antitoxin genes were found in the symbiosis islands in bradyrhizobia from symbiovars ingae and lysilomaefficiens. A limit (95%) to define symbiovars with nifH gene sequences was proposed here., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier GmbH.)
- Published
- 2023
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10. The divergent genome of Scorpion Group 1 (SG1) intracellular bacterium from the venom glands of Vaejovis smithi (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae).
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García-Santibañez T, Rosenblueth M, Bolaños LM, Martínez-Romero J, and Martínez-Romero E
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- Animals, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Phylogeny, Metagenomics, Scorpions genetics, Scorpions microbiology, Bacteria genetics
- Abstract
Scorpions were among the first animals on land around 430 million years ago. Like many arachnids, scorpions have evolved complex venoms used to paralyze their prey and for self-defense. Here we sequenced and analyzed the metagenomic DNA from venom glands from Vaejovis smithi scorpions. A metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) of 624,025 bp was obtained corresponding to the previously reported Scorpion Group 1 (SG1). The SG1 genome from venom glands had a low GC content (25.8%) characteristic of reduced genomes, many hypothetical genes and genes from the reported minimal set of bacterial genes. Phylogenomic reconstructions placed the uncultured SG1 distant from other reported bacteria constituting a taxonomic novelty. By PCR we detected SG1 in all tested venom glands from 30 independent individuals. Microscopically, we observed SG1 inside epithelial cells from the venom glands using FISH and its presence in scorpion embryos suggested that SG1 is transferred from mother to offspring., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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11. Transcriptomic Responses of Rhizobium phaseoli to Root Exudates Reflect Its Capacity to Colonize Maize and Common Bean in an Intercropping System.
- Author
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Aguirre-Noyola JL, Rosenblueth M, Santiago-Martínez MG, and Martínez-Romero E
- Abstract
Corn and common bean have been cultivated together in Mesoamerica for thousands of years in an intercropping system called "milpa," where the roots are intermingled, favoring the exchange of their microbiota, including symbionts such as rhizobia. In this work, we studied the genomic expression of Rhizobium phaseoli Ch24-10 (by RNA-seq) after a 2-h treatment in the presence of root exudates of maize and bean grown in monoculture and milpa system under hydroponic conditions. In bean exudates, rhizobial genes for nodulation and degradation of aromatic compounds were induced; while in maize, a response of genes for degradation of mucilage and ferulic acid was observed, as well as those for the transport of sugars, dicarboxylic acids and iron. Ch24-10 transcriptomes in milpa resembled those of beans because they both showed high expression of nodulation genes; some genes that were expressed in corn exudates were also induced by the intercropping system, especially those for the degradation of ferulic acid and pectin. Beans grown in milpa system formed nitrogen-fixing nodules similar to monocultured beans; therefore, the presence of maize did not interfere with Rhizobium -bean symbiosis. Genes for the metabolism of sugars and amino acids, flavonoid and phytoalexin tolerance, and a T3SS were expressed in both monocultures and milpa system, which reveals the adaptive capacity of rhizobia to colonize both legumes and cereals. Transcriptional fusions of the putA gene, which participates in proline metabolism, and of a gene encoding a polygalacturonase were used to validate their participation in plant-microbe interactions. We determined the enzymatic activity of carbonic anhydrase whose gene was also overexpressed in response to root exudates., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Aguirre-Noyola, Rosenblueth, Santiago-Martínez and Martínez-Romero.)
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- 2021
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12. We and herbivores eat endophytes.
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Martínez-Romero E, Aguirre-Noyola JL, Bustamante-Brito R, González-Román P, Hernández-Oaxaca D, Higareda-Alvear V, Montes-Carreto LM, Martínez-Romero JC, Rosenblueth M, and Servín-Garcidueñas LE
- Subjects
- Animals, Fungi, Plant Development, Plants, Endophytes, Herbivory
- Abstract
Health depends on the diet and a vegetal diet promotes health by providing fibres, vitamins and diverse metabolites. Remarkably, plants may also provide microbes. Fungi and bacteria that reside inside plant tissues (endophytes) seem better protected to survive digestion; thus, we investigated the reported evidence on the endophytic origin of some members of the gut microbiota in animals such as panda, koala, rabbits and tortoises and several herbivore insects. Data examined here showed that some members of the herbivore gut microbiota are common plant microbes, which derived to become stable microbiota in some cases. Endophytes may contribute to plant fibre or antimetabolite degradation and synthesis of metabolites with the plethora of enzymatic activities that they display; some may have practical applications, for example, Lactobacillus plantarum found in the intestinal tract, plants and in fermented food is used as a probiotic that may defend animals against bacterial and viral infections as other endophytic-enteric bacteria do. Clostridium that is an endophyte and a gut bacterium has remarkable capabilities to degrade cellulose by having cellulosomes that may be considered the most efficient nanomachines. Cellulose degradation is a challenge in animal digestion and for biofuel production. Other endophytic-enteric bacteria may have cellulases, pectinases, xylanases, tannases, proteases, nitrogenases and other enzymatic capabilities that may be attractive for biotechnological developments, indeed many endophytes are used to promote plant growth. Here, a cycle of endophytic-enteric-soil-endophytic microbes is proposed which has relevance for health and comprises the fate of animal faeces as natural microbial inoculants for plants that constitute bacterial sources for animal guts., (© 2020 The Authors. Microbial Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Society for Applied Microbiology.)
- Published
- 2021
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13. Functional genomics of a Spiroplasma associated with the carmine cochineals Dactylopius coccus and Dactylopius opuntiae.
- Author
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Vera-Ponce León A, Dominguez-Mirazo M, Bustamante-Brito R, Higareda-Alvear V, Rosenblueth M, and Martínez-Romero E
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- Animals, Carmine, Female, Genomics, Male, Hemiptera, Spiroplasma genetics
- Abstract
Background: Spiroplasma is a widely distributed endosymbiont of insects, arthropods, and plants. In insects, Spiroplasma colonizes the gut, hemolymph, and reproductive organs of the host. Previous metagenomic surveys of the domesticated carmine cochineal Dactylopius coccus and the wild cochineal D. opuntiae reported sequences of Spiroplasma associated with these insects. However, there is no analysis of the genomic capabilities and the interaction of this Spiroplasma with Dactylopius., Results: Here we present three Spiroplasma genomes independently recovered from metagenomes of adult males and females of D. coccus, from two different populations, as well as from adult females of D. opuntiae. Single-copy gene analysis showed that these genomes were > 92% complete. Phylogenomic analyses classified these genomes as new members of Spiroplasma ixodetis. Comparative genome analysis indicated that they exhibit fewer genes involved in amino acid and carbon catabolism compared to other spiroplasmas. Moreover, virulence factor-encoding genes (i.e., glpO, spaid and rip2) were found incomplete in these S. ixodetis genomes. We also detected an enrichment of genes encoding the type IV secretion system (T4SS) in S. ixodetis genomes of Dactylopius. A metratranscriptomic analysis of D. coccus showed that some of these T4SS genes (i.e., traG, virB4 and virD4) in addition to the superoxide dismutase sodA of S. ixodetis were overexpressed in the ovaries., Conclusion: The symbiont S. ixodetis is a new member of the bacterial community of D. coccus and D. opuntiae. The recovery of incomplete virulence factor-encoding genes in S. ixodetis of Dactylopius suggests that this bacterium is a non-pathogenic symbiont. A high number of genes encoding the T4SS, in the S. ixodetis genomes and the overexpression of these genes in the ovary and hemolymph of the host suggest that S. ixodetis use the T4SS to interact with the Dactylopius cells. Moreover, the transcriptional differences of S. ixodetis among the gut, hemolymph and ovary tissues of D. coccus indicate that this bacterium can respond and adapt to the different conditions (e.g., oxidative stress) present within the host. All this evidence proposes that there is a strong interaction and molecular signaling in the symbiosis between S. ixodetis and the carmine cochineal Dactylopius.
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- 2021
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14. Cophylogenetic analysis suggests cospeciation between the Scorpion Mycoplasma Clade symbionts and their hosts.
- Author
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Bolaños LM, Rosenblueth M, Manrique de Lara A, Migueles-Lozano A, Gil-Aguillón C, Mateo-Estrada V, González-Serrano F, Santibáñez-López CE, García-Santibáñez T, and Martínez-Romero E
- Subjects
- Animals, Gene Targeting, Species Specificity, Mycoplasma genetics, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Scorpions microbiology
- Abstract
Scorpions are predator arachnids of ancient origin and worldwide distribution. Two scorpion species, Vaejovis smithi and Centruroides limpidus, were found to harbor two different Mollicutes phylotypes: a Scorpion Mycoplasma Clade (SMC) and Scorpion Group 1 (SG1). Here we investigated, using a targeted gene sequencing strategy, whether these Mollicutes were present in 23 scorpion morphospecies belonging to the Vaejovidae, Carboctonidae, Euscorpiidae, Diplocentridae, and Buthidae families. Our results revealed that SMC is found in a species-specific association with Vaejovidae and Buthidae, whereas SG1 is uniquely found in Vaejovidae. SMC and SG1 co-occur only in Vaejovis smithi where 43% of the individuals host both phylotypes. A phylogenetic analysis of Mollicutes 16S rRNA showed that SMC and SG1 constitute well-delineated phylotypes. Additionally, we found that SMC and scorpion phylogenies are significantly congruent, supporting the observation that a cospeciation process may have occurred. This study highlights the phylogenetic diversity of the scorpion associated Mollicutes through different species revealing a possible cospeciation pattern., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2019
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15. Metatranscriptomic Analysis of the Bacterial Symbiont Dactylopiibacterium carminicum from the Carmine Cochineal Dactylopius coccus (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Dactylopiidae).
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Bustamante-Brito R, Vera-Ponce de León A, Rosenblueth M, Martínez-Romero JC, and Martínez-Romero E
- Abstract
The scale insect Dactylopius coccus produces high amounts of carminic acid, which has historically been used as a pigment by pre-Hispanic American cultures. Nowadays carmine is found in food, cosmetics, and textiles. Metagenomic approaches revealed that Dactylopius spp. cochineals contain two Wolbachia strains, a betaproteobacterium named Candidatus Dactylopiibacterium carminicum and Spiroplasma , in addition to different fungi. We describe here a transcriptomic analysis indicating that Dactylopiibacterium is metabolically active inside the insect host, and estimate that there are over twice as many Dactylopiibacterium cells in the hemolymph than in the gut, with even fewer in the ovary. Albeit scarce, the transcripts in the ovaries support the presence of Dactylopiibacterium in this tissue and a vertical mode of transmission. In the cochineal, Dactylopiibacterium may catabolize plant polysaccharides, and be active in carbon and nitrogen provisioning through its degradative activity and by fixing nitrogen. In most insects, nitrogen-fixing bacteria are found in the gut, but in this study they are shown to occur in the hemolymph, probably delivering essential amino acids and riboflavin to the host from nitrogen substrates derived from nitrogen fixation.
- Published
- 2019
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16. Nitrogen Fixation in Cereals.
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Rosenblueth M, Ormeño-Orrillo E, López-López A, Rogel MA, Reyes-Hernández BJ, Martínez-Romero JC, Reddy PM, and Martínez-Romero E
- Abstract
Cereals such as maize, rice, wheat and sorghum are the most important crops for human nutrition. Like other plants, cereals associate with diverse bacteria (including nitrogen-fixing bacteria called diazotrophs) and fungi. As large amounts of chemical fertilizers are used in cereals, it has always been desirable to promote biological nitrogen fixation in such crops. The quest for nitrogen fixation in cereals started long ago with the isolation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria from different plants. The sources of diazotrophs in cereals may be seeds, soils, and even irrigation water and diazotrophs have been found on roots or as endophytes. Recently, culture-independent molecular approaches have revealed that some rhizobia are found in cereal plants and that bacterial nitrogenase genes are expressed in plants. Since the levels of nitrogen-fixation attained with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in cereals are not high enough to support the plant's needs and never as good as those obtained with chemical fertilizers or with rhizobium in symbiosis with legumes, it has been the aim of different studies to increase nitrogen-fixation in cereals. In many cases, these efforts have not been successful. However, new diazotroph mutants with enhanced capabilities to excrete ammonium are being successfully used to promote plant growth as commensal bacteria. In addition, there are ambitious projects supported by different funding agencies that are trying to genetically modify maize and other cereals to enhance diazotroph colonization or to fix nitrogen or to form nodules with nitrogen-fixing symbiotic rhizobia.
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- 2018
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17. Mitochondrial Retroprocessing Promoted Functional Transfers of rpl5 to the Nucleus in Grasses.
- Author
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Wu Z, Sloan DB, Brown CW, Rosenblueth M, Palmer JD, and Ong HC
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- Amino Acid Sequence genetics, Cell Nucleus genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Gene Conversion genetics, Genes, Mitochondrial genetics, Genes, Plant, Genome, Mitochondrial, Magnoliopsida genetics, Phylogeny, Plant Proteins genetics, Pseudogenes genetics, RNA Editing, Ribosomal Proteins genetics, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, DNA, Mitochondrial genetics, Mitochondria genetics, Poaceae genetics
- Abstract
Functional gene transfers from the mitochondrion to the nucleus are ongoing in angiosperms and have occurred repeatedly for all 15 ribosomal protein genes, but it is not clear why some of these genes are transferred more often than others nor what the balance is between DNA- and RNA-mediated transfers. Although direct insertion of mitochondrial DNA into the nucleus occurs frequently in angiosperms, case studies of functional mitochondrial gene transfer have implicated an RNA-mediated mechanism that eliminates introns and RNA editing sites, which would otherwise impede proper expression of mitochondrial genes in the nucleus. To elucidate the mechanisms that facilitate functional gene transfers and the evolutionary dynamics of the coexisting nuclear and mitochondrial gene copies that are established during these transfers, we have analyzed rpl5 genes from 90 grasses (Poaceae) and related monocots. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that rpl5 has been functionally transferred to the nucleus at least three separate times in the grass family and that at least seven species have intact and transcribed (but not necessarily functional) copies in both the mitochondrion and nucleus. In two grasses, likely functional nuclear copies of rpl5 have been subject to recent gene conversion events via secondarily transferred mitochondrial copies in what we believe are the first described cases of mitochondrial-to-nuclear gene conversion. We show that rpl5 underwent a retroprocessing event within the mitochondrial genome early in the evolution of the grass family, which we argue predisposed the gene towards successful, DNA-mediated functional transfer by generating a "pre-edited" sequence., (© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2017
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18. Candidatus Dactylopiibacterium carminicum, a Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiont of Dactylopius Cochineal Insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Dactylopiidae).
- Author
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Vera-Ponce de León A, Ormeño-Orrillo E, Ramírez-Puebla ST, Rosenblueth M, Degli Esposti M, Martínez-Romero J, and Martínez-Romero E
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- Animals, Female, Genome, Bacterial, Ovary microbiology, Phylogeny, Rhodocyclaceae isolation & purification, Hemiptera microbiology, Nitrogen Fixation, Rhodocyclaceae classification, Symbiosis
- Abstract
The domesticated carmine cochineal Dactylopius coccus (scale insect) has commercial value and has been used for more than 500 years for natural red pigment production. Besides the domesticated cochineal, other wild Dactylopius species such as Dactylopius opuntiae are found in the Americas, all feeding on nutrient poor sap from native cacti. To compensate nutritional deficiencies, many insects harbor symbiotic bacteria which provide essential amino acids or vitamins to their hosts. Here, we characterized a symbiont from the carmine cochineal insects, Candidatus Dactylopiibacterium carminicum (betaproteobacterium, Rhodocyclaceae family) and found it in D. coccus and in D. opuntiae ovaries by fluorescent in situ hybridization, suggesting maternal inheritance. Bacterial genomes recovered from metagenomic data derived from whole insects or tissues both from D. coccus and from D. opuntiae were around 3.6 Mb in size. Phylogenomics showed that dactylopiibacteria constituted a closely related clade neighbor to nitrogen fixing bacteria from soil or from various plants including rice and other grass endophytes. Metabolic capabilities were inferred from genomic analyses, showing a complete operon for nitrogen fixation, biosynthesis of amino acids and vitamins and putative traits of anaerobic or microoxic metabolism as well as genes for plant interaction. Dactylopiibacterium nif gene expression and acetylene reduction activity detecting nitrogen fixation were evidenced in D. coccus hemolymph and ovaries, in congruence with the endosymbiont fluorescent in situ hybridization location. Dactylopiibacterium symbionts may compensate for the nitrogen deficiency in the cochineal diet. In addition, this symbiont may provide essential amino acids, recycle uric acid, and increase the cochineal life span.
- Published
- 2017
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19. Microbiota from Rhabditis regina may alter nematode entomopathogenicity.
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Jiménez-Cortés JG, Canales-Lazcano J, Lara-Reyes N, Rosenblueth M, Martínez-Romero E, and Contreras-Garduño J
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- Animals, Bacteria genetics, Bacteria pathogenicity, Klebsiella genetics, Klebsiella isolation & purification, Klebsiella pathogenicity, Larva, Mexico, Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Serratia genetics, Serratia isolation & purification, Serratia pathogenicity, Virulence, Bacteria isolation & purification, Coleoptera parasitology, Microbiota, Moths parasitology, Rhabditoidea microbiology
- Abstract
Here we report the presence of the entomopathogenic nematode Rhabditis (Rhabditoides) regina affecting white grubs (Phyllophaga sp. and Anomala sp.) in Mexico and R. regina-associated bacteria. Bioassays were performed to test the entomopathogenic capacity of dauer and L2 and L3 (combined) larval stages. Furthermore, we determined the diversity of bacteria from laboratory nematodes cultivated for 2 years (dauer and L2-L3 larvae) and from field nematodes (dauer and L2-L3 larvae) in addition to the virulence in Galleria mellonella larvae of some bacterial species from both laboratory and field nematodes. Dauer and non-dauer larvae of R. regina killed G. mellonella. Bacteria such as Serratia sp. (isolated from field nematodes) and Klebsiella sp. (isolated from larvae of laboratory and field nematodes) may explain R. regina entomopathogenic capabilities. Different bacteria were found in nematodes after subculturing in the laboratory suggesting that R. regina may acquire bacteria in different environments. However, there were some consistently found bacteria from laboratory and field nematodes such as Pseudochrobactrum sp., Comamonas sp., Alcaligenes sp., Klebsiella sp., Acinetobacter sp., and Leucobacter sp. that may constitute the nematode microbiome. Results showed that some bacteria contributing to entomopathogenicity may be lost in the laboratory representing a disadvantage when nematodes are cultivated to be used for biological control.
- Published
- 2016
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20. Genomes of Candidatus Wolbachia bourtzisii wDacA and Candidatus Wolbachia pipientis wDacB from the Cochineal Insect Dactylopius coccus (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae).
- Author
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Ramírez-Puebla ST, Ormeño-Orrillo E, Vera-Ponce de León A, Lozano L, Sanchez-Flores A, Rosenblueth M, and Martínez-Romero E
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacterial Secretion Systems genetics, Bacterial Secretion Systems metabolism, Biological Transport, Energy Metabolism, Female, Genetic Variation, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, RNA, Bacterial, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Stress, Physiological genetics, Symbiosis, Virulence Factors, Wolbachia classification, Wolbachia isolation & purification, Wolbachia metabolism, Genome, Bacterial, Genomics methods, Hemiptera microbiology, Wolbachia genetics
- Abstract
Dactylopius species, known as cochineal insects, are the source of the carminic acid dye used worldwide. The presence of two Wolbachia strains in Dactylopius coccus from Mexico was revealed by PCR amplification of wsp and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. A metagenome analysis recovered the genome sequences of Candidatus Wolbachia bourtzisii wDacA (supergroup A) and Candidatus Wolbachia pipientis wDacB (supergroup B). Genome read coverage, as well as 16S rRNA clone sequencing, revealed that wDacB was more abundant than wDacA. The strains shared similar predicted metabolic capabilities that are common to Wolbachia, including riboflavin, ubiquinone, and heme biosynthesis, but lacked other vitamin and cofactor biosynthesis as well as glycolysis, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, and sugar uptake systems. A complete tricarboxylic acid cycle and gluconeogenesis were predicted as well as limited amino acid biosynthesis. Uptake and catabolism of proline were evidenced in Dactylopius Wolbachia strains. Both strains possessed WO-like phage regions and type I and type IV secretion systems. Several efflux systems found suggested the existence of metal toxicity within their host. Besides already described putative virulence factors like ankyrin domain proteins, VlrC homologs, and patatin-like proteins, putative novel virulence factors related to those found in intracellular pathogens like Legionella and Mycobacterium are highlighted for the first time in Wolbachia Candidate genes identified in other Wolbachia that are likely involved in cytoplasmic incompatibility were found in wDacB but not in wDacA., (Copyright © 2016 Ramírez-Puebla et al.)
- Published
- 2016
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21. Fungal Community Associated with Dactylopius (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Dactylopiidae) and Its Role in Uric Acid Metabolism.
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Vera-Ponce de León A, Sanchez-Flores A, Rosenblueth M, and Martínez-Romero E
- Abstract
We studied fungal species associated with the carmine cochineal Dactylopius coccus and other non-domesticated Dactylopius species using culture-dependent and -independent methods. Thirty seven fungi were isolated in various culture media from insect males and females from different developmental stages and Dactylopius species. 26S rRNA genes and ITS sequences, from cultured fungal isolates revealed different species of Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula, Debaryomyces, Trametes, and Penicillium, which are genera newly associated with Dactylopius. Uric acid (UA) and uricase activity were detected in tissues extracts from different insect developmental stages. However, accumulation of high UA levels and low uricase activities were found only after antifungal treatments, suggesting an important role of fungal species in its metabolism. Additionally, uricolytic fungal isolates were identified and characterized that presumably are involved in nitrogen recycling metabolism. After metagenomic analyses from D. coccus gut and hemolymph DNA and from two published data sets, we confirmed the presence of fungal genes involved in UA catabolism, suggesting that fungi help in the nitrogen recycling process in Dactylopius by uricolysis. All these results show the importance of fungal communities in scale insects such as Dactylopius.
- Published
- 2016
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22. Species-specific diversity of novel bacterial lineages and differential abundance of predicted pathways for toxic compound degradation in scorpion gut microbiota.
- Author
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Bolaños LM, Rosenblueth M, Castillo-Ramírez S, Figuier-Huttin G, and Martínez-Romero E
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacteria genetics, Bacteria isolation & purification, Bacteria metabolism, Biodiversity, Food Deprivation, Inactivation, Metabolic, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Metagenome, Metagenomics, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Species Specificity, Bacteria classification, Gastrointestinal Microbiome genetics, Scorpions microbiology
- Abstract
Scorpions are considered 'living fossils' that have conserved ancestral anatomical features and have adapted to numerous habitats. However, their gut microbiota diversity has not been studied. Here, we characterized the gut microbiota of two scorpion species, Vaejovis smithi and Centruroides limpidus. Our results indicate that scorpion gut microbiota is species-specific and that food deprivation reduces bacterial diversity. 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis revealed novel bacterial lineages showing a low level of sequence identity to any known bacteria. Furthermore, these novel bacterial lineages were each restricted to a different scorpion species. Additionally, our results of the predicted metagenomic profiles revealed a core set of pathways that were highly abundant in both species, and mostly related to amino acid, carbohydrate, vitamin and cofactor metabolism. Notably, the food-deprived V. smithi shotgun metagenome matched almost completely the metabolic features of the prediction. Finally, comparisons among predicted metagenomic profiles showed that toxic compound degradation pathways were more abundant in recently captured C. limpidus scorpions. This study gives a first insight into the scorpion gut microbiota and provides a reference for future studies on the gut microbiota from other arachnid species., (© 2015 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2016
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23. A response to Lindsey et al. "Wolbachia pipientis should not be split into multiple species: A response to Ramírez-Puebla et al.".
- Author
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Ramírez-Puebla ST, Servín-Garcidueñas LE, Ormeño-Orrillo E, Vera-Ponce de León A, Rosenblueth M, Delaye L, Martínez J, and Martínez-Romero E
- Subjects
- Symbiosis, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Genome, Bacterial genetics, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Wolbachia classification, Wolbachia genetics
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Species in Wolbachia? Proposal for the designation of 'Candidatus Wolbachia bourtzisii', 'Candidatus Wolbachia onchocercicola', 'Candidatus Wolbachia blaxteri', 'Candidatus Wolbachia brugii', 'Candidatus Wolbachia taylori', 'Candidatus Wolbachia collembolicola' and 'Candidatus Wolbachia multihospitum' for the different species within Wolbachia supergroups.
- Author
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Ramírez-Puebla ST, Servín-Garcidueñas LE, Ormeño-Orrillo E, Vera-Ponce de León A, Rosenblueth M, Delaye L, Martínez J, and Martínez-Romero E
- Subjects
- Animals, Arthropods microbiology, Base Composition, DNA, Bacterial chemistry, Molecular Sequence Data, Nematoda microbiology, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Computational Biology methods, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Genome, Bacterial, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Wolbachia classification, Wolbachia genetics
- Abstract
Wolbachia are highly extended bacterial endosymbionts that infect arthropods and filarial nematodes and produce contrasting phenotypes on their hosts. Wolbachia taxonomy has been understudied. Currently, Wolbachia strains are classified into phylogenetic supergroups. Here we applied phylogenomic analyses to study Wolbachia evolutionary relationships and examined metrics derived from their genome sequences such as average nucleotide identity (ANI), in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH), G+C content, and synteny to shed light on the taxonomy of these bacteria. Draft genome sequences of strains wDacA and wDacB obtained from the carmine cochineal insect Dactylopius coccus were included. Although all analyses indicated that each Wolbachia supergroup represents a distinct evolutionary lineage, we found that some of the analyzed supergroups showed enough internal heterogeneity to be considered as assemblages of more than one species. Thus, supergroups would represent supraspecific groupings. Consequently, Wolbachia pipientis nomen species would apply only to strains of supergroup B and we propose the designation of 'Candidatus Wolbachia bourtzisii', 'Candidatus Wolbachia onchocercicola', 'Candidatus Wolbachia blaxterii', 'Candidatus Wolbachia brugii', 'Candidatus Wolbachia taylorii', 'Candidatus Wolbachia collembolicola' and 'Candidatus Wolbachia multihospitis' for other supergroups., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Molecular evolution of cytochrome bd oxidases across proteobacterial genomes.
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Degli Esposti M, Rosas-Pérez T, Servín-Garcidueñas LE, Bolaños LM, Rosenblueth M, and Martínez-Romero E
- Subjects
- Bacterial Proteins classification, Cytochromes classification, Electron Transport Complex IV, Gammaproteobacteria genetics, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Genome, Bacterial, Multigene Family, Oxidoreductases classification, Phylogeny, Proteobacteria classification, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Cytochromes genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Oxidoreductases genetics, Proteobacteria genetics
- Abstract
This work is aimed to resolve the complex molecular evolution of cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase, a nearly ubiquitous bacterial enzyme that is involved in redox balance and bioenergetics. Previous studies have created an unclear picture of bd oxidases phylogenesis without considering the existence of diverse types of bd oxidases. Integrated approaches of genomic and protein analysis focused on proteobacteria have generated a molecular classification of diverse types of bd oxidases, which produces a new scenario for interpreting their evolution. A duplication of the original gene cluster of bd oxidase might have occurred in the ancestors of extant α-proteobacteria of the Rhodospirillales order, such as Acidocella, from which the bd-I type of the oxidase might have diffused to other proteobacterial lineages. In contrast, the Cyanide-Insensitive Oxidase type may have differentiated into recognizable subtypes after another gene cluster duplication. These subtypes are widespread in the genomes of α-, β-, and γ-proteobacteria, with occasional instances of lateral gene transfer. In resolving the evolutionary pattern of proteobacterial bd oxidases, this work sheds new light on the basal taxa of α-proteobacteria from which the γ-proteobacterial lineage probably emerged., (© The Author(s) 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Genome sequence of "Candidatus Walczuchella monophlebidarum" the flavobacterial endosymbiont of Llaveia axin axin (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Monophlebidae).
- Author
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Rosas-Pérez T, Rosenblueth M, Rincón-Rosales R, Mora J, and Martínez-Romero E
- Subjects
- Animals, Cloning, Molecular, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Flavobacterium classification, Genomics, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Flavobacterium genetics, Genome, Bacterial, Hemiptera microbiology, Symbiosis
- Abstract
Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidae) constitute a very diverse group of sap-feeding insects with a large diversity of symbiotic associations with bacteria. Here, we present the complete genome sequence, metabolic reconstruction, and comparative genomics of the flavobacterial endosymbiont of the giant scale insect Llaveia axin axin. The gene repertoire of its 309,299 bp genome was similar to that of other flavobacterial insect endosymbionts though not syntenic. According to its genetic content, essential amino acid biosynthesis is likely to be the flavobacterial endosymbiont's principal contribution to the symbiotic association with its insect host. We also report the presence of a γ-proteobacterial symbiont that may be involved in waste nitrogen recycling and also has amino acid biosynthetic capabilities that may provide metabolic precursors to the flavobacterial endosymbiont. We propose "Candidatus Walczuchella monophlebidarum" as the name of the flavobacterial endosymbiont of insects from the Monophlebidae family.
- Published
- 2014
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27. Buffet hypothesis for microbial nutrition at the rhizosphere.
- Author
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López-Guerrero MG, Ormeño-Orrillo E, Rosenblueth M, Martinez-Romero J, and Martïnez-Romero E
- Abstract
An emphasis is made on the diversity of nutrients that rhizosphere bacteria may encounter derived from roots, soil, decaying organic matter, seeds, or the microbial community. This nutrient diversity may be considered analogous to a buffet and is contrasting to the hypothesis of oligotrophy at the rhizosphere. Different rhizosphere bacteria may have preferences for some substrates and this would allow a complex community to be established at the rhizosphere. To profit from diverse nutrients, root-associated bacteria should have large degrading capabilities and many transporters (seemingly inducible) that may be encoded in a significant proportion of the large genomes that root-associated bacteria have. Rhizosphere microbes may have a tendency to evolve toward generalists. We propose that many genes with unknown function may encode enzymes that participate in degrading diverse rhizosphere substrates. Knowledge of bacterial genes required for nutrition at the rhizosphere will help to make better use of bacteria as plant-growth promoters in agriculture.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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28. Gut and root microbiota commonalities.
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Ramírez-Puebla ST, Servín-Garcidueñas LE, Jiménez-Marín B, Bolaños LM, Rosenblueth M, Martínez J, Rogel MA, Ormeño-Orrillo E, and Martínez-Romero E
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacteria classification, Bacteria metabolism, Biota, Gastrointestinal Tract microbiology, Plant Roots microbiology
- Abstract
Animal guts and plant roots have absorption roles for nutrient uptake and converge in harboring large, complex, and dynamic groups of microbes that participate in degradation or modification of nutrients and other substances. Gut and root bacteria regulate host gene expression, provide metabolic capabilities, essential nutrients, and protection against pathogens, and seem to share evolutionary trends.
- Published
- 2013
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29. Rhizobial extrachromosomal replicon variability, stability and expression in natural niches.
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López-Guerrero MG, Ormeño-Orrillo E, Acosta JL, Mendoza-Vargas A, Rogel MA, Ramírez MA, Rosenblueth M, Martínez-Romero J, and Martínez-Romero E
- Subjects
- Agrobacterium genetics, Agrobacterium metabolism, Extrachromosomal Inheritance, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Molecular Sequence Data, Phaseolus microbiology, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Replicon, Rhizosphere, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sinorhizobium genetics, Sinorhizobium metabolism, Zea mays microbiology, Plant Roots genetics, Plasmids genetics, Plasmids metabolism, Rhizobium genetics, Rhizobium metabolism
- Abstract
In bacteria, niche adaptation may be determined by mobile extrachromosomal elements. A remarkable characteristic of Rhizobium and Ensifer (Sinorhizobium) but also of Agrobacterium species is that almost half of the genome is contained in several large extrachromosomal replicons (ERs). They encode a plethora of functions, some of them required for bacterial survival, niche adaptation, plasmid transfer or stability. In spite of this, plasmid loss is common in rhizobia upon subculturing. Rhizobial gene-expression studies in plant rhizospheres with novel results from transcriptomic analysis of Rhizobium phaseoli in maize and Phaseolus vulgaris roots highlight the role of ERs in natural niches and allowed the identification of common extrachromosomal genes expressed in association with plant rootlets and the replicons involved., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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30. Environmental mycobacteria: a threat to human health?
- Author
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Rosenblueth M, Martinez-Romero JC, Reyes-Prieto M, Rogel MA, and Martinez-Romero E
- Subjects
- Demography, Humans, Likelihood Functions, Models, Genetic, Mycobacteriaceae genetics, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Species Specificity, Environmental Microbiology, Mycobacteriaceae pathogenicity, Mycobacteriaceae physiology, Mycobacterium Infections epidemiology, Phylogeny, Plants microbiology
- Abstract
In many cases, bacterial pathogens are close relatives to nonpathogens. Pathogens seem to be limited lineages within nonpathogenic bacteria. Nonpathogenic isolates are generally more diverse and widespread in the environment and it is generally considered that environmental bacteria do not pose a risk to human health as clinical isolates do; this may not be the case with mycobacteria, but environmental mycobacteria have not been well studied. It is documented that several environmental mycobacteria constitute a source for human infections. Diverse mycobacterial environmental isolates are rarely involved in human disease. Environmental mycobacteria may have a role in degradation of different compounds. Environmental mycobacteria have had a long interaction with humans, maybe as long as the human species, and may have contributed to human evolution.
- Published
- 2011
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31. Mutations in lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic genes impair maize rhizosphere and root colonization of Rhizobium tropici CIAT899.
- Author
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Ormeño-Orrillo E, Rosenblueth M, Luyten E, Vanderleyden J, and Martínez-Romero E
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Lipopolysaccharides chemistry, Lipopolysaccharides isolation & purification, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Molecular Sequence Data, Phaseolus microbiology, Rhizobium tropici drug effects, Rhizobium tropici metabolism, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Lipopolysaccharides biosynthesis, Mutation, Plant Roots microbiology, Rhizobium tropici genetics, Rhizobium tropici growth & development, Soil Microbiology, Zea mays microbiology
- Abstract
Three transposon mutants of Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 affected in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis were characterized and their maize rhizosphere and endophytic root colonization abilities were evaluated. The disrupted genes coded for the following putative products: the ATPase component of an O antigen ABC-2 type transporter (wzt), a nucleotide-sugar dehydratase (lpsbeta2) and a bifunctional enzyme producing GDP-mannose (noeJ). Electrophoretic analysis of affinity purified LPS showed that all mutants lacked the smooth LPS bands indicating an O antigen minus phenotype. In the noeJ mutant, the rough LPS band migrated faster than the parental band, suggesting a truncated LPS core. When inoculated individually, the wzt and noeJ mutants colonize the rhizosphere and root to a lower extent than the parental strain while no differences were observed between the lpsbeta2 mutant and the parental strain. All mutants were impaired in competitive rhizosphere and root colonization. Pleiotropic effects of the mutations on known colonization traits such as motility and growth rate were observed, but they were not sufficient to explain the colonization behaviours. It was found that the LPS mutants were sensitive to the maize antimicrobial 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA). Only the combined effects of altered growth rate and susceptibility to maize antimicrobials could account for all the observed colonization phenotypes. The results suggest an involvement of the LPS in protecting R. tropici against maize defence response during rhizosphere and root colonization.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Bacterial endophytes and their interactions with hosts.
- Author
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Rosenblueth M and Martínez-Romero E
- Subjects
- Bacteria growth & development, Bacteria metabolism, Bacteria pathogenicity, Biodiversity, Environmental Microbiology, Nitrogen Fixation, Plants metabolism, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, Plants microbiology, Symbiosis
- Abstract
Recent molecular studies on endophytic bacterial diversity have revealed a large richness of species. Endophytes promote plant growth and yield, suppress pathogens, may help to remove contaminants, solubilize phosphate, or contribute assimilable nitrogen to plants. Some endophytes are seedborne, but others have mechanisms to colonize the plants that are being studied. Bacterial mutants unable to produce secreted proteins are impaired in the colonization process. Plant genes expressed in the presence of endophytes provide clues as to the effects of endophytes in plants. Molecular analysis showed that plant defense responses limit bacterial populations inside plants. Some human pathogens, such as Salmonella spp., have been found as endophytes, and these bacteria are not removed by disinfection procedures that eliminate superficially occurring bacteria. Delivery of endophytes to the environment or agricultural fields should be carefully evaluated to avoid introducing pathogens.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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33. How are gene sequence analyses modifying bacterial taxonomy? The case of Klebsiella.
- Author
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Martínez J, Martínez L, Rosenblueth M, Silva J, and Martínez-Romero E
- Subjects
- DNA, Bacterial, Enterobacteriaceae classification, Enterobacteriaceae genetics, Humans, Klebsiella genetics, Klebsiella pathogenicity, Klebsiella Infections microbiology, Phylogeny, Plants microbiology, Species Specificity, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Klebsiella classification, Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Abstract
Bacterial names are continually being changed in order to more adequately describe natural groups (the units of microbial diversity) and their relationships. The problems in Klebsiella taxonomy are illustrative and common to other bacterial genera. Like other bacteria, Klebsiella spp. were isolated long ago, when methods to identify and classify bacteria were limited. However, recently developed molecular approaches have led to taxonomical revisions in several cases or to sound proposals of novel species.
- Published
- 2004
34. Klebsiella variicola, a novel species with clinical and plant-associated isolates.
- Author
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Rosenblueth M, Martínez L, Silva J, and Martínez-Romero E
- Subjects
- Base Sequence, DNA, Bacterial chemistry, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Humans, Klebsiella genetics, Klebsiella isolation & purification, Molecular Sequence Data, Nitrogen Fixation, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sequence Alignment, Klebsiella classification, Musa microbiology
- Abstract
A new Klebsiella species, K. variicola, is proposed on the basis of total DNA-DNA hybridization, on the monophyly observed in the phylogenetic analysis derived from the sequences of rpoB, gyrA, mdh, infB, phoE and nifH genes and on distinct phenotypic traits. The bacteria from this new species seem to be genetically isolated from K. pneumoniae strains, do not ferment adonitol and were obtained from plants (such as banana, rice, sugar cane and maize) and hospitals. The type strain is F2R9T (= ATCC BAA-830T = CFNE 2004T).
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Multiple losses and transfers to the nucleus of two mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase genes during angiosperm evolution.
- Author
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Adams KL, Rosenblueth M, Qiu YL, and Palmer JD
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Base Sequence, DNA, Complementary, Isoenzymes chemistry, Molecular Sequence Data, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Succinate Dehydrogenase chemistry, Cell Nucleus enzymology, DNA, Mitochondrial genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Isoenzymes genetics, Magnoliopsida genetics, Mitochondria enzymology, Succinate Dehydrogenase genetics
- Abstract
Unlike in animals, the functional transfer of mitochondrial genes to the nucleus is an ongoing process in plants. All but one of the previously reported transfers in angiosperms involve ribosomal protein genes. Here we report frequent transfer of two respiratory genes, sdh3 and sdh4 (encoding subunits 3 and 4 of succinate dehydrogenase), and we also show that these genes are present and expressed in the mitochondria of diverse angiosperms. Southern hybridization surveys reveal that sdh3 and sdh4 have been lost from the mitochondrion about 40 and 19 times, respectively, among the 280 angiosperm genera examined. Transferred, functional copies of sdh3 and sdh4 were characterized from the nucleus in four and three angiosperm families, respectively. The mitochondrial targeting presequences of two sdh3 genes are derived from preexisting genes for anciently transferred mitochondrial proteins. On the basis of the unique presequences of the nuclear genes and the recent mitochondrial gene losses, we infer that each of the seven nuclear sdh3 and sdh4 genes was derived from a separate transfer to the nucleus. These results strengthen the hypothesis that angiosperms are experiencing a recent evolutionary surge of mitochondrial gene transfer to the nucleus and reveal that this surge includes certain respiratory genes in addition to ribosomal protein genes.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Increased Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Nodulation Competitiveness of Genetically Modified Rhizobium Strains.
- Author
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Martinez-Romero E and Rosenblueth M
- Abstract
Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strain collections harbor heterogeneous groups of bacteria in which two main types of strains may be distinguished, differing both in the symbiotic plasmid and in the chromosome. We have analyzed under laboratory conditions the competitive abilities of the different types of Rhizobium strains capable of nodulating Phaseolus vulgaris L. bean. R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli type I strains (characterized by nif gene reiterations and a narrow host range) are more competitive than type II strains (that have a broad host range), and both types are more competitive than the promiscuous rhizobia isolated from other tropical legumes able to nodulate beans. Type I strains become even more competitive by the transfer of a non-Sym, 225-kilobase plasmid from type II strain CFN299. This plasmid has been previously shown to enhance the nodulation and nitrogen fixation capabilities of Agrobacterium tumefaciens transconjugants carrying the Sym plasmid of strain CFN299. Other type I R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli transconjugants carrying two symbiotic plasmids (type I and type II) have been constructed. These strains have a diminished competitive ability. The increase of competitiveness obtained in some transconjugants seems to be a transient property.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Amyloidosis of the kidneys. Review of patients and literature.
- Author
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Lender M and Rosenblueth M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Familial Mediterranean Fever complications, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nephrotic Syndrome etiology, Prognosis, Proteinuria etiology, Uremia etiology, Uremia mortality, Amyloidosis complications, Amyloidosis diagnosis, Amyloidosis mortality, Kidney Diseases complications, Kidney Diseases diagnosis, Kidney Diseases mortality
- Abstract
The clinical findings in 49 patients (27 males) who had histologically confirmed amyloidosis of the kidney, are reviewed. In 28 patients, the diagnosis was arrived at by percutaneous renal biopsy, and in 21 patients it was made at autopsy. The youngest patient was diagnosed at the age of 16 years. In 11 patients (22,5%) no associated disease was found, in a further 11 patients the amyloidosis was of the type connected with familial Mediterranean fever, and in 27 patients (55%) the amyloidosis was of the secondary type. Forty-six patients (94%) presented with proteinuria at some stage of their disease. Twenty-one patients developed the nephrotic syndrome. Thirty-two patients died, and in 18 instances uraemia was the cause of death. In 18 patients there was evidence of renal pathology other than amyloidosis, and in some patients this may have contributed to the impairment of renal function and the appearance of proteinuria.
- Published
- 1975
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