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Digestive disorders in cattle are associated with the breeding system and feed provided to the animals. Abomasal compaction is primarily related to the ingestion of forage with elevated levels of lignin, low quality, and difficult digestibility. In addition, the excess of fibrous food in the diet can lead to phytobezoars that may be responsible for intestinal obstruction disorders. This study aimed to describe pathological and clinical aspects of an outbreak of digestive disorders associated with the consumption of palm fiber (Elaeis guineensis). The outbreak struck a herd of 499 animals raised in a feedlot system after a change in diet that included an increase in the amount of palm fiber. Forty (8.01%) animals showed clinical signs such as fattening and regurgitation during rumination, and 21 (4.2%) animals died later. The cattle affected presented with apathy, emaciation, dehydration, distended abdomen, incomplete or absent ruminal movements, and congestive mucosa. Three animals were submitted to necropsy, and distended rumen and reticulum has a large amount of brownish liquid, long and tangled vegetable fibers with sand and stones. In two animals, the omasum had many rounded structures measuring approximately 5cm in diameter, made of vegetable fiber (phytobezoars). Abomasum of animals had similar material to the rumen, and one animal had compressed content. In two animals, dilatation was observed in the small intestine, and in the opening, the total obstruction of the lumen by phytobezoar was observed. During the follow-up of the slaughter of 76 cattle, 15 (19.7%) had phytobezoars of different sizes in the omasum and abomasum. The increased amount of oil palm fiber in animal feeding favored the occurrence of compression abomasum and intestinal obstruction phytobezoa, causing significant economic losses. RESUMO: Alguns distúrbios digestivos em bovinos podem estar associados ao sistema de criação e alimentação dos animais. Entre estes estão à compactação de abomaso e a obstrução intestinal por fitobezoários, ambas relacionadas principalmente com a ingestão de alimentos com altos níveis de lignina e, consequentemente, de difícil digestibilidade. Neste trabalho são descritos os aspectos clínicos e patológicos de um surto de distúrbios digestivos em bovinos associados ao consumo de fibra de dendê (Elaeis guineensis). O surto acometeu um rebanho de 499 bovinos, criados em sistema de confinamento, após uma mudança na dieta que incluiu o aumento na quantidade de fibra de dendê. Após a mudança 40 animais (8,01%) apresentaram diarreia, distensão abdominal e regurgitação durante a ruminação e 21 animais (4,2%) morreram. Os bovinos examinados clinicamente apresentavam sinais de apatia, emagrecimento, desidratação, abdômen distendido, movimentos ruminais incompletos e ausentes, além de mucosas congestas. Três animais foram submetidos à necropsia e observou-se rúmen e reticulo distendidos e com grande quantidade de líquido acastanhado, fibras vegetais longas e emaranhadas e presença de areia e pedras. Em dois animais o omaso continha grande número de estruturas arredondadas medindo aproximadamente 5cm de diâmetro, constituídas de fibras vegetais (fitobezoários). No abomaso dos animais havia material semelhante ao do rúmen, sendo que um animal apresentou conteúdo compactado e um deles também tinha fitobezoários. Em dois animais foram observadas dilatação e obstrução total do lúmen do intestino delgado por fitobezoários. Durante o acompanhamento do abate de 76 bovinos, 15 (19,7%) apresentavam fitobezoários de diferentes tamanhos no abomaso e omaso. O aumento da quantidade de fibra de dendê na alimentação dos animais favoreceu a ocorrência de casos de compactação de abomaso e obstrução intestinal por fitobezoários, ocasionando perdas econômicas significativas.

The objective of this study was to describe a case of salmonellosis in an Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis). The animal was rescued from a tributary of the Capim River, in the municipality of Goianésia do Pará, Pará, Brazil, kept in a pool, and died approximately five months after being rescued. The main changes observed at necropsy were that the cecum and colon had serosal hyperemia, wall edema, thickened mucosa with ulcerated areas and covered by a thin layer of fibrin, and a yellowish liquid content. Histologically, there was moderate multifocal fibrinonecrotic typhlocolitis associated with intense bacterial colonization. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (rough) was isolated in cecum and colon fragments. This is the first report of salmonellosis in an Amazonian manatee. RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever um caso de salmonelose em um peixe-boi-da-amazônia (Trichechus inunguis). O animal foi resgatado em um afluente do rio Capim, no município de Goianésia do Pará, Pará, Brasil, sendo mantido em uma piscina e morrendo aproximadamente cinco meses após o resgate. As principais alterações observadas na necropsia foram ceco e colón com hiperemia da serosa; edema da parede; mucosa espessada, com áreas ulceradas e revestida por uma fina camada de fibrina; e conteúdo líquido amarelado. Histologicamente havia tiflocolite fibrinonecrótica, multifocal, moderada, associada a intensa colonização bacteriana. Em fragmentos de ceco e cólon foi isolada Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (rugosa). Este é o primeiro relato de salmonelose em peixe-boi-da-amazônia.

This work was supported by The Pro-Amaz?nia Biodiversity and Sustainability project was financed by the Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior ? Brasil (CAPES), notice 047/2012, AUXPE 3286/2013 - Process 23,038.009430 / 2013?98. Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Medicina Veterin?ria. Castanhal, PA, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Medicina Veterin?ria. Castanhal, PA, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Medicina Veterin?ria. Castanhal, PA, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Medicina Veterin?ria. Castanhal, PA, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Medicina Veterin?ria. Castanhal, PA, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Medicina Veterin?ria. Castanhal, PA, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Medicina Veterin?ria. Castanhal, PA, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Medicina Veterin?ria. Castanhal, PA, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Medicina Veterin?ria. Castanhal, PA, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Medicina Veterin?ria. Castanhal, PA, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Medicina Veterin?ria. Castanhal, PA, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Medicina Veterin?ria. Castanhal, PA, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laborat?rio de Geoprocessamento. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas. Laborat?rio de Ecologia e Zoologia de Vertebrados. Bel?m PA, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Medicina Veterin?ria. Castanhal, PA, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Medicina Veterin?ria. Castanhal, PA, Brazil. Chagas disease is an anthropozoonosis, caused by a flagellated protozoan, Trypanosoma cruzi, in which the enzootic cycle occurs between mammals and triatomines. Two dogs with a history of sudden death were necropsied at the Federal University of Par? (UFPA). One dog had a pale area in the myocardium, which on histopathological examination showed a T. cruzi amastigote nest; immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis characterized it as acute Chagas disease (ACD). The second dog showed no macroscopic changes. Microscopically, a few cardiomyocytes were replaced by adipocytes, and IHC result was negative for T. cruzi. However, results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the cardiac tissue of both dogs was positive for T. cruzi DNA. After that, an epidemiological study was conducted in the region. For this study, we selected four areas in Castanhal. One of the four areas (Area 1) is where one of the dogs lived. The other three areas were chosen because they were recently deforested for housing. Blood samples were collected from dogs, cats, wild small mammals (marsupials and rodents), and the digestive tract of triatomines. Nested PCR was performed on all the blood samples and the triatomine digestive tracts. In Area 1, T. cruzi DNA was detected in 50% (12/24) of the tested dogs, in the only tested cat (1/1), 50% (1/2) of the tested marsupials (Didelphis marsupials), and 100% of the captured triatomines (Rhodnius pictipes) (2/2). In Area 2, T. cruzi DNA was not detected in any of the 11 (0/11) dogs and two marsupials tested (0/2), and no triatomines were found in this area. In Area 3, T. cruzi DNA was detected in 42.25% (30/71) of the dogs, in 66,6% (2/3) of the cats, the only captured marsupial (D. marsupialis) (1/1), and all three triatomines (3/3) (R. pictipes) tested. In Area 4, the two dogs tested were negative (0/2), 25% (1/4) of the captured marsupials (D. marsupialis) was positive, and no triatomine was captured in this area. The data demonstrate the importance of detecting T. cruzi in dogs, cats, small rodents, and marsupials in the Amazon metropolitan areas, where ecotopes carry reservoirs and vectors capable of participating in the Chagas disease cycle. The proximity between humans and T. cruzi vectors in these places might contribute to increased disease transmission risk and maintenance of agents. It was noted that high-standard condominiums, previously thought to reduce the risk for this disease, presented a new epidemiological risk. The presence of T. cruzi DNA in a dog who, a year earlier had tested negative, when another dog in the same house died of ACD, shows that the transmission cycle is present and active, with a high possibility of disease transmission to animals and humans.