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Throughout the nineteenth century, shady characters appear in French writings from one end of the literary spectrum to another. While Paris gleams through the night, the City of Lights has a darker underside with its own infrastructure, its own rules and traditions – and its own literature. In the shadows of the capital, thieves, murderers, addicts, shoplifters, seducers, and smugglers carry out their nefarious acts, pursued by detectives (both police and private) who seek to apprehend and analyze them. These novels pave the way for a new genre, the detective novel or roman polar, which gains ever-increasing popularity as the nineteenth century moves toward its close and the twentieth dawns with developments in literature and other genres. These stories are experimental by nature, and lend themselves to further innovations, both apertures (to borrow Barthes's term) and departures. In addition, the detective stories of the nineteenth century contribute to the creation of a new art in the twentieth century: they are part and parcel of the work of film, especially film noir.This volume considers literature of the criminal underworld and its encounters with society, in the city and the popular imagination. The twelve essays compiled here examine the intersections between law and literature in the nineteenth century, from the newly adjusted property laws after the Revolution of 1789 through the scientific discourse around kleptomania in the fin-de-siècle. The authors question how texts, both canonical and “paraliterary,” are inscribed into the social, political, economic and artistic dialogues of the period. Other questions come up in these textual examinations: how are real-life criminals and the spaces they inhabit translated into literary ones? How do crimes in novels reflect or produce social tensions and preoccupations around issues of gender, education, class, and ideology? And, perhaps most importantly, what does it mean to be the “author of a crime”?

Films With Legs: Crossing Borders with Foreign Language Films addresses the ways international cinematic traditions both erect borders and blur them or tear them down. Each chapter of this book examines real and perceived borders, their representations on the screen and their manifestations in filmic texts that can also be cultural documents and political statements.The fifteen articles included here discuss films made by twenty-four directors, with dialogues in nine foreign languages, representing cultural aspects from twelve countries and five continents. From Algeria to Bulgaria, Germany to Israel, India to Argentina, the films studied in this book have legs that cross many borders and take their audiences on distant journeys. Simultaneously, these films comment on the ever-expanding nature of cinema itself, of filmic language and of film as language, and discuss how borders are constructed on the screen, not just in fences and walls and boundaries, but also in dialogue and dialect, speech and accent and silence.