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3. A Variable Neighbourhood Descent Heuristic for Conformational Search Using a Quantum Annealer

Author

Marchand, D. J. J., Noori, M., Roberts, A., Rosenberg, G., Woods, B., Yildiz, U., Coons, M., Devore, D., and Margl, P.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Discovering the low-energy conformations of a molecule is of great interest to computational chemists, with applications in {\em in silico} materials design and drug discovery. In this paper, we propose a variable neighbourhood search heuristic for the conformational search problem. Using the structure of a molecule, neighbourhoods are chosen to allow for the efficient use of a binary quadratic optimizer for conformational search. The method is flexible with respect to the choice of molecular force field and the number of discretization levels in the search space, and can be further generalized to take advantage of higher-order binary polynomial optimizers. It is well-suited for the use of devices such as quantum annealers. After carefully defining neighbourhoods, the method easily adapts to the size and topology of these devices, allowing for seamless scaling alongside their future improvements.

Published
2018

5. Model of Sustainable Development of Regional Ecological and Economic Systems

Author

Lazareva, N. V., Rosenberg, G. S., Sapova, O. A., Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Ashmarina, Svetlana Igorevna, editor, Vochozka, Marek, editor, and Mantulenko, Valentina Vyacheslavovna, editor

Published
2020
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6. Solving the Optimal Trading Trajectory Problem Using a Quantum Annealer

Author

Rosenberg, G, Haghnegahdar, P, Goddard, P, Carr, P, Wu, K, and De Prado, ML

Subjects
Optimal trading trajectory, portfolio optimization, quantum annealing, Qubit, quantum computer, optimal trading trajectory, Networking & Telecommunications, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Communications Technologies, Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
Abstract

We solve a multi-period portfolio optimization problem using D-Wave Systems' quantum annealer. We derive a formulation of the problem, discuss several possible integer encoding schemes, and present numerical examples that show high success rates. The formulation incorporates transaction costs (including permanent and temporary market impact), and, significantly, the solution does not require the inversion of a covariance matrix. The discrete multi-period portfolio optimization problem we solve is significantly harder than the continuous variable problem. We present insight into how results may be improved using suitable software enhancements and why current quantum annealing technology limits the size of problem that can be successfully solved today. The formulation presented is specifically designed to be scalable, with the expectation that as quantum annealing technology improves, larger problems will be solvable using the same techniques.

Published
2016

7. Surface magnetic ordering in topological insulators with bulk magnetic dopants

Author

Rosenberg, G. and Franz, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We show that a three dimensional topological insulator doped with magnetic impurities in the bulk can have a regime where the surface is magnetically ordered but the bulk is not. This is in contrast to conventional materials where bulk ordered phases are typically more robust than surface ordered phases. The difference originates from the topologically protected gapless surface states characteristic of topological insulators. We study the problem using a mean field approach in two concrete models that give the same qualitative result, with some interesting differences. Our findings could help explain recent experimental results showing the emergence of a spectral gap in the surface state of Bi2Se3 doped with Mn or Fe atoms, but with no measurable bulk magnetism., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures

Published
2012
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8. Topological Anderson Insulator in Three Dimensions

Author

Guo, H. -M., Rosenberg, G., Refael, G., and Franz, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Disorder, ubiquitously present in solids, is normally detrimental to the stability of ordered states of matter. In this letter we demonstrate that not only is the physics of a strong topological insulator robust to disorder but, remarkably, under certain conditions disorder can become fundamentally responsible for its existence. We show that disorder, when sufficiently strong, can transform an ordinary metal with strong spin-orbit coupling into a strong topological `Anderson' insulator, a new topological phase of quantum matter in three dimensions., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. For related work and info visit http://www.physics.ubc.ca/~franz/

Published
2010
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9. Wormhole Effect in a Strong Topological Insulator

Author

Rosenberg, G., Guo, H. -M., and Franz, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

An infinitely thin solenoid carrying magnetic flux Phi (a `Dirac string') inserted into an ordinary band insulator has no significant effect on the spectrum of electrons. In a strong topological insulator, remarkably, such a solenoid carries protected gapless one-dimensional fermionic modes when Phi=hc/2e. These modes are spin-filtered and represent a distinct bulk manifestation of the topologically non-trivial insulator. We establish this `wormhole' effect by both general qualitative considerations and by numerical calculations within a minimal lattice model. We also discuss the possibility of experimental observation of a closely related effect in artificially engineered nanostructures., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. For related work and info visit http://www.physics.ubc.ca/~franz

Published
2010
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10. Witten effect in a crystalline topological insulator

Author

Rosenberg, G. and Franz, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

It has been noted a long time ago that a term of the form theta (e^2/2\pi h) B dot E may be added to the standard Maxwell Lagrangian without modifying the familiar laws of electricity and magnetism. theta is known to particle physicists as the 'axion' field and whether or not it has a nonzero expectation value in vacuum remains a fundamental open question of the Standard Model. A key manifestation of the axion term is the Witten effect: a unit magnetic monopole placed inside a medium with non-zero theta is predicted to bind a (generally fractional) electric charge -e(theta/2 pi+n) with n integer. Here we conduct a first test of the Witten effect, based on the recently established fact that the axion term with theta=pi emerges naturally in the description of the electromagnetic response of a new class of crystalline solids called topological insulators - materials distinguished by strong spin-orbit coupling and non-trivial band structure. Using a simple physical model for a topological insulator, we demonstrate the existence of a fractional charge bound to a monopole by an explicit numerical calculation. We also propose a scheme for generating an 'artificial' magnetic monopole in a topological insulator film, that may be used to facilitate the first experimental test of Witten's prediction., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures. Version to appear in PRB; minor changes, discussion of several issues expanded

Published
2010
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12. Creation and manipulation of anyons in a layered superconductor-2DEG system

Author

Rosenberg, G., Seradjeh, B., Weeks, C., and Franz, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

We describe and analyze in detail our recent theoretical proposal for the realization and manipulation of anyons in a weakly interacting system consisting of a two-dimensional electron gas in the integer quantum Hall regime adjacent to a type-II superconducting film with an artificial array of pinning sites. The anyon is realized in response to a defect in the pinned vortex lattice and carries a charge \pm e/2 and a statistical angle pi/4. We establish this result, both analytically and numerically, in three complementary approaches: (i) a continuum model of two-dimensional electrons in the vortex lattice of the superconducting film; (ii) a minimal tight-binding lattice model that captures the essential features of the system; and (iii) an effective theory of the superconducting vortex lattice superposed on the integer quantum Hall state. We propose a novel method to measure the fractional charge directly in a bulk transport experiment and an all-electric setup for an ``anyon shuttle'' implementing the braiding operations. We briefly discuss conditions for fabricating the system in the lab and its potential applications in quantum information processing with non-Abelian anyons., Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, submitted to PRB; (v2) section on experimental signatures added, references updated

Published
2008
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13. Anyons in a weakly interacting system

Author

Weeks, C., Rosenberg, G., Seradjeh, B., and Franz, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

We describe a theoretical proposal for a system whose excitations are anyons with the exchange phase pi/4 and charge -e/2, but, remarkably, can be built by filling a set of single-particle states of essentially noninteracting electrons. The system consists of an artificially structured type-II superconducting film adjacent to a 2D electron gas in the integer quantum Hall regime with unit filling fraction. The proposal rests on the observation that a vacancy in an otherwise periodic vortex lattice in the superconductor creates a bound state in the 2DEG with total charge -e/2. A composite of this fractionally charged hole and the missing flux due to the vacancy behaves as an anyon. The proposed setup allows for manipulation of these anyons and could prove useful in various schemes for fault-tolerant topological quantum computation., Comment: 7 pages with 3 figures. For related work and info visit http://www.physics.ubc.ca/~franz

Published
2007
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16. Comment on the proposed conservation of Hydrobia Hartmann, 1821 (Mollusca, Gastropoda) and Cyclostoma acutum Draparnaud, 1805 (currently Hydrobia acuta) by the replacement of the lectotype of H. acuta with a neotype; proposed designation of Turbo ventrosus Montagu, 1803 as the type species of Ventrosia Radoman, 1977; and proposed emendation of spelling of HyDROoBIINA Mulsant, 1844 (Insecta, Coleoptera) to HYDROBIUSINA, so removing the homonymy with HYDROBIIDAE Troschel, 1857 (Mollusca) (Case 3087; see BZN 55: 139-145; 56: 56-63, 143-148)

Author

Wilke, T, Davis, George M., Rosenberg, G, and BioStor

Published
1999

24. TESF Background paper: Addressing Inequalities

Author

Batra, P., Imaniriho, D., Lotz-Sisitka, H., McNeill, S., Rosenberg, G., and Tusiime, M.

Abstract

This Transforming Education for Sustainable Futures (TESF) Background paper builds on the TESF Background Paper Series which set out some of our foundational concepts for the work of the Network Plus and informs our ongoing work. This paper focuses on five major forms of inequalities that manifest in the four countries of the Transforming Education for Sustainable Futures (TESF) Network: South Africa, Somalia/Somaliland, Rwanda, and India.

Published
2023
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37. Heliothraupis oneilli Lane, Aponte, Rheindt, Rosenberg, Schmitt, and Terrill 2021, sp. nov

Author

Lane, D. F., Justiniano, M. A. A., Terrill, R. S., Rheindt, F. E., Klicka, L. B., Rosenberg, G. H., Schmitt, C. J., and Burns, K. J.

Subjects
Thraupidae, Animalia, Heliothraupis, Heliothraupis oneilli, Biodiversity, Passeriformes, Chordata, Aves, Taxonomy
Abstract

Heliothraupis oneilli, Lane, Aponte, Rheindt, Rosenberg, Schmitt, and Terrill, sp. nov. English name: Inti Tanager Spanish name: Tangara Inti Holotype. MNK-AV 6350; BOLIVIA: dept. La Paz; Prov. Franz Tamayo, loc. ANMI. Madidi, valle del Machariapo, ca. 33 km NW Apolo, 14 �� 26.4���S, 68 �� 31.9���W, elevation 960 m. Male. Tissue sample: LSUMZ B-95316. 27 January 2019. Collected and prepared by Miguel Angel Aponte Justiniano, field catalog number 1189. Associated sound recordings: (ML 238445). Diagnosis of species. The combination of several distinct plumage characters is unique within the family (see Frontispiece). The brilliant yellow plumage with the contrasting black supercilium and pinkish bill of the male is more likely to remind one of an African or Asian Oriolus oriole (e.g., Oriolus auratus, African Golden Oriole, Oriolus chinensis, Black-naped Oriole, or Oriolus tenuirostris, Slender-billed Oriole) before any Neotropical species comes to mind! The burnt orange crest is similar to that of Tachyphonus delatrii. This crest differs from that of male Trichothraupis melanops in that it is never hidden by the lateral crown feathers. The mostly yellow female is less distinctive, perhaps most likely confused with a juvenile Schistochlamys melanopis (Black-faced Tanager), or a female Piranga olivacea (Scarlet Tanager), P. flava (Hepatic Tanager), or P. rubra (Summer Tanager), but is brighter yellow than any of these, with a proportionately longer tail than Piranga, and with at least some bright orange or pink on the bill. Description of holotype. Plumage colors were scored using Munsell (no date), judged under a mixture of natural and fluorescent lighting. Forehead and crown are burnt orange closest to 7YR 6/12; the crown feathers behind the center of the crown are longer, forming a short, shaggy crest. Aline of blackish feathering extends from the nares, the lores, justoverthe eyes, andalongthe sidesof the crown above the auriculars, ending at the rear of the auriculars. The feathering between the eye and the rictus, as well as the lower half of the orbital feathering are yellow, closest to 2.5Y 8.5/12. Auriculars are a greenish-yellow closest to 5Y 7/12. Body feathers from nape to upper tail coverts are a uniform olive closest to 7.5Y 5/8. Lesser, median, and greater secondary and primary wing coverts also closest to 7.5Y 5/8; small feathers along leading edge of wing from ���wrist��� to base of outermost primary yellow, closest to 5Y 8.5/12. Rectrices and remiges are also olive, darkest near feather shaft (closest to 7.5Y 4/6), becoming paler towards margins (remix margins visible on closed wing), closest to 7.5Y 5/8, inner tips of primaries darkest, closest to 5Y 3/4. Axillaries and underwing coverts yellow, closest to 5Y 8.5/12. Undersides of primaries dusky (closest to 5Y 4/2), innermost portion of inner web becoming most contrastingly yellow (closest to 5Y 8/8). Primaries 8-4 emarginated (Figure 3). Malar, chin, throat, and center of breast saffron yellow, closest to 2.5Y 8/16, becoming a medium yellow (closest to 5Y 8.5/14) on belly and undertail coverts. Sides of breast and flanks olive-yellow, closest to 5Y 6/10. Label information: Weight 21.8 g; Length 18 cm; Wingspan 26.5 cm; Bill orange; Tarsi, toes yellowish brown; No wing, tail, or body molt; Medium fat; Left testis 7 x 5 mm; Skull 100% ossified; Stomach contained seeds and insect remains; Collected by mist net; Voice recorded by MAA and also on 25 January by DFL (ML 238445). Paratypes. MUSM 30068, LSUMZ 195912, 195915, 195916, 195921, 195922, 195925, 195925, B-95315, MKN-AV 6349, 6360, 6361, 6362, 6363, 6364, 6365, 6366. Description of paratypes. In addition to the holotype, another 16 paratype specimens of Heliothraupis exist. Fifteen of these are also males, 14 from within 10 km of the type locality, and collected between 22 and 26 December 2012 and 25���28 January 2019. One male, the firstspecimen that was collected on 9 June 2004, is from the Kos��ipata road in Peru (MUSM 30068). None of these males differ noticeably from the holotype in plumage coloration or pattern. Although the crowns of some individuals appear very slightly scaled with darker orange tips to the crest feathers, others have more saturated orange-yellow on the center of the breast and undertail coverts. Of the 14 males taken in December, only 2 exhibited any molt: LSUMZ 195916 had all rectrices sheathed (presumably adventitious replacement). Of the 3 birds taken in January, 2 exhibited molt. MNK.AV. 6349 had asymmetrical wing (primaries 6 on both wings, and secondaries 2, 3 on left wing and 3 on the right wing sheathed) and tail (left rectrices 3, 4, right rectrices 2, 3 sheathed) molt and moderate body molt, and LSUMZ B-95315 had only asymmetrical tail molt (left rectrix 3, right 3���6 sheathed). An additional bird observed and photographed on 22���24 January 2019 had all rectrices sheathed. The Peruvian specimen (MUSM 30068), collected on 9 June 2004, had rectrices that were heavily worn, both primaries 6 and secondaries 1 sheathed, and it showed trace body molt; we conclude that the bird was beginning definitive prebasic molt. We only collected 1 female, (LSUMZ 195925), taken 25 December 2012 fromone of the southernmostand highestelevation territories we encountered in 2012 (BOLIVIA: dpto La Paz, Machariapo Valley, 14��36���S, 68��27���W, 1,100 m), which differed from the males primarily in head and breast plumage. The forehead to nape of the female is olive, concolor with the remaining dorsal plumage, closest to 7.5Y 5/8. The lores and anterior portion of the orbit feathering are a pale greenish-cream closest to 7.5Y 8/8. Rear portion of orbit a pale yellow 5Y 8/8. The auriculars, rear portion of the supercilium, malar, and sides of neck are yellow-olive (5Y 7/10). Chin and throat a pale medium yellow (5Y 8.5/10). Aweakly defined broad ochraceousyellow band across the breast is closest to 2.5Y 7/12 with weak olive streaks, particularly towards sides of breast (closest to 7.5Y 7/12). Label information: Weight 29.1 g. Wingspan 251 mm. Iris dark brown. Mandible orange with dusky splotch. Maxilla dusky with orange around tomium and nares. Tarsi and toes gray. Shot in tropical deciduous forest with scrub (mate of LSUMZ 195924). Unshelled egg in oviduct 23 x 16 mm. No bursa of Fabricius. Skull 100% ossified. No molt. Stomach contained arthropod parts. We only observed one other female, on 26 December 2012, near the locality of the female specimen, which it resembled, except in having an entirely pinkish-orange bill. Specimens examined. All known specimens of H. oneilli were reviewed and measured, as well as male specimens of several related taxa for comparison (Table 2): Trichothraupis melanops: LSUMZ 96899, LSUMZ 196420, LSUMZ 169146. Eucometis penicillata pallida: LSUMZ 167782, LSUMZ 167783. Eucometis penicillata stictothorax: LSUMZ 138840. Eucometis penicillata albicollis: LSUMZ 125305, LSUMZ 183845, LSUMZ 183846. Eucometis penicillata penicillata: LSUMZ 83563, LSUMZ 173154, LSUMZ 110917. Loriotus (Tachyphonus) cristatus: LSUMZ 133848, LSUMZ 133844, LSUMZ 133849. Loriotus (Tachyphonus) rufiventer: LSUMZ 117481, LSUMZ 116170, LSUMZ 191773. Etymology. The species name oneilli is to honor our mentor, friend, and colleague, John P. O���Neill, whose efforts started the LSUMNS���s South American program, and who played an important role in directing much of the fieldwork over a period of over 40 years. John has shared his knowledge, kindness, generosity, and good humor with several generations of students at LSU, as well as with the greater birding and ornithological communities, particularly in Peru, and this has made him a beloved and treasured member of each. He is renowned for his ability to choose likely sites worthy of ornithological exploration, a skill that has been rewarded with his authorship of the descriptions of 15 new species (including 3 new genera) of birds. John has been an active element in the development of domestic ornithological study in Peru, a country that has become a second home to him, not least of which for being one of the progenitors of the field guide Birds of Peru, and assuring a Spanish edition was published in addition to English. He also provided financial and logistical support to the ornithological departments of MUSM and CORBIDI at key periods of the respective development of both Peruvian institutions and has participated tirelessly in efforts to engage young Peruvians in ornithological fieldwork. He embodies the spirit of inclusiveness and views each person who has worked alongside him in the process of conducting fieldwork as an equal, from the local camp assistants to fellow biologists to politicians and donors. The Peruvian government formally recognized his contributions to the development of ornithology and ecotourism in Peru through the 2008 Distinguished Service Merit Award. We cannot express how much John has meant to us as an inspiration in our own careers. Our proposed common name ��� Inti ��� is derived from the Quechua and Aymara word for ���Sun��� and thus parallels the genus name. Distribution and habitat. As of this writing, documented reports of H. oneilli have only been made along the Kos��ipata road, Cusco department, Peru, and the Machariapo Valley to the northwest of Apolo, La Paz department, Bolivia (Figure 4). In La Paz, the species appears to favor short (4 m canopy) to moderatestature (~ 20 m canopy) deciduous and semi-deciduous woodland between approximately 750���1500 m elevation. Most individuals were present on ridges where the vegetation was shorter and drier. The canopy of these woodlands was dominated by Anadenanthera colubrina, Schinopsis brasiliensis (Parker and Bailey 1991), and a tall columnar cactus, probably Cereus stenogonus (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/38163969; https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/38163964), as well as the shorter and more slender Cereus yungasensis (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/20039659; https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/38164825); ground cover was not particularly thick, but it included a spiny terrestrial bromeliad and in places a carpet of smallstature bamboo-like grass species, Pharus lappulaceus (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/31035377). Densities of Heliothraupis in this habitat were remarkably high, and in December 2012, we detected a minimum of 12 singing males along ~ 2 km (linear distance) of deciduous ridgeline habitat at about 700���900 m elevation. Some individuals were encountered on the floor of the adjacent valley (50���100 m below the tops of the ridges) where the canopy was taller and the diversity of vegetation was greater and with a denser understory, but, at least in some cases, it is likely that the birds that descended to the valley floor from more typical ridge habitat did so in response to voice playback. In mid-December 2013, RST revisited territories where we had collected males in 2012. In each instance, the territory was occupied by a new male, which further indicates the high breeding density of this species in the Machariapo valley. At higher elevations (> 1,000 m), where the edaphic conditions appeared drier, the species was present in shorter-stature (4���7 m canopy) woodland, including disturbed roadside growth, with a much denser understory with some isolated taller trees (reaching 10 m). An unidentified bamboo species (https://www.inaturalist. org/observations/20039775) formed dense patches in this woodland, and we noticed singing male Heliothraupis over these patches. In 2012, there was a seeding event with the low-stature bamboo-like Pharus lappulaceus in the valley, illustrated by the presence of Sporophila schistacea (Slate-colored Seedeater), a nomadic bamboo specialist that breeds during such seeding events (Parker 1982, Neudorf and Blanchfield 1994). In 2019, most territories of Heliothraupis were concentrated where there was significant growth of either this or another low-stature bamboolike grass, tentatively identified as Lasiacis maculata (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/20029720). Aspecies of Guadua bamboo (https://www.inaturalist. org/observations/38163982) was present in the highestelevation territory of Heliothraupis, at ~ 1,500 m. We infer that the species may require these bamboos or bamboolike grasses as an important feature in its breeding habitat in these semi-deciduous forests. More thorough characterizations of the edaphic conditions and flora of the region can be found in Parker and Bailey (1991), Perry et al. (1997), Kessler and Helme (1999), and Cayola et al. (2005). Observations along the Kos��ipata road, Peru, have been between about 1,000 and 1,400 m elevation, at the change from ���lower montane rainforest��� to ���cloud forest��� elevation bands and the vegetation contains elements of both (Terborgh 1985). The immediate area in which Heliothraupis has been seen is largely what appears to be second-growth (post-landslide?) humid forest with a broken canopy and high Guadua bamboo component. In 2000, the Guadua bamboo was seeding over much of the area in which we made our first Heliothraupis observation, and again, Sporophila schistacea was present. This Guadua bamboo was dying back and being replaced by vines and other second growth by 2003, only returning to become a major component of the habitat locally by about 2011 or so (DFL, personal observation). We know of sightings of H. oneilli in the Kos��ipata valley from 9 June, 30 July, 9 August, 3 September, 7 and 10 October, dates that span the heart of the dry season locally (Pepe Rojas, Julian Heavyside, personal communication). Several visits by DFL to this locality in early November to searchfor H. oneilli (including in 2003, only twoweeks after an encounter) were fruitless. Thus, the scanty evidence so far suggests that the species is only present along the Kos��ipata road as a low-density non-breeder during the dry season and migrates elsewhere to breed. Observations from the Machariapo valley, Bolivia, span from 9 October 2018 (Rich Hoyer, personal communication), 19���22 November 2017 (Herman van Oosten, personal communication, 24 January 2018), 20 November (Diego Calderon, personal communication), to the latest sighting in the area (and coincidentally, the first verified observation of the species, although unidentified at the time!) on 13 March 1993 (Mark Pearman, personal communication, 2 May 2019). In both 2012 and 2013, we observed males taking up residence on territories where either no singing male had been detected for several days, or where the previous male had been collected in mid to late December, indicating either recent arrival from nonbreeding grounds or an indicator of a high instance of ���floater��� males looking for vacancies to fill., Published as part of Lane, D. F., Justiniano, M. A. A., Terrill, R. S., Rheindt, F. E., Klicka, L. B., Rosenberg, G. H., Schmitt, C. J. & Burns, K. J., 2021, A new genus and species of tanager (Passeriformes, Thraupidae) from the lower Yungas of western Bolivia and southern Peru, pp. 1-17 in Ornithology 138 (4) on pages 6-11, DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukab059, http://zenodo.org/record/5710688, {"references":["Parker, T. A., III, and B. Bailey (Editors) (1991). A Biological Assessment of the Alto Madidi Region and Adjacent Areas of Northwest Bolivia, May l 8 - June 15, 1990. RAP Working Papers 1, Conservation International, Washington, D. C., USA.","Parker, T. A., III (1982). Observations of some unusual rainforest and marsh birds of southeastern Peru. The Wilson Bulletin 94: 477 - 493.","Neudorf, D. L., and P. J. Blanchfield (1994). The Slate-colored Seedeater (Sporophila schistacea): Abamboo specialist? Ornitologia Neotropical 5: 129 - 132.","Perry, A., M. Kessler, and N. Helme (1997). Birds of the central Rio Tuichi Valley, with emphasis on dry forest, Parque Nacional Madidi, depto. La Paz, Bolivia. In Studies in Neotropical Ornithology Honoring Ted Parker (J. V. Remsen, Jr., Editor). American Ornithologist's Union, Washington (DC).","Kessler, M., and M. Helme (1999). Floristic diversity and phytogeography of the central Tuichi Valley, and isolated dry forest locality in the Bolivian Andes. Candollea 54: 341 - 366.","Cayola, L., A. Fuentes, and P. M. JOrgensen (2005). Estructura y composicionfloristicadeunbosquesecosubandinoyungueno en elvalle del Tuichi, Area Natural de Manejo Integrado Madidi, La Paz (Bolivia). Ecologia en Bolivia 40: 396 - 417.","Terborgh, J. (1985). The role of ecotones in the distribution of Andean birds. Ecology 66: 1237 - 1246."]}

Published
2021
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38. Heliothraupis Lane, Burns, Klicka, & Price- Waldman, gen. nov

Author

Lane, D. F., Justiniano, M. A. A., Terrill, R. S., Rheindt, F. E., Klicka, L. B., Rosenberg, G. H., Schmitt, C. J., and Burns, K. J.

Subjects
Thraupidae, Animalia, Heliothraupis, Biodiversity, Passeriformes, Chordata, Aves, Taxonomy
Abstract

Heliothraupis, Lane, Burns, Klicka, and Price-Waldman, gen. nov. Type species: Heliothraupis oneilli (see below). Diagnosisof genus. Anine-primariedoscine; coloration, general size and shape, and voice eliminate most families within this group except Thraupidae and Cardinalidae. Similar in size to larger members of these two families. Sexuallydimorphic, withmalesexhibitingashortbushycrest that can be raised or flattenedagainst the crown, this feature lacking in females (Figure 3). Unlike other members of the Thraupidae, the bright coloration of the feathers of the crest includes feathers of the forehead all the way to the base of the maxilla. The yellow on the underwing coverts and inner webs of the inner remiges is unique among thraupids. Tail rounded, slightly graduated, longer than most members of Thraupidae (similar to Schistochlamys spp.) with 12 rectrices (Figure 3). Both sexesare yellowoverall with a brightsalmon orange bill, unique among the Tachyphoninae clade within the thraupids. The bill is not conical but considerably longer than deep (11.2 mm vs. 7.3 mm; Table 2), similar in shape to that of Piranga, including the presence of a weakly defined ���tooth��� about mid-way along the cutting edge of the maxilla (Figure 3). Bill depth at nares ~ 1 mm greater than bill width at nares (Table 2). Rictal bristles are present, but are not long, growing from the lores and sparingly around base of mandible laterally and between the rami. Tarsi are scutellate-laminiplantar, as is common among most nineprimaried oscines (Rand 1959; Figure 3). Primary extension averages ~1/5 of total wing length (Table 2). The cardinalid ���tanagers��� (Piranga, Chlorothraupis, Habia) famously were only discovered not to be members of Thraupidae using molecular methods (Burns 1997). Thus, we cannot provide strong morphological characters to separate Heliothraupis from cardinalid ���tanagers,��� but their relationships are resolved by molecular means. Osteological characters will be presented elsewhere. Etymology. The genus Heliothraupis is derived from classic Greek helios, meaning ���sun��� (due to the bright yellow plumage of this species) and thraupis meaning ���finch��� or ���small bird,��� but in currentusage usually referring to tanagers. We consider Heliothraupis to be monotypic, and describe its sole species here, Published as part of Lane, D. F., Justiniano, M. A. A., Terrill, R. S., Rheindt, F. E., Klicka, L. B., Rosenberg, G. H., Schmitt, C. J. & Burns, K. J., 2021, A new genus and species of tanager (Passeriformes, Thraupidae) from the lower Yungas of western Bolivia and southern Peru, pp. 1-17 in Ornithology 138 (4) on page 6, DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukab059, http://zenodo.org/record/5710688, {"references":["Rand, A. L. (1959). Tarsal scutellation of song birds as a taxonomic character. The Wilson Bulletin 71: 274 - 277.","Burns, K. J. (1997). Molecular systematics of tanagers (Thraupinae): Evolution and biogeography of a diverse radiation of Neotropical birds. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 8: 334 - 348."]}

Published
2021
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39. A new genus and species of tanager (Passeriformes, Thraupidae) from the lower Yungas of western Bolivia and southern Peru

Author

Lane, D. F., Justiniano, M. A. A., Terrill, R. S., Rheindt, F. E., Klicka, L. B., Rosenberg, G. H., Schmitt, C. J., and Burns, K. J.

Subjects
Thraupidae, Animalia, Biodiversity, Passeriformes, Chordata, Aves, Taxonomy
Abstract

Lane, D. F., Justiniano, M. A. A., Terrill, R. S., Rheindt, F. E., Klicka, L. B., Rosenberg, G. H., Schmitt, C. J., Burns, K. J. (2021): A new genus and species of tanager (Passeriformes, Thraupidae) from the lower Yungas of western Bolivia and southern Peru. Ornithology 138 (4): 1-17, DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukab059

Published
2021

41. Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: An international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

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Harrison E. M., Drake T. M., Ghosh D., Ademuyiwa A. O., Bhangu A., Fitzgerald J. E., Glasbey J., Borda-Luque G., Costas-Chavarri A., Ntirenganya F., Fergusson S. J., Ingabire J. C. A., Ismail L., Lilford R., Mihaljevic A. L., Morton D., Mutabazi A. Z., Adisa A. O., Ots R., Pinkney T., Poskus T., Shaw C. A., Verjee A., Runigamugabo E., Khatri C., Mohan M., Jaffry Z., Altamini A., Kirby A., Soreide K., Cornick J., Iyer D., King S., Arthur T., Nahar S. N., Waterman A., Lawini I., Rouse T., Correa J. C., Salem H. K., Worku M., Arnaud A., Kalles V., Aguilera M. L., Recinos G., Quek R., Altibi A., Whitaker J., Bent Z., Al-Slaibi I., Tahboub H., Alser O. H., Shu S., Mironescu A., Bratu M., Altwijri A., Alsaggaf M. U., Jubran A. F., Seisay S., Jeyakumar J., Senanayake K., Abdulbagi O., Raptis D., Kong C., Suresh S., Scott M., Grizhja B., Ymeri S., Galiqi G., Klappenbach R., Antezana D., Beleno A. E. M., Costa C., Sanchez B., Aviles S., Modolo M. M., Fermani C. G., Balmaceda R., Villalobos S., Carmona J. M., Hamill D., Deutschmann P., Sandler S., Cox D., Nataraja R., Sharpin C., Ljuhar D., Gray D., Haines M., Niranjan N., D'Amours S., Ashtari M., Franco H., Mitul A. R., Karim S., Aman N. F., Estee M. M., Salma U., Razzaque J., Hamidkanta T., Tori S., Alamin Md. S., Roy S., Al Amin Md. S., Haque M., Faruq A., Iftekhar F., O'Shea M., Padmore G., Jonnalagadda R., Litvin A., Filatau A., Paulouski D., Shubianok M., Shachykava T., Khokha D., Khokha V., Djivoh F., Lawani I., Dossou F., Seto D. M., Gbessi D. G., Noukpozounkou B., Souaibou Y. I., Keke K. R., Hodonou F., Ahounou E., Alihonou T., Denakpo M., Ahlonsou G., Bedada A. G., Nsengiyumva C., Kwizera S., Barendegere V., Choi P., Stock S., Jamal L., Firdouse M., Zani A., Azzie G., Kushwaha S., Agarwal A., Chen T. -L., Yip C., Montes I., Zapata F., Sierra S., Lanau M. I. V., Arango M. C. M., Restrepo I. M., Giraldo R. S. 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R., Negoi I., Beuran M., Ciubotaru C., Alphonse M., Uzabumwana N., Duhoranenayo D., Jovine E., Zanini N., Landolfo G., Aljiffry M., Idris F., Alghamdi M. S. A., Maghrabi A., Altaf A., Khalifah E., Gudal A., Albiety A., Alkaaki A., Alshareef R., Khoja A., Nawawi A., Najjar M., Turkustani S., Sahel S., Alzahrani A., Alghamdi A., Alhazmi W., Al Saied G., Alamoudi M., Riaz M. M., Hassanain M., Alhassan B., Altamimi A., Alyahya R., Alsubaie N., Albastawis F., Nouh T., Khan R., Radojkovic M., Jeremic L., Nestorovic M., Law J. H., Tan K. S. K., Tan R. C. K., Tan J. K., Joel L. W. L., Lieske B., Chan X. W., Leong F. Q. H., Chong C. S., Koh S., Lee K. Y., Lee K. C., Pluke K., Dedekind B., Nashidengo P., Hampton M. I., Joosten J., Sobnach S., Roodt L., Sander A., Pape J., Spence R., Maistry N., Ndwambi P., Kinandu K., Tun M., du Toit F., Ellison Q., Burger S., Grobler D. C., Khulu L. B., Moore R., Jennings V., Leusink A., Kariem N., Gouws J., Chu K., Bougard H., Noor F., Dell A., Rayne S., van Straten S., Khamajeet A., Tshisola S. K., Kabongo K., Kong V., Moodley Y., Anderson F., Madiba T., du Plooy F., Hartford L., Chilton G., Karjiker P., Mabitsela M., Ndlovu S., Badicel M., Jaich R., Ruiz-Tovar J., Garcia-Florez L., Otero-Diez J. L., Ramosperez V., Aguadosuarez N., Garcia J. M., Moreno S. C., Collado M. V., Carneros V. J., Septiem J. G., Gonzalez M., Picardo A., Esteban E., Ferrero E., Ortega I., Espin-Basany E., Blanco-Colino R., Andriola V., Lorena I., Contreras E., Garciabernardo C., Pagnozzi J., Sanz S., Miyardeleon A., Dorisme A., Rodicio J., Suarez A., Stuva J., Diazvico T., Fernandez-Vega L., Soldevila-Verdeguer C., Sena-Ruiz F., Pujol-Cano N., Diaz-Jover P., Garcia-Perez J. M., Segura-Sampedro J. J., Pineno-Flores C., Ambrona-Zafra D., Craus-Miguel A., Jimenez-Morillas P., Mazzella A., Jayathilake A. B., Thalgaspitiya S. P. B., Wijayarathna L. 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D., Irwin G., Johnston R., Gani M., Gravante G., Rajmohan S., Majid K., Dindyal S., Smith C., Palliyil M., Patel S., Nicholson L., Harvey N., Baillie K., Shillito S., Kershaw S., Bamford R., Orton P., Reunis E., Tyler R., Soon W., Jama G. M., Dhillon D., Patel K., Nanthakumaran S., Heard R., Chen K. Y., Barmayehvar B., Datta U., Kamarajah S. K., Iftekhartani S., Monaghan E., Donnelly P., Walker M., Parakh J., Blacker S., Kaul A., Paramasivan A., Farag S., Nessa A., Awadallah S., Lim J., Cheankhunng J., Gash K., Kiran R. P., Murray A., Etchill E., Dasari M., Puyana J., Haddad N., Zielinski M., Choudhry A., Caliman C., Beamon M., Duane T., Narayanan R., Swaroop M., Myers J., Deal R., Schadde E., Hemmila M., Napolitano L., To K., Makupe A., Musowoya J., Maimbo M., van der Naald N., Kumwenda D., Reece-Smith A., Otten K., Verbeek A., Prins M., Suarez A. A. B., Deane C., Dijan E., Elfiky M., Koskenvuo L., Thollot A., Limoges B., Capito C., Alexandre C., Kotobi H., Leroux J., Pinnagoda K., Henric N., Azzis O., Rosello O., Francois P., Etienne S., Buisson P., Hmila S., Clegg-Lamptey J. -N., Imoro O., Abem O. E., Papageorgiou D., Soulou V., Asturias S., Pena L., Connor D. B. O., Luc A. R., Russo A. A., Ruzzenente A., Taddei A., Cona C., Bottini C., Pascale G., Rotunno G., Solaini L., Pascale M. M., Notarnicola M., Corbellino M., Sacco M., Ubiali P., Cautiero R., Bocchetti T., Muzio E., Guglielmo V., Morandi E., Mao P., de Luca E., Ali F. M., Strupas K., Kondrotas P., Baltrunas R., Kutkevicius J., Ignatavicius P., Tan C. L., Siaw J. Y., Yam S. Y., Wilson L., Aziz M. R. A., Bondin J., Zorrilla C. D., Majbar A., Sale D., Abdullahi L., Osagie O., Faboya O., Fatuga A., Taiwo A., Nwabuoku E., Bliksoen M., Khan Z. A., Coronel J., Miranda C., Vasquez I., Helguero-Santin L. M., Rickard J., Adedeji A., Alqahtani S., Rath M., van Niekerk M., Koto M. Z., Matos-Puig R., Israelsson L., Schuetz T., Yuksek M. A., Mericliler M., Wolf B., Fairfield C., Yong G. L., Whitehurst K., Redgrave N., Musyoka C. K., Olivier J., Lee K., Cox M., Farhan-Alanie M. M. H., Callan R., Chibuye C., Ali T. H. A., Rekhis S., Rommaneh M., Sam Z. H., Pugliesi T. B., Pardo G., Harrison, E. M., Drake, T. M., Ghosh, D., Ademuyiwa, A. O., Bhangu, A., Fitzgerald, J. E., Glasbey, J., Borda-Luque, G., Costas-Chavarri, A., Ntirenganya, F., Fergusson, S. J., Ingabire, J. C. A., Ismail, L., Lilford, R., Mihaljevic, A. L., Morton, D., Mutabazi, A. Z., Adisa, A. O., Ots, R., Pinkney, T., Poskus, T., Shaw, C. A., Verjee, A., Runigamugabo, E., Khatri, C., Mohan, M., Jaffry, Z., Altamini, A., Kirby, A., Soreide, K., Cornick, J., Iyer, D., King, S., Arthur, T., Nahar, S. N., Waterman, A., Lawini, I., Rouse, T., Correa, J. C., Salem, H. K., Worku, M., Arnaud, A., Kalles, V., Aguilera, M. 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T., Pazgalvez, C., Herreracruz, D., Rosenberg, G. S., Matheu, A., Cohen, D. M., Paul, M., Charles, A., Lam, J. C. Y., Yeung, M. H. A., Fok, C. Y. J., Li, K. H. G., Lai, A. C. -H., Cheung, Y. H. E., Wong, H. Y., Leung, K. W., Lee, T. S. B., Lam, W. H., Dao, W., Kwok, S. H. -W., Chan, T. -Y. K., Ng, Y. K., Liu, Q., Foo, C. C., Yang, J., Kumar, B., Bhatnagar, A., Upadhyaya, V., Kumar, S., Muddebihal, U., Dar, W., Kc, J., Alexander, P., Aruldas, N., Adella, F. J., Rulie, A. S., Iskandar, F., Setiawan, J., Evajelista, C. V., Natalie, H., Arlindawati, Gunawan, R., Karismaningtyas, H., Mata, L., Andika, F., Hasanah, A., Widiastini, T. A., Purwaningsih, N., Mukin, A. D. F., Rahmah, D., Nurqistan, H., Arsyad, H., Adhitama, N., Jeo, W., Sutandi, N., Clarissa, A., Gultom, P. A., Billy, M., Haloho, A., Amandito, R., Johanna, N., Lee, F., Dorani, R. M. N. R., Glynn, M., Alherz, M., Goh, W., Shiwani, H. A., Sproule, L., Conlon, K. 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B., Pardo, G., HUS Abdominal Center, II kirurgian klinikka, Department of Anatomy, Pertti Panula / Principal Investigator, Clinicum, M Drake, Thoma, Pata, Francesco, Ghosh, Dhruv, O Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Arnaud, Alexi, Bhangu, Aneel, Edward Fitzgerald, J, Glasbey, Jame, M Harrison, Ewen, Lorena Aguilera, Maria, Alexander, Philip, W Al-Saqqa, Sara, Borda-Luque, Giuliano, Costas-Chavarri, Ainhoa, Ntirenganya, Faustin, J Fergusson, Stuart, C Allen Ingabire, J, Ismaïl, Lawani, Khairy Salem, Hosni, Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Anyomih, Carmela Lapitan, Marie, Lilford, Richard, L Mihaljevic, Andre, Morton, Dion, Zeta Mutabazi, Alphonse, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, O Adisa, Adewale, Ots, Riinu, Pinkney, Thoma, Poškus, Toma, Uzair Qureshi, Ahmad, Ramos-De la Medina, Antonio, Rayne, Sarah, A Shaw, Catherine, Shu, Sebastian, Spence, Richard, Smart, Neil, Tabiri, Stephen, Verjee, Azmina, Runigamugabo, Emmy, Khatri, Chetan, Mohan, Midhun, Jaffry, Zahra, Altamini, Afnan, Kirby, Andrew, Soreide, Kjetil, Recinos, 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Chibuye, Chali, Hassanein Ahmed Ali, Tebian, Rekhis, Syrine, Rommaneh, Muna, Hao Sam, Zi, Lawani, Ismail, Brunelli Pugliesi, Thay, Pardo, Gabriel, Blanco, Ruth, and GlobalSurg Collaborative: Aneel Bhangu, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Philip Alexander, Sara W Al-Saqqa, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Thomas M Drake, Faustin Ntirenganya, J Edward Fitzgerald, Stuart J Fergusson, James Glasbey, Jc Allen Ingabire, Lawani Ismaïl, Hosni Khairy Salem, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Richard Lilford, Andre L Mihaljevic, Dion Morton, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Adewale O Adisa, Riinu Ots, Francesco Pata, Thomas Pinkney, Tomas Poškus, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Sarah Rayne, Catherine A Shaw, Sebastian Shu, Richard Spence, Neil Smart, Stephen Tabiri, Ewen M Harrison, Chetan Khatri, Midhun Mohan, Zahra Jaffry, Afnan Altamini, Andrew Kirby, Kjetil Søreide, Gustavo Recinos, Jen Cornick, Maria Marta Modolo, Dushyant Iyer, Sebastian King, Tom Arthur, Sayeda Nazmum Nahar, Ade Waterman, Michael Walsh, Arnav Agarwal, Augusto Zani, Mohammed Firdouse, Tyler Rouse, Qinyang Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Peep Talving, Mengistu Worku, Alexis Arnaud, Vassilis Kalles, Basant Kumar, Sunil Kumar, Radhian Amandito, Roy Quek, Luca Ansaloni, Ahmed Altibi, Donatas Venskutonis, Justas Zilinskas, Tomas Poskus, John Whitaker, Vanessa Msosa, Yong Yong Tew, Alexia Farrugia, Elaine Borg, Zineb Bentounsi, Tanzeela Gala, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Haya Tahboub, Osaid H Alser, Diego Romani, Sebestian Shu, Piotr Major, Aurel Mironescu, Matei Bratu, Amar Kourdouli, Aliyu Ndajiwo, Abdulaziz Altwijri, Mohammed Ubaid Alsaggaf, Ahmad Gudal, Al Faifi Jubran, Sam Seisay, Bettina Lieske, Irene Ortega, Jenifa Jeyakumar, Kithsiri J Senanayake, Omar Abdulbagi, Yucel Cengiz, Dmitri Raptis, Yuksel Altinel, Chia Kong, Ella Teasdale, Gareth Irwin, Michael Stoddart, Rakan Kabariti, Sukrit Suresh, Katherine Gash, Ragavan Narayanan, Mayaba Maimbo, Besmir Grizhja, Shpetim Ymeri, Gezim Galiqi, Roberto Klappenbach, Diego Antezana, Alvaro Enrique Mendoza Beleño, Cecilia Costa, Belen Sanchez, Susan Aviles, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Rubén Balmaceda, Santiago Villalobos, Juan Manuel Carmona, Daniel Hamill, Peter Deutschmann, Simone Sandler, Daniel Cox, Ram Nataraja, Claire Sharpin, Damir Ljuhar, Demi Gray, Morgan Haines, Dush Iyer, Nithya Niranjan, Scott D'Amours, Morvarid Ashtari, Helena Franco, Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Sabbir Karim, Nowrin F Aman, Mahnuma Mahfuz Estee, Umme Salma, Joyeta Razzaque, Tasnia Hamid Kanta, Sayeeda Aktar Tori, Shadid Alamin, Swapnil Roy, Shadid Al Amin, Rezaul Karim, Muhtarima Haque, Amreen Faruq, Farhana Iftekhar, Margaret O'Shea, Greg Padmore, Ramesh Jonnalagadda, Andrey Litvin, Aliaksandr Filatau, Dzmitry Paulouski, Maryna Shubianok, Tatsiana Shachykava, Dzianis Khokha, Vladimir Khokha, Fernande Djivoh, Francis Dossou, Djifid Morel Seto, Dansou Gaspard Gbessi, Bruno Noukpozounkou, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou, Kpèmahouton René Keke, Fred Hodonou, Ernest Yemalin Stephane Ahounou, Thierry Alihonou, Max Dénakpo, Germain Ahlonsou, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Sandrine Kwizera, Venerand Barendegere, Philip Choi, Simon Stock, Luai Jamal, Georges Azzie, Sameer Kushwaha, Tzu-Ling Chen, Chingwan Yip, Irene Montes, Felipe Zapata, Sebastian Sierra, Maria Isabel Villegas Lanau, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Ivan Mendoza Restrepo, Ruben Santiago Restrepo Giraldo, Edgar Domini, Robert Karlo, Jakov Mihanovic, Mohamed Youssef, Hossam Elfeki, Waleed Thabet, Aly Sanad, Gehad Tawfik, Ahmed Zaki, Noran Abdel-Hameed, Mohamed Mostafa, Muhammad Fathi Waleed Omar, Ahmed Ghanem, Emad Abdallah, Adel Denewer, Eman Emara, Eman Rashad, Ahmad Sakr, Rehab Elashry, Sameh Emile, Toqa Khafagy, Sara Elhamouly, Arwa Elfarargy, Amna Mamdouh Mohamed, Ghada Saied Nagy, Abeer Esam, Eman Elwy, Aya Hammad, Salwa Khallaf, Eman Ibrahim, Ahmed Said Badr, Ahmed Moustafa, Amany Eldosouky Mohammed, Mohammed Elgheriany, Eman Abdelmageed, Eman Abd Al Raouf, Esraa Samir Elbanby, Maha Elmasry, Mahitab Morsy Farahat, Eman Yahya Mansor, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Esraa Gamal, Heba Gamal, Hend Kandil, Doaa Maher Abdelrouf, Mohamed Moaty, Dina Gamal, Nada El-Sagheer, Mohamed Salah, Salma Magdy, Asmaa Salah, Ahmed Essam, Ahmed Ali, Mahmoud Badawy, Sara Ahmed, Mazed Mohamed, Abdelrahman Assal, Mohamed Sleem, Mai Ebidy, Aly Abd-Elrazek, Diaaaldin Zahran, Nourhan Adam, Mohamed Nazir, Adel B Hassanein, Ahmed Ismail, Amira Elsawy, Rana Mamdouh, Mohamed Mabrouk, Lopna Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed, Mohamed Hassab Alnaby, Eman Magdy, Manar Abd-Elmawla, Marwan Fahim, Bassant Mowafy, Moustafa Ibrahim Mahmoud, Meran Allam, Muhammad Alkelani, Noran Halim El Gendy, Mariam Saad Aboul-Naga, Reham Alaa El-Din, Alyaa Halim Elgendy, Mohamed Ismail, Mahmoud Shalaby, Aya Adel Elsharkawy, Mahmoud Elsayed Moghazy, Khaled Hesham Elbisomy, Hend Abdel Gawad Shakshouk, Mohamed Fouad Hamed, Mai Mohamed Ebidy, Mostafa Abdelkader, Mohamed Karkeet, Hayam Ahmed, Israa Adel, Mohammad Elsayed Omar, Mohamed Ibrahim, Omar Ghoneim, Omar Hesham, Shimaa Gamal, Karim Hilal, Omar Arafa, Sawsan Adel Awad, Menatalla Salem, Fawzia Abdellatif Elsherif, Nourhan Elsabbagh, Moustafa R Aboelsoud, Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad Rida, Amr Hossameldin, Ethar Hany, Yomna Hosny Asar, Nourhan Anwar, Mohamed Gadelkarim, Samar Abdelhady, Eman Mohamed Morshedy, Reham Saad, Nourhan Soliman, Mahmoud Salama, Eslam Ezzat, Arwa Mohamed, Arwa Ibrahim, Alaa Fergany, Sara Mohammed, Aya Reda, Yomna Allam, Hanan Adel Saad, Afnan Abdelfatah, Aya Mohamed Fathy, Ahmed El-Sehily, Esraa Abdalmageed Kasem, Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset Hassan, Ahmed Rabeih Mohammed, Abdalla Gamal Saad, Yasmin Elfouly, Nesma Elfouly, Arij Ibrahim, Amr Hassaan, Mohammed Mustafa Mohammed, Ghada Elhoseny, Mohamed Magdy, Esraa Abd Elkhalek, Yehia Zakaria, Tarek Ezzat, Ali Abo El Dahab, Mohamed Kelany, Sara Arafa, Osama Mokhtar Mohamed Hassan, Nermin Mohamed Badwi, Ahmad Saber Sleem, Hussien Ahmed, Kholoud Abdelbadeai, Mohamed Abozed Abdullah, Muhammad Amsyar Auni Lokman, Suraya Bahar, Anan Rady Abdelazeam, Abdelrahman Adelshone, Muhammad Bin Hasnan, Athirah Zulkifli, Siti Nur Alia Kamarulzamil, Abdelaziz Elhendawy, Aliang Latif, Ahmad Bin Adnan, Shahadatul Shaharuddin, Aminah Hanum Haji Abdul Majid, Mahmoud Amreia, Dina Al-Marakby, Mahmoud Salma, Mohamad Jeffrey Bin Ismail, Elissa Rifhan Mohd Basir, Citra Dewi Mohd Ali, Aya Yehia Ata, Maha Nasr, Asmaa Rezq, Ahmed Sheta, Sherif Tariq, Abd Elkhalek Sallam, Abdelrhman Kz Darwish, Sohaila Elmihy, Shady Elhadry, Ahmed Farag, Haidar Hajeh, Abdelaziz Abdelaal, Amro Aglan, Ahmed Zohair, Mahitab Essam, Omar Moussa, Esraa El-Gizawy, Mostafa Samy, Safia Ali, Esraa El Halawany, Ahmed Ata, Mohamed El Halawany, Mohamed Nashat, Samar Soliman, Alaa Elazab, Mostada Samy, Mohamed A Abdelaziz, Khaled Ibrahim, Ahmed Mohamed Ibrahim, Ammar Gado, Usama Hantour, Esraa Alm Eldeen, Mohamed Reda Loaloa, Arwa Abouzaid, Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa Eldin, Eman Hashad, Fathy Sroor, Doaa Gamil, Eman Mahmoud Abdulhakeem, Mahmoud Zakaria, Fawzy Mohamed, Marwan Abubakr, Elsayed Ali, Hesham Magdy, Menna Tallah Ramadan, Mohamed Abdelaty Mohamed, Salma Mansour, Hager Abdul Aziz Amin, Ahmed Rabie Mohamed, Mahmoud Saami, Nada Ahmed Reda Elsayed, Adham Tarek, Sabry Mohy Eldeen Mahmoud, Islam Magdy El Sayed, Amira Reda, Martina Yusuf Shawky, Mohammed Mousa Salem, Shahinaz Alaa El-Din, Noha Abdullah Soliman, Muhammed Talaat, Shahinaz Alaael-Dein, Ahmed Abd Elmoen Elhusseiny, Noha Abdullah, Mohammed Elshaar, Aya Abdelfatah Ibraheem, Hager Abdulaziz, Mohammed Kamal Ismail, Mona Hamdy Madkor, Mohamed Abdelaty, Sara Mahmoud Abdel-Kader, Osama Mohamed Salah, Mahmoud Eldafrawy, Ahmed Zaki Eldeeb, Mostafa Mahmoud Eid, Attia Attia, Khalid Salah El-Dien, Ayman Shwky, Mohamed Adel Badenjki, Abdelrahman Soliman, Samaa Mahmoud Al Attar, Farrag Sayed, Fahd Abdel Sabour, Mohammed G Azizeldine, Muhammad Shawqi, Abdullah Hashim, Ahmed Aamer, Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelraouf, Mahmoud Abdelshakour, Amal Ibrahim, Basma Mahmoud, Mohamed Ali Mahmoud, Mostafa Qenawy, Ahmed M Rashed, Ahmed Dahy, Marwa Sayed, Ahmed W Shamsedine, Bakeer Mohamed, Ahmad Hasan, Mahmoud M Saad, Khalil Abdul Bassit, Nadia Khalid Abd El-Latif, Nada Elzahed, Ahmed El Kashash, Nada Mohamed Bekhet, Sarah Hafez, Ahmed Gad, Mahmoud Elkhadragy Maher, Ahmed Abd El-Sameea, Mohamed Hafez, Ahmad Sabe, Ataa Ahmed, Ahmed Shahine, Khaled Dawood, Shireen Gaafar, Reem Husseiny, Omnia Aboelmagd, Ahmed Soliman, Nourhan Mesbah, Hossam Emadeldin, Amgad Al Meligy, Amira Hassan Bekhet, Doaa Hasan, Khaled Alhady, Ahmad Khaled Sabe, Mahmoud A Elnajjar, Majed Aboelella, Ward Hamsho, Ihab Hassan, Hala Saad, Galaleldin Abdelazim, Hend Mahmoud, Noha Wael, Ahmedali M Kandil, Ahmed Magdy, Shimaa Said Elkholy, Badr Eldin Adel, Kareem Dabbour, Saged Elsherbiney, Omar Mattar, Abdulshafi Khaled AbdRabou, Mohammed Yahia Mohamed Aly, Abdelrahman Geuoshy, Ahmedglal Elnagar, Saraibrahim Ahmed, Ibrahem Abdelmotaleb, Amr Ahmed Saleh, Hesham Mohammed Bakry, Manar Saeed, Shady Mahmoud, Badreldin Adel Tawfik, Samar Adel Ismail, Esraay Zakaria, Mariam O Gad, Mohamed Salah Elhelbawy, Monica Bassem, Noha Maraie, Nourhan Medhat Elhadary, Nourhan Semeda, Shaza Rabie Mohamed, Hesham Mohammed Bakry, A A Essam, Dina Tarek, Khlood Ashour, Alaa Elhadad, Abdulrahman Abdel-Aty, Ibrahim Rakha, Sara Mamdouh Matter, Rasha Abdelhamed, Omar Abdelkader, Ayat Hassaan, Yasmin Soliman, Amna Mohamed, Sara Ghanem, Sara Amr Mohamed Farouk, Eman Mohamed Ibrahim, Esraa El-Taher, Merna Mostafa, Mohamed Fawzy Mahrous Badr, Rofida Elsemelawy, Aya El-Sawy, Ahmad Bakr, Ahmad Abdel Razaq Al Rafati, Sten Saar, Arvo Reinsoo, Nebyou Seyoum, Tewodros Worku, Agazi Fitsum, Matti Tolonen, Ari Leppäniemi, Ville Sallinen, Benogreît Parmentier, Matthieu Peycelon, Sabine Irtan, Sabrina Dardenne, Elsa Robert, Betty Maillot, Etienne Courboin, Alexis Pierre Arnaud, Juliette Hascoet, Olivier Abbo, Amir Ait Kaci, Thomas Prudhomme, Quentin Ballouhey, 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Aspasia Papailia, Theodosios Theodosopoulos, Georgios Gkiokas, Magdalini Mitroudi, Christina Panteli, Thomas Feidantsis, Konstantinos Farmakis, Dimitrios Kyziridis, Orestis Ioannidis, Styliani Parpoudi, Georgios Gemenetzis, Stavros Parasyris, Christos Anthoulakis, Nikolaos Nikoloudis, Michail Margaritis, Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Otto Coyoy-Gaitan, Javier Rosales, Luis Tale, Rafael Soley, Emmanuel Barrios, Servio Tulio Torres Rodriguez, Carlos Paz Galvez, Danilo Herrera Cruz, Guillermo Sanchez Rosenberg, Alejandro Matheu, David Monterroso Cohen, Marie Paul, Angeline Charles, Justin Chak Yiu Lam, Man Hon Andrew Yeung, Chi Ying Jacquelyn Fok, Ka Hin Gabriel Li, Anthony Chuk-Him Lai, Yuk Hong Eric Cheung, Hong Yee Wong, Ka Wai Leung, Tien Seng Bryan Lee, Wai Him Lam, Weihei Dao, Stephanie Hiu-Wai Kwok, Tsz-Yan Katie Chan, Yung Kok Ng, Twc Mak, Chi Chung Foo, James Yang, Ankur Bhatnagar, Vijaid Upadhyaya, Uday Muddebihal, Wasim Dar, K C Janardhan, Neerav Aruldas, Fidelis Jacklyn 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Antanas Zadoroznas, Nerijus Kaselis, Greta Žiubrytė, Finaritra Casimir Fleur Prudence Rahantasoa, Luc Hervé Samison, Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Todisoa Emmanuella Christina Tolotra, Cornelius Mukuzunga, Chimwemwe Kwatiwani, Nelson Msiska, Feng Yih Chai, Siti Mohd Desa Asilah, Khuzaimah Zahid Syibrah, Pui Xin Chin, Afizah Salleh, Nur Zulaika Riswan, April Camilla Roslani, Hoong-Yin Chong, Nora Abdul Aziz, Keat-Seong Poh, Chu-Ann Chai, Sandip Kumar, Mustafa Mohammed Taher, Nik Ritza Kosai, Dayang Nita Abdul Aziz, Reynu Rajan, Rokayah Julaihi, Durvesh Lacthman Jethwani, Muhammad Taqiyuddin Yahaya, Nik Azim Nik Abdullah, Susan Wndy Mathew, Kuet Jun Chung, Milaksh Kumar Nirumal, R Goh Ern Tze, Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan Ali, Yiing Yee Gan, Jesse Ron Swire Ting, Samuel S Y Sii, Kean Leong Koay, Yi Koon Tan, Alvin Ee Zhiun Cheah, Chui Yee Wong, Tuan Nur'Azmah Tuan Mat, Crystal Yern Nee Chow, Prisca Al Har, Yishan Der, Fitjerald Henry, Xinwei Low, Ya Theng Neo, Hian Ee Heng, Shu Ning Kong, Cheewei Gan, Yi Ting Mok, Yee Wen Tan, Kandasami Palayan, Mahadevan Deva Tata, Yih Jeng Cheong, Kuhaendran Gunaseelan, Wan Nurul 'Ain Wan Mohd Nasir, Pigeneswaren Yoganathan, Eu Xian Lee, Jian Er Saw, Li Jing Yeang, Pei Ying Koh, Shyang Yee Lim, Shuang Yi Teo, Nicole Grech, Daniela Magri, Kristina Cassar, Christine Mizzi, Malcolm Falzon, Nihaal Shaikh, Ruth Scicluna, Stefan Zammit, Sean Mizzi, Svetlana Doris Brincat, Thelma Tembo, Vu Thanh Hien Le, Tara Grima, Keith Sammut, Kurt Carabott, Ciskje Zarb, Andre Navarro, Thea Dimech, Georgette Marie Camilleri, Isaac Bertuello, Jeffrey Dalli, Karl Bonavia, Samantha Corro-Diaz, Marisol Manriquez-Reyes, Amina Abdelhamid, Abdelmalek Hrora, Sarah Benammi, Houda Bachri, Meryem Abbouch, Khaoula Boukhal, Redouane Mammar Bennai, Abdelkader Belkouchi, Mohamed Sobhi Jabal, Chaymae Benyaiche, Maarten Vermaas, Lucia Duinhouwer, Javier Pastora, Greta Wood, Maria Soledad Merlo, Akinlabi Ajao, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Taiwo Lawal, Abdussemiu 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Xianelle Rodriguez, Nahilia Carrasco, Fridiz Saravia, Hector Shibao Miyasato, María Valcarcel-Saldaña, Ysabel Esthefany Alejos Bermúdez, Juan Carpio, Walter Ruiz Panez, Pedro Angel Toribio Orbegozo, Carolina Guzmán Dueñas, Kevin Turpo Espinoza, Ana Maria Sandoval Barrantes, Jorge Armando Chungui Bravo, Lorena Fuentes-Rivera, Carmen Fernández, Bárbara Málaga, Joselyn Ye, Ricardo Velasquez, Jannin Salcedo, Ana Lucia Contreras-Vergara, Angelica Genoveva Vergara Mejia, Maria Soledad Gonzales Montejo, Marilia Del Carmen Escalante Salas, Willy Alcca Ticona, Marvin Vargas, George Christian Manrique Sila, Robinson Mas, Arazzelly Del Pilar Paucar, Armando José Román Velásquez, Alina Robledo-Rabanal, Ludwing Alexander Zeta Solis, Kenny Turpo Espinoza, José Luis Hamasaki Hamaguchi, Erick Samuel Florez Farfan, Linda Alvi Madrid Barrientos, Juan Jaime Herrera Matta, John Jemuel V Mora, Menold Archee P Redota, Manuel Francisco Roxas, Maria Jesusa B Maño, Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalan, Christel Leanne 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Kwang Tan, Ryan Choon Kiat Tan, Joel Kin Tan, Lau Wen Liang Joel, Xue Wei Chan, Faith Qi Hui Leong, Choon Seng Chong, Sharon Koh, Kai Yin Lee, Kuok Chung Lee, Kent Pluke, Britta Dedekind, Puyearashid Nashidengo, Mark Ian Hampton, Johanna Joosten, Sanju Sobnach, Liana Roodt, Anthony Sander, James Pape, Niveshni Maistry, Phumudzo Ndwambi, Kamau Kinandu, Myint Tun, Frederick Du Toit, Quinn Ellison, Sule Burger, D C Grobler, Lawrence Bongani Khulu, Rachel Moore, Vicky Jennings, Astrid Leusink, Nazmie Kariem, Juan Gouws, Kathryn Chu, Heather Bougard, Fazlin Noor, Angela Dell, Stephanie Van Straten, Arvin Khamajeet, Serge Kapenda Tshisola, Kalangu Kabongo, Victor Kong, Yoshan Moodley, Frank Anderson, Thandinkosi Madiba, Flip du Plooy, Leila Hartford, Gareth Chilton, Parveen Karjiker, Matlou Ernest Mabitsela, Sibongile Ruth Ndlovu, Maria Badicel, Robert Jaich, Jaime Ruiz-Tovar, Luis Garcia-Florez, Jorge L Otero-Díez, Virginia Ramos Pérez, Nuria Aguado Suárez, Javier Minguez García, Sara Corral Moreno, Maria Vicenta Collado, Virginia Jiménez Carneros, Javier García Septiem, Mariana Gonzalez, Antonio Picardo, Enrique Esteban, Esther Ferrero, Eloy Espin-Basany, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Valeria Andriola, Lorena Solar García, Elisa Contreras, Carmen García Bernardo, Janet Pagnozzi, Sandra Sanz, Alberto Miyar de León, Asnel Dorismé, Joseluis Rodicio, Aida Suarez, Jessica Stuva, Tamara Diaz Vico, Laura Fernandez-Vega, Carla Soldevila-Verdeguer, Fatima Sena-Ruiz, Natalia Pujol-Cano, Paula Diaz-Jover, José Maria Garcia-Perez, Juan Jose Segura-Sampedro, Cristina Pineño-Flores, David Ambrona-Zafra, Andrea Craus-Miguel, Patricia Jimenez-Morillas, Angela Mazzella, A B Jayathilake, Spb Thalgaspitiya, L S Wijayarathna, Pmsn Wimalge, Hakeem Ayomi Sanni, Ogheneochuko Okenabirhie, Anmar Homeida, Abobaker Younis, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Mustafa Abdulaziz, Ali Mussad, Ali Adam, Ida Björklund, Sandra Ahlqvist, Anders Thorell, Fredrik Wogensen, Arestis Sokratous, Michaela Breistrand, Hildur Thorarinsdottir, Johanna Sigurdadottir, Maziar Nikberg, Abbas Chabok, Maria Hjertberg, Peter Elbe, Deborah Saraste, Wiktor Rutkowski, Louise Forlin, Karoliina Niska, Malin Sund, Dennis Oswald, Georgios Peros, Rafael Bluelle, Katharina Reinisch, Daniel Frey, Adrian Palma, Dimitri Aristotle Raptis, Lucius Zumbühl, Markus Zuber, Roger Schmid, Gabriela Werder, Antonio Nocito, Alexandra Gerosa, Silke Mahanty, Lukas Werner Widmer, Julia Müller, Alissa Gübeli, Grzegorz Zuk, Osman Bilgin Gulcicek, Talar Vartanoglu, Emin Kose, Servet Rustu Karahan, Mehmet Can Aydin, Nuri Alper Sahbaz, Ilkay Halicioglu, Halil Alis, Ipek Sapci, Can Adiyaman, Ahmet Murat Pektaş, Turgut Bora Cengiz, Ilkan Tansoker, Vedatcan Işler, Muazzez Cevik, Deniz Mutlu, Volkan Ozben, Berk Baris Ozmen, Sefa Bayram, Sinem Yolcu, Berna Buse Kobal, Ömer Faruk Toto, Haluk Cem Çakaloğlu, Kagan Karabulut, Vahit Mutlu, Bahar Busra Ozkan, Saban Celik, Anil Semiz, Selim Bodur, Enisburak Gül, Busra Murutoglu, Reyyan Yildirim, Bahadir Emre Baki, Ekin Arslan, Mehmet Ulusahin, Ali Guner, Kudir Tomas, Nathan Walker, Nikhita Shrimanker, Simon Cole, Ryan Breslin, Ravi Srinivasan, Mohamed Elshaer, Kristina Hunter, Ahmed Al-Bahrani, Ignatius Liew, Nora Grace Mairs, Alistair Rocke, Lachlan Dick, Mobeen Qureshi, Debkumar Chowdhury, Naomi Wright, Clare Skerritt, Dorothy Kufeji, Adrienne Ho, Tharindra Dissanayake, Athula Tennakoon, Wadah Ali, Shujing Jane Lim, Charlene Tan, Stephen O'Neill, Catrin Jones, Stephen Knight, Dima Nassif, Abhishek Sharma, Oliver Warren, Rebecca White, Aia Mehdi, Nathan Post, Eliana Kalakouti, Enkhbat Dashnyam, Frederick Stourton, Ioannis Mykoniatis, Chelise Currow, Francisca Wong, Ashish Gupta, Veeranna Shatkar, Joshua Luck, Suraj Kadiwar, Alexander Smedley, Rebecca Wakefield, Philip Herrod, James Blackwell, Jonathan Lund, Fraser Cohen, Ashwath Bandi, Stefano Giuliani, Giles Bond-Smith, Theodore Pezas, Neda Farhangmehr, Tomas Urbonas, Miklos Perenyei, Philip Ireland, Natalie Blencowe, Kirk Bowling, David Bunting, Lydia Longstaff, Kenneth Keogh, Hyunjin Jeon, Muhammad Rafaih Iqbal, Shivun Khosla, Anna Jeffery, James Perera, Ahmad Aboelkassem Ibrahem, Tariq Alhammali, Yahya Salama, Shaun Oram, Thomas Kidd, Fraser Cullen, Christopher Owen, Michael Wilson, Seehui Chiu, Hannah Sarafilovic, Jennifer Ploski, Elizabeth Evans, Athar Abbas, Sylvia Kamya, Norzawani Ishak, Carly Bisset, Cedar Andress, Ye Ru Chin, Priya Patel, David Evans, Aidan Haslegrave, Adam Boggon, Kirsten Laurie, Katie Connor, Thomas Mann, Anahita Mansuri, Rachel Davies, Ewen Griffiths, Aized Raza Shahbaz, Calvin Eng, Farhat Din, Ariadne L'Heveder, Esther Hg Park, Ramanish Ravishankar, Kirsten McIntosh, Jih Dar Yau, Luke Chan, Susan McGarvie, Lingshan Tang, Hui Lim, Suhhuey Yap, Jay Park, Zhan Herr Ng, Shahrukh Mirza, Yun Lin Ang, Luke Walls, Chloe Roy, Simon Paterson-Brown, Julian Camilleri-Brennan, Kenneth Mclean, Michelle S D'Souza, Savva Pronin, David Ewart Henshall, Eunice Zuling Ter, Dina Fouad, Ashish Minocha, William English, Catrin Morgan, Dominic Townsend, Laura Maciejec, Shareef Mahdi, Onyinye Akpenyi, Elisabeth Hall, Hanaan Caydiid, Zakaria Rob, Tom Abbott, Hew D Torrance, Robin Johnston, Mohammed Aki Gani, Gianpiero Gravante, Shivanchan Rajmohan, Kiran Majid, Shiva Dindyal, Christopher Smith, Madanmohan Palliyil, Sanjay Patel, Luke Nicholson, Neil Harvey, Katie Baillie, Sam Shillito, Suzanne Kershaw, Rebecca Bamford, Peter Orton, Elke Reunis, Robert Tyler, Wai Cheong Soon, Guled M Jama, Dharminder Dhillon, Khyati Patel, Shayanthan Nanthakumaran, Rachel Heard, Kar Yan Chen, Behrad Barmayehvar, Uttaran Datta, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Sharad Karandikar, Sobhana Iftekhar Tani, Eimear Monaghan, Philippa Donnelly, Michael Walker, Jehangirshaw Parakh, Sarah Blacker, Anil Kaul, Arjun Paramasivan, Sameh Farag, Ashrafun Nessa, Salwa Awadallah, Jieqi Lim, James Chean Khun Ng, Ravi P Kiran, Alice Murray, Eric Etchill, Mohini Dasari, Juan Puyana, Nadeem Haddad, Martin Zielinski, Asad Choudhry, Celeste Caliman, Mieshia Beamon, Therese Duane, Mamta Swaroop, Jonathan Myers, Rebecca Deal, Erik Schadde, Mark Hemmila, Lena Napolitano, Kathleen To, Alex Makupe, Joseph Musowoya, Niels van der Naald, Dayson Kumwenda, Alex Reece-Smith, Kars Otten, Anna Verbeek, Marloes Prins, Alibeth Andres Baquero Suarez, Ruben Balmaceda, Chelsea Deane, Emilio Dijan, Mahmoud Elfiky, Laura Koskenvuo, Aurore Thollot, Bernard Limoges, Carmen Capito, Challine Alexandre, Henri Kotobi, Julien Leroux, Kalitha Pinnagoda, Nicolas Henric, Olivier Azzis, Olivier Rosello, Poddevin Francois, Sara Etienne, Philippe Buisson, Sophian Hmila, Joe-Nat Clegg-Lamptey, Osman Imoro, Owusu Emmanuel Abem, Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Vasiliki Soulou, Sabrina Asturias, Lenin Peña, Donal B O'Connor, Alberto Realis Luc, Alfio Alessandro Russo, Andrea Ruzzenente, Antonio Taddei, Camilla Cona, Corrado Bottini, Giovanni Pascale, Giuseppe Rotunno, Leonardo Solaini, Marco Maria Pascale, Margherita Notarnicola, Mario Corbellino, Michele Sacco, Paolo Ubiali, Roberto Cautiero, Tommaso Bocchetti, Elena Muzio, Vania Guglielmo, Eugenio Morandi, Patrizio Mao, Emilia de Luca, Farah Mahmoud Ali, Justas Žilinskas, Kestutis Strupas, Paulius Kondrotas, Robertas Baltrunas, Juozas Kutkevicius, Povilas Ignatavicius, Choy Ling Tan, Jia Yng Siaw, Sir Young Yam, Ling Wilson, Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz, John Bondin, Carmina Diaz Zorrilla, Anass Majbar, Danjuma Sale, Lawal Abdullahi, Olabisi Osagie, Omolara Faboya, Adedeji Fatuga, Agboola Taiwo, Emeka Nwabuoku, Marte Bliksøen, Zain Ali Khan, Jazmin Coronel, Cesar Miranda, Idelso Vasquez, Luis M Helguero-Santin, Jennifer Rickard, Adesina Adedeji, Saleh Alqahtani, Max Rath, Michael Van Niekerk, Modise Zacharia Koto, Roel Matos-Puig, Leif Israelsson, Tobias Schuetz, Mahmut Arif Yuksek, Meric Mericliler, Mehmet Ulusahin, Bernhard Wolf, Cameron Fairfield, Guo Liang Yong, Katharine Whitehurst, Natalie Redgrave, Caroluce K Musyoka, James Olivier, Kathryn Lee, Michael Cox, Muhamed M H Farhan-Alanie, Rory Callan, Chali Chibuye, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed Ali, Syrine Rekhis, Muna Rommaneh, Zi Hao Sam, Thays Brunelli Pugliesi, Gabriel Pardo, Ruth Blanco

Subjects
Male, paediatric, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Primary outcome, gastro-enterologic surgery, Risk Factors, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, paediatrics, Prospective cohort study, Child, Digestive System Surgical Procedures, Original Research, lcsh:R5-920, Paediatric surgery, Health Policy, Human development (humanity), 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Child, Preschool, surgical infection, Female, lcsh:Medicine (General), Surgical site infection, Cohort study, Human, AFRICA, medicine.medical_specialty, CARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTION, Adolescent, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, medicine, Humans, Surgical Wound Infection, lcsh:RC109-216, In patient, Human Development Index, business.industry, Kirurgi, Risk Factor, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Digestive System Surgical Procedure, GLOBAL BURDEN, 3126 Surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care, radiology, Surgery, Prospective Studie, Cohort Studie, business
Abstract

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p

Published
2020

45. Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Haplotype Diversity Detects Striking Sequence Conservation Across Genotypes and Chronic Disease Phase

Author

Wagner, J, Yuen, L, Littlejohn, M, Sozzi, V, Jackson, K, Suri, V, Tan, S, Feierbach, B, Gaggar, A, Marcellin, P, Ferret, MB, Janssen, HLA, Gane, E, Chan, HLY, Colledge, D, Rosenberg, G, Bayliss, J, Howden, BP, Locarnini, SA, Wong, D, Thompson, AT, Revill, PA, Wagner, J, Yuen, L, Littlejohn, M, Sozzi, V, Jackson, K, Suri, V, Tan, S, Feierbach, B, Gaggar, A, Marcellin, P, Ferret, MB, Janssen, HLA, Gane, E, Chan, HLY, Colledge, D, Rosenberg, G, Bayliss, J, Howden, BP, Locarnini, SA, Wong, D, Thompson, AT, and Revill, PA

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We conducted haplotype analysis of complete hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes following deep sequencing from 368 patients across multiple phases of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection from four major genotypes (A-D), analyzing 4,110 haplotypes to identify viral variants associated with treatment outcome and disease progression. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Between 18.2% and 41.8% of nucleotides and between 5.9% and 34.3% of amino acids were 100% conserved in all genotypes and phases examined, depending on the region analyzed. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) loss by week 192 was associated with different haplotype populations at baseline. Haplotype populations differed across the HBV genome and CHB history, this being most pronounced in the precore/core gene. Mean number of haplotypes (frequency) per patient was higher in immune-active, HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis phase 2 (11.8) and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis phase 4 (16.2) compared to subjects in the "immune-tolerant," HBeAg-positive chronic infection phase 1 (4.3, P< 0.0001). Haplotype frequency was lowest in genotype B (6.2, P< 0.0001) compared to the other genotypes (A = 11.8, C = 11.8, D = 13.6). Haplotype genetic diversity increased over the course of CHB history, being lowest in phase 1, increasing in phase 2, and highest in phase 4 in all genotypes except genotype C. HBeAg loss by week 192 of tenofovir therapy was associated with different haplotype populations at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a degree of HBV haplotype diversity and heterogeneity across the phases of CHB natural history, highly conserved sequences in key genes and regulatory regions were identified in multiple HBV genotypes that should be further investigated as targets for antiviral therapies and predictors of treatment response.

Published
2021

49. HBV variants are common in the 'immune-tolerant' phase of chronic hepatitis B

Author

Yuen, L, Revill, PA, Rosenberg, G, Wagner, J, Littlejohn, M, Bayliss, J, Jackson, K, Tan, SK, Gaggar, A, Kitrinos, K, Subramanian, M, Gane, E, Chan, HLY, Li, X, Bowden, S, Locarnini, S, Thompson, A, Yuen, L, Revill, PA, Rosenberg, G, Wagner, J, Littlejohn, M, Bayliss, J, Jackson, K, Tan, SK, Gaggar, A, Kitrinos, K, Subramanian, M, Gane, E, Chan, HLY, Li, X, Bowden, S, Locarnini, S, and Thompson, A

Abstract

Nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUC) treatment prevents progression of liver fibrosis in subjects with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) persists despite viral suppression. Specific HBV variants have been associated with adverse outcomes, including HCC; however, the frequency of these variants during the seemingly benign immunotolerant (IT) phase is unknown. Next-generation sequencing and detailed virological characterization on a cohort of treatment-naïve IT subjects were performed to determine the frequency of clinically relevant viral variants. Samples from 97 subjects (genotype B/C 55%/45%, median HBV-DNA 8.5 log10 IU/mL, median HBsAg 4.8 log10 IU/mL, median HBeAg 3.6 log10 PEIU/mL) were analysed. Despite subjects being in the IT phase, clinically relevant HBV variants were common at baseline, particularly in the basal core promoter (BCP, overlaps the hepatitis B X (HBx) gene), precore and PreS regions. BCP/HBx variants were independently associated with lower baseline HBeAg, HBsAg and HBV-DNA titres. Precore variants were independently associated with higher baseline ALT. Increased viral diversity was associated with increased age and lower HBV-DNA, HBsAg and HBeAg levels. Low-level (<5%) drug resistance-associated amino acid substitutions in the HBV reverse transcriptase were detected in 9 (9%) subjects at pre-treatment but were not associated with reduced antiviral activity. Future studies should evaluate whether the detection of HBV variant during IT CHB is predictive of progression to immune clearance and poor prognosis, and whether early initiation of antiviral therapy during IT CHB to prevent the selection of HBV variants is clinically beneficial.

Published
2020

50. Geoinformation mapping in urban ecology. Review of: “Assessment and geoinformation mapping of the medical and environmental situation in the city of Voronezh: Collection of scientific articles” / Under general editorship of S.A. Kurolap and O.V. Klepikov. Voronezh: Digital printing, 2019. 219 p. and of “Environmental risks of regions of intensive technogenic development” / S.A. Kurolap, O.V. Klepikov, T.I. Prozhorina et al / Under general editorship of S.A. Kurolap and O.V. Klepikov. Voronezh: Digital printing, 2019. 191 p.

Author

Kostina, N. V., primary, Lazareva, N. V., additional, and Rosenberg, G. S., additional

Published
2021
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