1. Comparative genomic analysis of six Glossina genomes, vectors of African trypanosomes
- Author
-
Attardo, Geoffrey M, Abd-Alla, Adly MM, Acosta-Serrano, Alvaro, Allen, James E, Bateta, Rosemary, Benoit, Joshua B, Bourtzis, Kostas, Caers, Jelle, Caljon, Guy, Christensen, Mikkel B, Farrow, David W, Friedrich, Markus, Hua-Van, Aurélie, Jennings, Emily C, Larkin, Denis M, Lawson, Daniel, Lehane, Michael J, Lenis, Vasileios P, Lowy-Gallego, Ernesto, Macharia, Rosaline W, Malacrida, Anna R, Marco, Heather G, Masiga, Daniel, Maslen, Gareth L, Matetovici, Irina, Meisel, Richard P, Meki, Irene, Michalkova, Veronika, Miller, Wolfgang J, Minx, Patrick, Mireji, Paul O, Ometto, Lino, Parker, Andrew G, Rio, Rita, Rose, Clair, Rosendale, Andrew J, Rota-Stabelli, Omar, Savini, Grazia, Schoofs, Liliane, Scolari, Francesca, Swain, Martin T, Takáč, Peter, Tomlinson, Chad, Tsiamis, George, Van Den Abbeele, Jan, Vigneron, Aurelien, Wang, Jingwen, Warren, Wesley C, Waterhouse, Robert M, Weirauch, Matthew T, Weiss, Brian L, Wilson, Richard K, Zhao, Xin, and Aksoy, Serap
- Subjects
Biological Sciences ,Genetics ,Vector-Borne Diseases ,Biotechnology ,Infectious Diseases ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Animals ,DNA Transposable Elements ,Drosophila melanogaster ,Female ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Genes ,Insect ,Genes ,X-Linked ,Genome ,Insect ,Genomics ,Geography ,Insect Proteins ,Insect Vectors ,Male ,Mutagenesis ,Insertional ,Phylogeny ,Repetitive Sequences ,Nucleic Acid ,Sequence Homology ,Amino Acid ,Synteny ,Trypanosoma ,Tsetse Flies ,Wolbachia ,Tsetse ,Trypanosomiasis ,Hematophagy ,Lactation ,Disease ,Neglected ,Symbiosis ,Environmental Sciences ,Information and Computing Sciences ,Bioinformatics - Abstract
BackgroundTsetse flies (Glossina sp.) are the vectors of human and animal trypanosomiasis throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Tsetse flies are distinguished from other Diptera by unique adaptations, including lactation and the birthing of live young (obligate viviparity), a vertebrate blood-specific diet by both sexes, and obligate bacterial symbiosis. This work describes the comparative analysis of six Glossina genomes representing three sub-genera: Morsitans (G. morsitans morsitans, G. pallidipes, G. austeni), Palpalis (G. palpalis, G. fuscipes), and Fusca (G. brevipalpis) which represent different habitats, host preferences, and vectorial capacity.ResultsGenomic analyses validate established evolutionary relationships and sub-genera. Syntenic analysis of Glossina relative to Drosophila melanogaster shows reduced structural conservation across the sex-linked X chromosome. Sex-linked scaffolds show increased rates of female-specific gene expression and lower evolutionary rates relative to autosome associated genes. Tsetse-specific genes are enriched in protease, odorant-binding, and helicase activities. Lactation-associated genes are conserved across all Glossina species while male seminal proteins are rapidly evolving. Olfactory and gustatory genes are reduced across the genus relative to other insects. Vision-associated Rhodopsin genes show conservation of motion detection/tracking functions and variance in the Rhodopsin detecting colors in the blue wavelength ranges.ConclusionsExpanded genomic discoveries reveal the genetics underlying Glossina biology and provide a rich body of knowledge for basic science and disease control. They also provide insight into the evolutionary biology underlying novel adaptations and are relevant to applied aspects of vector control such as trap design and discovery of novel pest and disease control strategies.
- Published
- 2019