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The COVID-19 pandemic brought abrupt changes to teaching that caused increased stress amid an already difficult time. Whether teaching remote, hybrid, or in-person, university faculty were expected to continue teaching throughout the pandemic, despite personal challenges at home. In addition, there were expectations that faculty show greater levels of compassion towards their students. Multiple articles brought attention to these struggles and questioned whether university faculty might be experiencing compassion fatigue--a state of emotional exhaustion brought on by secondary traumatic stress and characterized by a reduced capacity for empathy. Using data from a larger, longitudinal qualitative study of faculty members' experiences during the pandemic, the present study aims to understand faculty experiences of emotional labor and compassion fatigue during this time. Unsurprisingly, most participants reported an increase in emotional labor during the early pandemic; however, roughly one in four described their emotional labor loads as unchanged or even decreased. In those cases, participants often described active disengagement practices in the workplace, or methods of "guarding one's time." Overall, compassion fatigue was less evident than anticipated, but there were identifiable signs of burnout among participants. This finding alone suggests a need for additional research to better conceptualize and operationalize the two terms.

This study investigates the extent of implementation of blended learning in senior high school (SHS) science education as to the content, communication, technology, pedagogy, and assessment vis-à-vis students' academic achievement. In this analytical research design, data were gathered from 182 students and 12 science teachers using stratified random sampling. Gathered data were systematically treated and analyzed utilizing descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency, percentage count, mean, standard deviation, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation. Findings revealed the extent of implementation of blended learning in SHS science education as moderately implemented as perceived by the students and teachers. As to the students' profiles, there was a significant relationship between technology and the parent's monthly income. There was no significant difference in the extent of implementation of blended learning across all variables as perceived by the teachers. After implementing blended learning, the student's academic achievement in science was outstanding, and this put forward a significant relationship between content and assessment in their academic achievement. The study concluded that several things should be considered in implementing blended learning in the new normal education. Students' and teachers' involvement in the implementation is essential for improving the modality and the school administrators may consider undertaking specific plans and activities such as the need for teachers to attend training, seminars, and workshops related to blended learning implementation.

Shrihari Jathanakodi,1 Charlotte Both,1 Ines Brueckmann,1 Laura Rose,2 Nahal Nasseri,3 Jean-Pierre Raynauld,4 Neeraj Narula5 1Sandoz Group AG, Holzkirchen, Germany; 2Sandoz Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA; 3Sandoz Canada Inc., Boucherville, QC, Canada; 4Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Montreal Institute of Rheumatology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; 5Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaCorrespondence: Neeraj Narula, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada, Tel +1 905 521 2100, Email neeraj.narula@medportal.caPurpose: Medication delivery device design impacts treatment satisfaction, adherence, and compliance in patients receiving biologics. This survey assessed autoinjector attributes that are important to patients, and assessed patient perceptions and preferences between an adalimumab biosimilar autoinjector (Hyrimoz® SensoReady® Pen [SDZ-ADL pen]) and the reference adalimumab autoinjector (Humira® Pen [ref-ADL pen]) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or Crohn’s disease (CD) in Canada.Patients and Methods: In this survey, adult patients were recruited for web-assisted telephone interviews. Patients had ≥ 3 months’ experience with the ref-ADL pen and 1– 12 months’ experience with the SDZ-ADL pen.Results: The survey included 120 patients with RA (n = 32) or CD (n = 88). Mean experience with the ref-ADL pen was 7 years for RA or 5 years for CD vs 9 months with the SDZ-ADL pen. The most important autoinjector attributes were the ability to use the pen independently and the ease and simplicity of self-injection. When comparing the two autoinjectors, patients significantly preferred the SDZ-ADL pen over the ref-ADL pen for nearly every attribute evaluated, with the greatest differences reported for visual and audible feedback mechanisms, ease of self-injection, and ability to use the device independently. Overall, 82% of patients preferred the SDZ-ADL pen over the ref-ADL pen, with buttonless activation and less injection pain being the main drivers for this preference.Conclusion: Patients with RA or CD indicated a preference for the SDZ-ADL pen over the ref-ADL pen, independent of the duration of use of the pen. The preference for a biosimilar device within 1 year of switching provides reassurance of rapid patient acceptance of biosimilars and may simplify the switching process. These results confirm the importance of ensuring autoinjector design supports independent self-administration of medication and align with previous data showing high patient satisfaction with the SDZ-ADL pen.Keywords: adalimumab, adherence, autoinjector, biosimilar, patient preference

Introduction The WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist (WHO SCC) was developed to accelerate adoption of essential practices that prevent maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality during childbirth. This study aims to summarise the current landscape of organisations and facilities that have implemented the WHO SCC and compare the published strategies used to implement the WHO SCC implementation in both successful and unsuccessful efforts.Methods and analysis This scoping review protocol follows the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data will be collected and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews report. The search strategy will include publications from the databases Scopus, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science, in addition to a search in grey literature in The National Library of Australia’s Trobe, DART-Europe E-Theses Portal, Electronic Theses Online Service, Theses Canada, Google Scholar and Theses and dissertations from Latin America. Data extraction will include data on general information, study characteristics, organisations involved, sociodemographic context, implementation strategies, indicators of implementation process, frameworks used to design or evaluate the strategy, implementation outcomes and final considerations. Critical analysis of implementation strategies and outcomes will be performed with researchers with experience implementing the WHO SCC.Ethics and dissemination The study does not require an ethical review due to its design as a scoping review of the literature. The results will be submitted for publication to a scientific journal and all relevant data from this study will be made available in Dataverse.Trial registration number https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/RWY27.

To date, the history of colonialism has permeated nearly every aspect of our conceptions, structures, and practices of global health; yet, there are no published medical school curricula aimed at promoting decoloniality in global health. We developed a pilot course for medical students to examine the history of colonialism, power, and positionality; promote self-reflection; and teach strategies for dismantling coloniality in global health. This five-part course was offered to students completing a scholarly project in global health with a mixed in-person/virtual format and online pre-session preparation materials. A pre-course survey on prior experiences in global health and self-efficacy was administered, and a reflection piece was analyzed for themes. After completion of the course, the students again completed the self-efficacy questionnaire, a course feedback survey and a semi-structured interview that was analyzed for themes. On average, the students felt that the course was relevant to their global health scholarly project and that the course met their learning objectives. There was a trend toward increased self-efficacy in decoloniality knowledge and skills following the course. In the post-course structured interviews, students raised issues reflected in the course materials including local project leadership; how identity, privilege and positionality influence relationships and the ability to attain mutual trust; project sustainability; and power dynamics. Undergraduate medical education in global health equity and decoloniality can play an important role in teaching future generations to dismantle the colonialism ingrained in global health and reimagine a global health practice based on equitable partnerships, community needs, and local leadership.

IntroductionReproductive injustices such as forced sterilization, preventable maternal morbidity and mortality, restricted access to family planning services, and policy-driven environmental violence undermine reproductive autonomy and health outcomes, with disproportionate impact on historically marginalized communities. However, curricula focused on reproductive justice (RJ) are lacking in medical education.MethodsWe designed a novel, interactive, case-based RJ curriculum for postclerkship medical students. This curriculum was created using published guidelines on best practices for incorporating RJ in medical education. The session included a prerecorded video on the history of RJ, an article, and four interactive cases. Students engaged in a 2-hour small-group session, discussing key learning points of each case. We evaluated the curriculum's impact with a pre- and postsurvey and focus group.ResultsSixty-eight students participated in this RJ curriculum in October 2020 and March 2021. Forty-one percent of them completed the presurvey, and 46% completed the postsurvey. Twenty-two percent completed both surveys. Ninety percent of respondents agreed that RJ was relevant to their future practice, and 87% agreed that participating in this session would impact their clinical practice. Most respondents (81%) agreed that more RJ content is needed. Focus group participants appreciated the case-based, interactive format and the intersectionality within the cases.DiscussionThis interactive curriculum is an innovative and effective way to teach medical students about RJ and its relevance to clinical practice. Walking alongside patients as they accessed reproductive health care in a case-based curriculum improved students' comfort and self-reported knowledge on several RJ topics.

The most studied cavefish in the world is Astyanax mexicanus, and the most frequently used specimens in research come from the Pachón cave in Northeast Mexico. A recent study using the capture–mark–recapture technique revealed that the Pachón population size is only in the hundreds of individuals, not in the thousands. This result raises serious concerns about their long-term survival and highlights the need to accurately estimate the population size of other Astyanax caves. In our study, we used a well-established, non-invasive method for estimating population size: the transect sampling method, which counts the abundance of organisms along a line at regular intervals. We used the 310 m long Sabinos Cave’s Pool #1 for measurements and estimated a population of 1142 individuals. Most importantly, we found that cavefish are not distributed uniformly: 68% of the individuals were clustered under a bat roost. To corroborate this observation, we used drones to explore submerged galleries inaccessible to scientists. Results from the Toro/Calera Cave system confirmed that most galleries were essentially void of cavefish, except for in those few areas with high amounts of nutrients. Scientists visiting the most studied Astyanax localities (Pachón, Sabinos, Tinaja, and Chica) experience what appear to be high-density populations of about 10 fish/m2, possibly because the pool they visit happens to be under bat roosts. Our study shows that one cannot extrapolate the density at these localities to the rest of the habitat, where densities might be two orders of magnitude lower. Future studies should consider that the apparent high density at visited sites is overrepresenting the total population size when calculating the number of fish specimens to be captured.

Abstract Background Long-read sequencing platforms offered by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) allow native DNA containing epigenetic modifications to be directly sequenced, but can be limited by lower per-base accuracies. A key step post-sequencing is basecalling, the process of converting raw electrical signals produced by the sequencing device into nucleotide sequences. This is challenging as current basecallers are primarily based on mixtures of model species for training. Here we utilise both ONT PromethION and higher accuracy PacBio Sequel II HiFi sequencing on two plants, Phebalium stellatum and Xanthorrhoea johnsonii, to train species-specific basecaller models with the aim of improving per-base accuracy. We investigate sequencing accuracies achieved by ONT basecallers and assess accuracy gains by training single-species and species-specific basecaller models. We also evaluate accuracy gains from ONT’s improved flowcells (R10.4, FLO-PRO112) and sequencing kits (SQK-LSK112). For the truth dataset for both model training and accuracy assessment, we developed highly accurate, contiguous diploid reference genomes with PacBio Sequel II HiFi reads. Results Basecalling with ONT Guppy 5 and 6 super-accurate gave almost identical results, attaining read accuracies of 91.96% and 94.15%. Guppy’s plant-specific model gave highly mixed results, attaining read accuracies of 91.47% and 96.18%. Species-specific basecalling models improved read accuracy, attaining 93.24% and 95.16% read accuracies. R10.4 sequencing kits also improve sequencing accuracy, attaining read accuracies of 95.46% (super-accurate) and 96.87% (species-specific). Conclusions The use of a single mixed-species basecaller model, such as ONT Guppy super-accurate, may be reducing the accuracy of nanopore sequencing, due to conflicting genome biology within the training dataset and study species. Training of single-species and genome-specific basecaller models improves read accuracy. Studies that aim to do large-scale long-read genotyping would primarily benefit from training their own basecalling models. Such studies could use sequencing accuracy gains and improving bioinformatics tools to improve study outcomes.

Inflammatory processes are increased by stress and contribute to the pathology of mood disorders. Stress is thought to primarily induce inflammation through peripheral and central noradrenergic neurotransmission. In healthy individuals, these pro-inflammatory effects are countered by glucocorticoid signaling, which is also activated by stress. In chronically stressed individuals, the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids are impaired, allowing pro-inflammatory effects to go unchecked. Mechanisms underlying this glucocorticoid resistance are well understood, but the precise circuits and molecular mechanisms by which stress increases inflammation are not as well known. In this narrative review, we summarize the mechanisms by which chronic stress increases inflammation and contributes to the onset and development of stress-related mood disorders. We focus on the neural substrates and molecular mechanisms, especially those regulated by noradrenergic signaling, that increase inflammatory processes in stressed individuals. We also discuss key knowledge gaps in our understanding of the communication between nervous and immune systems during stress and considerations for future therapeutic strategies. Here we highlight the mechanisms by which noradrenergic signaling contributes to inflammatory processes during stress and how this inflammation can contribute to the pathology of stress-related mood disorders. Understanding the mechanisms underlying crosstalk between the nervous and immune systems may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for mood disorders and/or provide important considerations for treating immune-related diseases in individuals suffering from stress-related disorders.

This is the third out of five chapters of the final report [1] of theWorkshop on Physics at HL-LHC, and perspectives on HE-LHC [2]. It is devoted tothe study of the potential, in the search for Beyond the Standard Model (BSM)physics, of the High Luminosity (HL) phase of the LHC, defined as$3~\mathrm{ab}^{-1}$ of data taken at a centre-of-mass energy of$14~\mathrm{TeV}$, and of a possible future upgrade, the High Energy (HE) LHC,defined as $15~\mathrm{ab}^{-1}$ of data at a centre-of-mass energy of$27~\mathrm{TeV}$. We consider a large variety of new physics models, both in asimplified model fashion and in a more model-dependent one. A long list ofcontributions from the theory and experimental (ATLAS, CMS, LHCb) communitieshave been collected and merged together to give a complete, wide, andconsistent view of future prospects for BSM physics at the consideredcolliders. On top of the usual standard candles, such as supersymmetricsimplified models and resonances, considered for the evaluation of futurecollider potentials, this report contains results on dark matter and darksectors, long lived particles, leptoquarks, sterile neutrinos, axion-likeparticles, heavy scalars, vector-like quarks, and more. Particular attention isplaced, especially in the study of the HL-LHC prospects, to the detectorupgrades, the assessment of the future systematic uncertainties, and newexperimental techniques. The general conclusion is that the HL-LHC, on top ofallowing to extend the present LHC mass and coupling reach by $20-50\%$ on mostnew physics scenarios, will also be able to constrain, and potentiallydiscover, new physics that is presently unconstrained. Moreover, compared tothe HL-LHC, the reach in most observables will generally more than double atthe HE-LHC, which may represent a good candidate future facility for a finaltest of TeV-scale new physics.

Introduction In the US, there are striking inequities in maternal health outcomes between racial and ethnic groups. Community-based organizations (CBOs) provide social support services that are critical in addressing the needs of clients of color during and after pregnancy. Methods We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional mixed methods study of CBOs in Greater Boston that provide social support services to pregnant and postpartum clients. In May-August 2020, we administered an online survey about organizational characteristics, client population, and services offered. In July-August 2020, we conducted semi-structured interviews focused on services provided, gaps in services, and the impact of structural racism on clients. We used descriptive statistics to characterize CBOs and services and used thematic analysis to extract themes from the qualitative data. Results A total of 21 unique CBOs participated with 17 CBOs completing the survey and 14 participating in interviews. CBOs served between 10 and 35,000 pregnant and postpartum clients per year (median = 200), and about half (n = 8) focused their programming on pregnant and postpartum clients. The most significant gaps in social support services were housing and childcare. Respondents identified racism and lack of coordination among organizations as the two primary barriers to accessing social support. Discussion CBOs face multiple challenges to providing social support to pregnant and postpartum clients of color, and significant gaps exist in the types of services currently provided. Improved coordination among CBOs and advocacy efforts to develop community-informed solutions are needed to reduce barriers to social support., Author(s): Rebecca West [sup.1] [sup.2] , Amanda DiMeo [sup.2] , Ana Langer [sup.3] , Neel Shah [sup.2] [sup.4] , Rose L. Molina [sup.2] [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.189504.1, 0000 0004 [...]

ObjectivesThe #MeToo social media campaign raised awareness about sexual harassment. The purpose of the current study was to address three unexplored research questions. First, what factors influenced whether a person posted #MeToo? Second, how did posting (or not) influence participants' wellbeing? Finally, what motivated participants' posting (or not) #MeToo?MethodThis mixed-methods study explores how #MeToo was experienced by full-time employees (N = 395) who could have posted #MeToo (i.e., experienced a sexual harassment event), whether or not they did so. Participants completed surveys in July of 2018 assessing social media use, sexual harassment history, relational variables such as relative power and social support, and job and life satisfaction. Participants also responded to open-ended survey questions about the context of and decisions about #MeToo posting.ResultsQuantitative results indicated that sexual harassment history was the most powerful predictor of #MeToo posting, while power and interpersonal contact also contributed. Qualitative analyses (N = 74) using a grounded theory approach indicated themes associated with decisions to disclose, including feeling a responsibility to post, need for support, and affective benefits. Decisions not to disclose were event-related negative affect, posting-related negative affect, timing of the event, fit with the #MeToo movement, privacy concerns, and fear of consequences.ConclusionThis study contributes to the literature on sexual harassment disclosure by focusing on informal means of disclosure and drawing on comparisons to formal reporting and implications for workplaces. Online sexual harassment disclosure, in many ways, reflects the impediments to formal reporting procedures. Given the increased use of social media for purposes of disclosure, these findings suggests that organizations should recognize the legitimacy of sexual harassment reports made online and consider the possible failings of their formal reporting systems as reasons for online disclosure.