Search

This study describes the effectiveness of credit risk management at Bank Muamalat. The research was conducted at Bank Muamalat Manado. Researchers used qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach. The primary data was collected using semi-structured interviews with Bank Muamalat Manado, and then a three-stage analysis was carried out, data reduction, presentation, and decision-making. Researchers found effectiveness in controlling credit risk at Bank Muamalat. This can be proven by the significant decrease in 2018-2019, namely from 226 to 117 total customers with problems. In addition, researchers also found that in 2020-2021, 198 to 184 total customers with problems. There are two ways of controlling credit risk applied by Bank Mualamat. First, the selection of four criteria, namely personality, psychology, capacity, capital, collateral, and situation. Second, so there are no troubled customers, the bank takes four stages: voluntary payments, AYDA, WO, and collateral auctions. Both of these methods are very important to reduce the occurrence of non-tearing financing. However, credit risk at Bank Muamalat can arise if the evaluation of potential clients and financing strategies from financial institutions are not strict.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa wawasan pedagang Makassar di pasar 45 Manado tentang perilaku bisnis pedagang di pasar 45 dan etika bisnis Islam dengan metode kualitatif. Etika adalah salah satu tindakan yang penting dalam diri maupun dalam berdagang atau berbisnis jika di terapkan dan dipahami dengan baik dan benar. Etika bisnis Islam sebenarnya telah di ajarkan oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW pada manusia saat sedang berdagang. Itulah mengapa etika itu penting dalam bisnis dan dalam hal keseharian. Sifat Nabi yang memiliki karakter dalam berdagang memiliki sifat shidiq, amanah, fathanah, tabligh dan istiqomah. Islam tidak melarang untuk mencari keuntungan sebanyak-banyaknya dengan cara yang halal, dalam Al-Qur’an telah diperingati tentang mencari keuntungan yang baik dan jauh dari riba. Para pedagang Makassar di pasar 45 secara tidak langsung telah menerapkan etika bisnis Islam.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh kualitas pelayanan karyawan terhadap kepuasan nasabah di unit Pegadaian Syariah (UPS) Shopping Center Manado. Metode yang digunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif, dimana data yang dikumpulkan adalah respon nasabah (95 responden) Unit Pegadaian Syariah (UPS) Shopping Center Manado dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan melalui Observasi dan Kuesioner. Teknik Analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linear sederhana dan data penelitian ini diolah menggunakan SPSS versi 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan Pegadaian Syariah berpengaruh dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan nasabah dibuktikan dengan uji korelasi product moment yang memperoleh hasil 0,702 >0. Maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Berdasarkan hasil uji koefisien determinasi diketahui nilai R2 (R Square) 0,493 atau sekitar 49,3%. Hal ini berarti bahwa pengaruh variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen adalah sebesar 49,3%. Sedangkan, sisanya 51,7% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini. Sehingga Variabel Independen (Kualitas Pelayanan) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Variabel Dependen (Kepuasan Nasabah).

Artikel ini berdasarkan pengabdian kepada masyarakat program Litabdimas 2021 di Desa Gangga II selama 5 bulan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan pengembangan pemberdayaan usaha ekonomi yang produktif untuk masyarakat miskin dengan menggunakan metode ABCD. Artikel ini disusun dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Data didapatkan melalui wawancara dan FGD kepada masyarakat dengan latar belakang PKK, Nelayan, Majelis Ta’lim, BumDes dan Remaja Masjid dan kemudian dianalisis dengan pemikiran induktif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pemetaan aset ekonomi produktif dengan metode pengembangan masyarakat Asset Based bahwa program yang dilaksanakan adalah pendampingan start-up untuk membantu kelompok dan individu di masyarakat desa Gangga Dua, dan proses pendampingan. diberikan kepada peserta yang terlibat dalam kewirausahaan, Proses terbimbing dalam manajemen pemasaran, teknologi produksi dan praktik kewirausahaan langsung. Perlu mendorong masyarakat Desa Gangga Dua untuk berpartisipasi dalam pelaksanaan rencana tersebut. Hal ini akan memungkinkan masyarakat dalam kelompok dan individu berfungsi dan dapat merasakan manfaat positif dari program yang dilaksanakan. Pemerintah desa perlu bekerjasama secara komprehensif dengan berbagai instansi atau lembaga untuk mendukung proyek-proyek yang belum terealisasi di bidang pendidikan, sosial keagamaan dan teknologi tepat guna untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat Desa Gangga II.

Pernikahan memiliki tujuan untuk mencapai sebuah kebahagian internal dan memiliki dampak terhadap lingkungan eksternal. Perubahan undang-undang perkawinan yang merevisi pasal 7 ayat 1 yaitu ketentuan batasan usia untuk menikah menjadi minimal 19 tahun adalah salah satu upaya untuk mencegah banyaknya kejadian perkawinan di bawah umur. Hal tersebut diupayakan agar tujuan pernikahan tercapai sebagaimana mestinya, melalui salah satu faktor penting yaitu kematangan usia. Dalam proses implementasinya di ranah masyarakat Sulawesi Utara Khususnya Kota Manado sering terjadi ketidak sesuaian antara das sein dan das sollen. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memahami serta menelaah bagaimana proses implementasi perubahan undang-undang perkawinan di Kota Manado, dan untuk menemukan perbedaan jumlah perkawinan di bawah umur sebelum dan sesudah adanya perubahan undang-undang perkawinan melalui lembaga-lembaga yang bersinggungan langsung dengan masyarakat terkait dengan proses perkawinan. Seperti Bimas Islam Kemenag Kota Manado, Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) Pengadilan Agama selaku pihak yang berwenang untuk memberikan dispensasi nikah, serta agen-agen pendukung yang menolak terjadinya pernikahan di bawah umur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (Field Research)) dengan metode kualitatif secara deskriptif menggunakan pendekatan sosiologis yuridis, dan pendekatan syar’i. Data utama yaitu data primer melalui wawancara dan observasi di lapangan, selain itu juga menggunakan data sekunder dengan melakukan teknik dokumentasi kemudian melakukan analisis. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan proses implementasi perubahan undang-undang nomor 16 tahun 2019 tentang perkawinan di Kota Manado melalui program-program kerja yang di canangkan oleh Kemenag, KUA dan Pengadilan Agama serta BKKBN sebagai agen pendukung, namun program-program yang dilaksnakan belum lah maksimal dikarenakan beberapa kendala tertentu salah satunya adalah anggaran. Dalam proses implementasi undang-undang ini pun ditemukan bahwa undang-undang perkawinan yang baru berhasil menurunkan angka pernikahan di bawah umur yang ada di Kota Manado secara administratif dan belum bisa maksimal menurunkan angka pernikahan di bawah umur secara menyeluruh.

The phenomenon of divorce in early marriage often occurs in the Manado Religious Court, where there are 5 cases of divorce lawsuits at an early age. This study aims to show the factors that cause divorce in early marriage in the eyes of the judges of the Manado Religious Court. This research method is qualitative which focuses on field research. Data obtained at the Manado Religious Court in the form of reasons for divorce due to early marriage, both from the results of the decision and interviews with the judges of the Manado Religious Court. The results found are that divorce in early marriage at the Manado Religious Court is caused by several factors, namely bickering, irresponsibility, bad habits and a third person. Through the judge's consideration, that of all the factors that emerged led to quarrels, continuous quarrels and ended in divorce. So the judge judged that if you were to marry, it would be better to mature yourself as well as possible so that when problems occur in the household, they can be resolved properly without taking the divorce route.

This study aims to explore the law enforcement of age of marriage in Bugis community, Islamic law and national law, and pemmali culture as one of the most crucial reasons for marriage dispensation. This study method used a sociological juridical research with normative and formal juridical approaches, socio-anthropological and case studies. Data analysis techniques used positivist theory of legal system, law enforcement, and sociology of legal system. The results showed that the enforcement of age of marriage in Bugis community does not have an age standard determination unless the daughter is menstruating, the application of pemmali culture causes daughter to become victims of underage marriages, they are blind to knowledge of age of marriage in Law Number 16 of 2019. The application of marriage age for children are still debated by the majority of fiqh scholars as long as girls have not menstruated, they do not question child marriage if it is menstruating, but Indonesian national law there is no way to legalize child marriage before getting a marriage dispensation. Pemmali culture can be determined as one of the reasons for the sharp increase in marriage dispensations in Religious Courts due to the mindset of parents in Bugis community when their daughters are underage and are proposed three times by men. A mayor implication of these findings is to reduce the amount of marriage dispensation recommended the next research on the effectiveness of socialization of Law Number 16 of 2019.

This research aims to show the results of the issuance of Law No. 16 of 2019 and the increasing application for marriage dispensation at the Kotamobagu PA. Underage marriage is a common thing in society. Many things are a factor in underage marriage, one of which is pregnancy outside of marriage and is considered to approve the proposed marriage dispensation. This research is field research located in PA Kotamobagu. The results obtained are that although the issuance of Law Number 16 of 2019, cases of underage marriages are even increasing. This case is evidenced in PA Kotamobagu. In 2020 the application for marriage dispensation was higher than the previous year. One of the reasons for submitting a marriage dispensation made by the community is a pregnant woman out of wedlock, so the judge must approve the proposed marriage dispensation. In other words, this law has no impact on suppressing the number of underage marriages, and the increased age limit has increased the dispensation for marriage.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi akad murabahah pada pembiayaan pensiun di Bank Syariah Mandiri KCP Manado Kairagi sudah sesuai dengan fatwa MUI atau belum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, yang mana peneliti akan menguraikan atau menggambarkan mengenai implementasi akad murabahah pada pembiayaan pensiun di bank Syariah mandiri KCP Manado Kairagi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, implementasi akad murabahah pada pembiayaan pensiun di bank Syariah mandiri KCP Manado Kairagi telah mengatur syarat dan ketentuan yang dibutuhkan ketika akan mengajukan pembiayaan pensiun pada PT Bank Syariah mandiri KCP Manado Kairagi. Dalam pembiayaan pensiun ini harus terbebas dari riba, gharar, maisyir dan juga harus halal.

The Omnibus Law for Job Creation establishes a special agency called the land bank agency that manages state land, including planning, acquisition, procurement, management, utilization, and distribution of land. This article revisits on how urgent this land bank is and how its supervisory powers and mechanisms are implemented. This article demonstrates that the formation of the land bank is actually related to problems in land acquisition, especially those intended for infrastructure development, which has triggered land liberalization and caused the increase of land price. Therefore, the land bank is urgent to ensure the availability of land for various development purposes in the future, budget efficiency, as well as to avoid conflicts in the land acquisition process and reduce the side effects of land liberalization. In order to encourage the land bank play its role and function as intended in its formation, good and efficient supervision is also needed. So far, it has been stated in the Omnibus Law for Job Creation that internal supervision is carried out by the supervisory board. Taking into account the relationship of the land bank and the supervisory board with other agencies or institutions that carry out the functions of land and bank as well as their supervision, like the one by the National Land Agency and the Financial Service Authority, it is necessary to have clarity on each role and function to avoid overlap. Abstrak UU Cipta Kerja membentuk badan khusus yang mengelola tanah, yaitu badan bank tanah, yang berfungsi melaksanakan perencanaan, perolehan, pengadaan, pengelolaan, pemanfaatan, dan pendistribusian tanah. Dalam artikel ini dibahas apa sebetulnya urgensi bank tanah ini dan bagaimana pula kewenangan dan mekanisme pengawasannya. Artikel ini memperlihatkan pembentukan bank tanah sebetulnya terkait dengan permasalahan dalam pengadaan tanah terutama yang diperuntukkan bagi pembangunan infrastruktur, sehingga memicu terjadinya liberalisasi tanah dan mengakibatkan harga tanah melambung tinggi. Karena itu, bank tanah urgen dalam rangka menjamin ketersediaan tanah untuk berbagai keperluan pembangunan di masa yang akan datang, efisiensi anggaran, serta mengurangi konflik dalam proses pembebasan tanah dan dampak buruk liberalisasi tanah. Dalam rangka mendorong agar bank tanah berperan dan berfungsi sebagaimana dikehendaki dalam pembentukannya, maka diperlukan pengawasan yang baik dan efisien pula. Sejauh ini dalam UU Cipta disebutkan pengawasan dilakukan secara internal oleh dewan pengawas. Dengan mempertimbangkan adanya keterkaitan bank tanah dan dewan pengawas ini dengan badan atau lembaga lainnya yang menjalankan fungsi pertanahan dan bank serta pengawasannya juga, misal Badan Pertanahan Nasional dan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, maka adanya kejelasan terhadap masing-masing peran dan fungsi sangatlah diperlukan, agar tidak malah terjadi tumpang tindih.

This paper was to identify the truth and position of waqf that occurred in Bongkudai Village, East Bolaang Mongondow District, Indonesia and to determine ways to resolve the problems that happened in the village. There are problems regarding waqf land which is used for personal interests and the issue of land payment receipts intended for waqf makes the writer have the intention to prepare this study. The method used by the author in the completion of this study was a qualitative method whose approach is a descriptive approach, by prioritizing interviews and field facts as the main source, for data collection conducted by the author was observation, interviews, and documentation to get concrete data and facts that occur in the field. The results obtained are that land which is known as waqf land has been partly used for personal use. Besides, there is a problem with the receipt in question. The land that is known as waqf land should never be used for individual interests. A receipt is actually not an urgent matter in a problem, as long as the disputing party has no evidence to oppose it. Therefore it must be a land payment receipt intended for waqf to directly record the endowment so that problems do not occur in the future.

The determination of the age limit for marriage in the Marriage Law is controversial in Indonesian society. This paper aims to analyze the response of public acceptance of the new regulation on the age limit for marriage according to marriage law in Indonesia. The method used is a qualitative method with a grounded theory approach. The data were got through observation, interviews with informants, and documentation, which were analyzed through three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results showed three forms of public acceptance of the new regulation on marriage’s age limit: dominant hegemony, negotiation, and oppositional reception. The diversity of public acceptance of the age limit for marriage according to the law is influenced by differences in the level of public education, community culture, and public understanding of the validity of the marriage. Developing a more intensive study by comparing various perspectives is necessary. Involvement of the public, government, and judicial institutions representing each region in Indonesia, including the islands of Java, Sulawesi, and Kalimantan, is very much needed in disseminating marriage law in Indonesia.

This article investigates the relevance of values of Bugis culture dan Muslim Scholars' views in Bugis Quranic exegesis by MUI of South Sulawesi. This research uses a content analysis approach to the Bugis Quranic exegesis. Bugis Muslims scholars' views about women's rights (opportunity) to be public leaders, iddah, and inheritance distribution are relevant to core values of Bugis culture and local wisdom of Bugis people. To be public leaders, women never mind as long as they fulfill qualitative and functional criteria. In household affairs, a married couple is a partnership where both have responded to do together. 'Iddah stress to religious principle and culture of siri' (self-respect), paccing (purity), asitinajang (fairness). Inheritance distribution does relate to the right and responsibility to realize equality and justice. Muslim scholars' of Bugis have the expertise to deliver values of Bugis culture, and explanatory is not only explicitly, but also implicitly and inherently. The Quran and local wisdom are two values integrated into giving solutions to people. Therefore, the integration between local wisdom relevant to the teachings of Islam (the Koran) undertaken by the ulama will undoubtedly be more effective.

The penetration of Islamic insurance in Indonesia is not directly proportional to the number of Muslim population in Indonesia. This article aims to look at the causes of the low penetration of Islamic insurance in Indonesia. Literature study is the method used in this article by conducting content analysis, the data used in the form of writing, graphics, pictures and figures sourced from the OJK and the ASEAN Economic survey. The result of this research is the lack of innovation in Islamic insurance which caused the low penetration of Islamic insurance. Islamic insurance penetration can increase with innovation. Social insurance is a manifestation of the mandate of 1945 Constitution of Indonesia Republic which obliges to provide basic protection for all Indonesian people. With the large number of Muslim population in Indonesia, the opportunities for Sharia social insurance innovation can be taken into consideration. Sharia social insurance can be a solution to increasing the penetration of Sharia social insurance in Indonesia. In terms of regulation, the growth of Sharia social insurance can develop. This article has major implications for practitioners, policy makers and regulators.

This study explains that Paradigms are a concept of thought that is acquired in certain problems or cases so that the delivery can be understood and understood, the problem being examined is the main factor of divorce what happened to the community, not through the judiciary and the role of Islamic religious instructors in responding to the new marriage process in the community of the Buku Raya village in the Belang District that did not have proof of divorce. The researcher approached qualitative research (case study) in order to obtain data in the field validly and aimed to describe and analyze critically what happened in the field so as to produce data that the role of Islamic religious instructors in providing understanding to society must be truly understood by the community itself so that they are not easy to make decisions, and religious educators are also present from people who have good religious understanding. This research is expected to be able to provide advice and thoughts to the Community and the Government specifically the Ministry of Religion in selecting and sorting extension workers in the religious affairs office.

This study discusses the procedure of divorce settlement through mediation in the Manado Religious Court. These study aims are to know the Procedure of Mediation in the Manado Religious Court and to analyze the Effectiveness of Mediation in the Manado Religious Court. This study was juridical empirical research or sociological legal research. It was qualitative research with the type of descriptive research by using the inductive method of thinking and analyze descriptively. This study used the legislative approach, case approach, sociological approach, and conceptual approach. The results show that determination by Mediator in the Manado Religious Court shall not only be determined by the judges but given the opportunity to the parties to make a selection. Mediation of the marital case in Manado Religious Court has not run effectively. This can be perceptible that the mediation outcomes have decreased every year. In 2015, there were 106 cases which are 6 cases that were successfully mediated. In 2016, there were 94 cases that only 3 cases were successfully mediated. Last in 2017, there were 76 cases, which is only 1 case that was successfully mediated.

This article presents data on the religious attitudes of Muslim minority communities. Similar themes have been studied considerably, but most of them are researched in the Muslim majority areas. Therefore, the author tries to delve into the same topic, but it investigates a different locus, namely how the religious views and attitudes of Muslim minority youth in Manado. The findings reveal that the attitudes and behavior of Muslim youth in Manado towards diversity tend to be conservative with scriptural and puritanical features. However, their basic attitude is highly open towards moderate values and principles, with a decent respect for individual freedom and human rights, even though norms and culture constrain them, this shows a paradox. On the one hand, they show a tolerant attitude, but on other certain aspects or problems, their attitude tends to be intolerant. In its context, the attitudes and religiosity of these Muslim youths have sparked social change in the City of Manado.

Nowadays not all entrepreneurs implement the concept of normative economy in conducting their business activity, particularly Muslim entrepreneurs which it relates to Islamic Economic Principle. The purpose of this article is to analyze the implementation of normative economy on business activity in the period of Rasulullah SAW. This article uses qualitative methods with the analysis of literacy study approach. The result of this paper shows that Prophet Muhammad SAW has carried out business activities based on normative economic concepts that emphasize ethics in conducting business. As the Prophet said; I have been sent to perfect the moral standard, narrated by Abu Hurairah. The conclusion of this article is that ethics is a principal aspect in business since according to Islam those economic activities cannot be separated from ethics. Thus, it is essential for Muslim entrepreneur to implement ethics on their business activity.

Relaas call is one of the most important instruments in court proceedings. Without a call, the presence of the parties in the Court has no legal basis. Relaas Summons in the Civil Procedure Code is categorized as authentic deeds. Relaas did not convey to the parties in the litigation. The Respondent did not know about the trial schedule and the claim him, which resulted in the Respondent or Defendant losing the right to answer or defend himself against the plaintiffs' demands or the applicants. This study examines the Relaas summons' effectiveness through the Kelurahan in divorce cases at the Bitung Religious Court. Through field research with a qualitative descriptive approach using data mining techniques, observation, interviews, and documentation. The results prove that the Relaas concept in Islamic Law is contained in KHI Article 131, Articles 138 s.d. Article 140. Likewise, the Relaas image in positive Law is included in the Herzien Indlandsch Reglement or abbreviated as HIR and Rechtsreglement Voor de Buitengewesten, which are Civil Procedural Laws for areas outside Java and Madura. or abbreviated as RBg. The implementation of Relaas summons through the kelurahan was not effective in four cases, namely Case Number 55 / Pdt.G / 2018 / PA Bitg, Case Number 91 / Pdt.G / 2019 / PA Bitg, Case Number 0061 / Pdt.G / 2017 / PA Bitg and Case Number 0150 / Pdt.G / 2017 / PA. However, official and proper elements have subsequently been fulfilled.

Poverty is highly associated with many negative measurable aspects of life. Therefore, it is often regarded as a sign of failure. One of the arguments that prove this premise is that poverty is closer to disbelief. By rejecting doubt to preserve religion, a group that adheres to its logical religion will avoid poverty. Poverty in Kelantan shows the opposite. In a state of extreme religious adherence in terms of understanding, beliefs, and practices, more than half of the poor in Kelantan are hardcore poor. At the same time, the hardcore poor and the poor in Kelantan have the highest number in Peninsular Malaysia. This paper aims to study the relationship between poverty and religiosity in Kelantan . About 3,000 poor in ten provinces in Kelantan selected as respondents through stratified sampling. This study has demonstrated the true definition of poverty which includes the element of soul. It is clearly different from current definitions that focus more on property ownership.

Artikel tentang urgensi hukum kepatuhan syariah dalam perbankan syariah di Indonesia merupakan telaah terhadap sumber-sumber kepustakaan. Artikel ini membahasa tentang kepatuhan syariah sebagai sebuah conditiosine qua non untuk perbankan syariah. Juga tentang kerangka hukum kepatuhan syariah dalam perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Kerangka kerja dari kepatuhan syariah dalam perbankan syariah di Indonesia di atas menunjukkan beberapa poin yang menarik. Regulasi terhadap kepatuhan syariah tampak dengan jelas memberikan penekanan setidaknya kepada tiga aspek: karakteristik tertentu dari bank syariah dan bisnis perbankan syariah sebagaimana dinyatakan dalam definisi, persyaratan untuk pendaftaran untuk sebuah ijin, dan prinsipprinsip operasional dari sebuah bank. Gubernur Bank Indonesia bertanggung jawab atas ijin pendirian bank. Hal ini berbeda dengan misalnya, Malaysia, dimana otoritas untuk menyetujui sebuah perijinan dari sebuah institusi bank berada dalam tangan Menteri Keuangan melalui rekomendasi dari Bank Sentral. Di samping itu, jelas juga bahwa pengajuan untuk sebuah izin harus menyertakan pernyataan terkait tujuan dari bank untuk melakukan bisnis perbankan yang sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah dalam Anggaran Dasar/Anggaran Rumah Tangga dari berdirinya sebuah bank. Kata kunci : urgensi hukum; kepatuhan syariah; perbankan syariah.Abstract. Article about the urgency of sharia law compliance on sharia banking in Indonesia a review against available sources of literature & nbsp ; This article supposed to be about sharia compliance as a conditiosine qua non into banking. And it is also about a legal framework to sharia compliance on sharia banking in Indonesia. The framework on which of submission sharia oon shariah banking in Indonesia above express its strongest a couple of point what was interesting about it. The regulation on sharia compliance was clearly visible emphassies at least to three aspects : Certain characteristics of sharia bank and banking business sharia as stated in definition, the requirements for registration for a permit, and the principles of operational from a bank. Bank Indonesia Governor in charge of approval the establishment of a bank. These aspects were in contrast as contrasted with eg Malaysia, where authority to passed a licensing of an institution banks are in hand finance minister through recommendations from central bank. On top of that, clear that fillinf for a permission to include statement related to the purpose of a bank to carry on the banking business in according with sharia principles in the articles of aassociation / household budget of the establishment of a bank. Key Words : Law Urgency, Sharia, Compliance ; Sharia Banking

Law No. 5 of 1999 concerning the prohibition of monopolistic practices and unfair business competition is established to prevent unfair business competition in Indonesia based on the centralization of economic power on individuals or certain groups either in the form of monopoly in spite of other forms of unfair business competition before the law is applied. Therefore, this research is brought out to declare the function and role of KPPU itself to combat various kinds of monopolistic practices and unfair business competition that is emerging in society.

This paper is a case study entitled “Fund Management System of mobile Infaq and alm boxesin Pasar 45Manado”. This research was conducted using observationsin the area of Pasar45 Manado.Data were collected through observations and interviewswith the carriers of infaq boxes, the dwellers in Pasar45Manado, and people in charge of the infaq boxes management, as well as documentation. The approach used is juridical and sociological. This research aims (1) to understand the fund management system of theinfaqand almboxesspread around Pasar45, and the management by which collectors collect all of theinfaqand almboxes. Once the collectors collected the donation, they gave them to the mosque’s management who would divide the fund into two parts:40 percent for the collectors and the restis allocated for the construction of mosques and others. This research also seeks (2) to describe how people view the fund management system ofinfaq and alms boxes collected around Pasar45Manado. This research shows that most people seem to disfavor these alms and infaq collection due to the unstructured fund management. We need to understand that the infaq and alms boxes run by collectors every Friday to ask for a donation is a noble deed when the funds is channeled and addressed to the appropriate places orpeople or those who are in need. This action would certainly benefit the Muslim community.The funds will help to reduce poverty in Manado as well as in other areas. Yet sometimes the fund would not be donated entirely to the mosque but it goes to two divisions as previously mentioned

Product practices in Islamic Financial Institutions (LKS) have so far attracted specialattention, especially on the application of the contract. The fundamental differencesbetween the LKS and the conventional financial institutions are contracts/agreementsbefore making financial transactions. Many conducted research on the application ofthe LKS contracts. Some contracts madeby LKS on its products so farhave notcomplied withthe sharia provisions. The basic rule refers to the fatwa (religiousadvisory opinions) of the National Sharia Board and the Council of IndonesianUlema (DSN-MUI). One of them is DSN-MUI fatwa No. 25 of 2002 concerning rahn . In addition to rahn , this fatwa also explains rules concerning the contract of ijara . Pawnshopsthat apply sharia principles in their products haveintroduced rahn products based on this the fatwa . Therefore, systematic research on the application ofthe ijara contract on rahn products is necessary. Keywords: ijara , rahn , DSN-MUI, sharia pawhshop.

The research on "PARADIGM AND REALITY OF LAW ENFORCEMENT IN INDONESIA" is a library research, which aims to investigate about the factors influencing failed law enforcement in Indonesia. The good law enforcement is one of the criterions success nation to increase the dignity specially in law. Law should protect all societies living anywhere. So, it can create stability and safety life of our societies. There are many functions of law. Law can make the good thing for all sectors, for example economic, politic, trade, etc. Paradigm and reality of law enforcement in Indonesia is not carried out well yet. It is caused by two factors. They are officers of law enforcement (judge, police, advocate, and public prosecutor). If they have the good morality and integrity, law enforcement can run well. The second is Indonesian legislative assembly as the makers of law. Although the makers of law are not socialization with societies directly, but the result of them can reach and cover all problems in Indonesian societies.

Perempuan di arena publik maupun domestik, secara umum mengalami subordinasi, marginalisasi, dan kliminasi dalam berbagai variasi. Hal ini an tara lain inflasi bahkan nilai-nilai sosial budaya yang menempatkan perempuan sebagai manusia kelas dua, yang menempatkan perempuan dalam status lebih rendah dibandingkan laki­laki. Dikotomi gender mengakibatkan posisi perempuan semakin terpinggirkan dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya. Rekonstruksi peran gender perempuan dan laki-laki merupakan hal penting yang perlu dilakukan dengan melibatkan partisipasi seluruh komponen masyarakat, laki-Iaki dan perempuan. Persoalan subordinasi marginalisasi dan perempuan adalah persoalan masyarakat, persoalan bersama laki-Iaki dan perempuan. Mendiamkan ketidakadilan struktural dan penindasan perempuan berarti melanggengkan dehumanisasi laki-laki maupun perempuan itu sendiri. Laki-laki mengalami dehumanisasi karena melanggengkan ketidakadilan dan penindasan perempuan, sementara perempuan mengalami dehumanisasi karena terus-rnenerus tertindas.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kedudukan alat bukti tulisan terhadap penyelesaian perkara di pengadilan agama Manado. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti mengunakan angket untuk menjaring datamengenai kedudukan alat bukti tulisan terhadap penyelesaian perkara di pengadilan agama Manado. Angket disebarkan kepada 13 orang responden ( hakim sekretaris dan panitera ) di pengadilan agama Manado. Jumlah populasi tersebut sekaligus menjadi sempel dalam penelitian ini. Jadi jumlah sempel sama dengan jumlah populasi. Data yang diperoleh dari lapangan akan dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif, dimana peneliti akan mendeskripsikan hasil data yang diperoleh yang selanjutnya disesuaikan dengan data pustaka kemudian penulis memberikan argumentasi hukum terhadapo hasil penelitian tersebut. Kedudukan alat bukti tulisan terhadap penyelesaian perkaradi pengadlan agama Manado sangan penting bagi para pihak dan majlis hakim.pada pasal 1866 KUH Perdata, urutan pertama alat bukti disebut bukti tulisan (schrifftelijke bewijs, written avidence). Alat bukti tulisan merupakan alat bukti yang penting dan paling utama disbanding alat bukti lainnya. Meskipun alat bukti tulisan merupakan alat bukti yang pertama dan utama akat tetapi majelis hakim yang memeriksa suatu perkara tidakbersifat kaku dan menilai kedudukan peran alat-alat bukti lainnya. Tidak selamanya sengketa perdata dapat dibuktikan dengan alat bukti tulisan atau akta. Dalam kenyataan bisa terjadi sama sekali penggugat tidak memiliki alat bukti tulisan untuk membuktikan dalil gugatan atau alt bukti tulisan yang ada tidak mencukupi batas minimal pembuktian karena alat bukti tulisan yang ada hanya berkualitas sebagai permulaan pembuktian. Oleh karena itu majelis hakim memberikan kesempatan kepada para pihak untuk mendatangkan alat bukti saksi,persangkaan, pengakuan dan sumpah untukmenggugat dalil-dalil gugatan di persidangan.

Sistem pemerintahan Indonesia didasarkan pada dua hal yaitu sistem pemerintahan sebelum amandemen dan sistem pemerintahan setelah amandemen Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Praktik sistem pemerintahan Indonesia mengalami beberapa variasi. Pada bulan Oktober 1945 sampai sebelum Dekrit Presiden 5 Juli 1959 telah berlaku Sistem Pemerintahan Parlementer. Dimana dapat difahami bahwa dalam konstitusi Negara kita tidak dikenal Sistem tersebut namun secara praktiknya menyimpang dari amanat konstitusi. Dalam tulisan ini penulis mengangkat permasalahan yaitu apakah sistem pemerintahan Indonesia dalam pelaksanaannya sudah sesuai dengan UUD 1945. Dalam menjawab permasalahan di atas penulis melakukan kajian pustaka/ teoritis dalam beberapa literatur, baik dalam bentuk kajian terhadap Undang- Undang Dasar 1945 sebelum dan sesudah amandemen, literatur yang terkait dan juga pada beberapa jurnal ilmiah. Kemudian dari kajian tersebut dianalisis secara yuridis normatif. Inkonsistensi penerapan Sistem Pemerintahan ini merupakan bentuk penyimpangan terhadap ketentuan UUD 1945. Keinkonsistensian penerapan Sistem Pemerintahan tersebut didasari atas konvensi ketatanegaraan dan hukum kebiasaan yang telah diterapkan sebelumnya. Disamping itu juga dapat dikatakan karena UUD 1945 sendiri memang dimaksudkan hanya sebagai revolutie –grondwet atau undang-undang dasar kilat (ucapan Bung Karno dalam sidang BPUPKI) yaitu undang-undang dasar yang hanya dimaksudkan sebagai naskah konstitusi untuk sementara waktu dalam rangka persiapan Indonesia menjadi Negara yang merdeka dan berdaulat. Setelah UUD 1945 mengalami empat kali perubahan yaitu dari tahun 1999, 2000, 2001 dan 2002 praktik Sistem Pemerintahan kita berlaku Sistem Pemerintahan Presidensial. Sistem ini menganut prinsip Separation of power (pemisahan kekuasaan) terhadap masing-masing lembaga Negara. Praktik sistem pemerintahan setelah amandemen ini belum sepenuhnya menganut sistem pemerintahan Presidensial murni dimana antara Presiden dan DPR masih memiliki hubungan yang sangat erat disamping sebagai fungsi pengawasan. Kata kunci : Sistem, Pemerintahan, Amandemen

Perjanjian memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam hubungan keperdataan. Sebab dengan adanya perjanjian tersebut akan menjadi jaminan hukum para pihak dan menjadi bukti bahwa telah benar-benar diadakan perjanjian. Sehingga jika di kemudian hari terdapat perselisihan akibat hubungan hokum tersebut maka maka para pihak kembali melihat perjanjian yang telah disepakati.

Undang-undang perkawinan mengatur tentang perkawinan di bawah umur. Pengaturan perkawinan tersebut termasuk salah satu syarat yang harus dipenuhi oleh calon mempelai yang akan melangsungkan perkawinan. Penelitian ini bersifat yuridis empiris. Penelitian dilakukan di Kota Manado dengan responden hakim PN Manado, 5 hakim PA Manado, kepala seksi perkawinan dan perceraian dinas kependudukan dan catatan sipil Manado, kepala KUA kecamatan Singkil, kepala KUA kecamatan Tikala, kepala KUA kecamatan Wenang, kepala KUA kecamatan Tuminting dan kepala KUA kecamatan Paal Dua. Data diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara. Analisa data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Artikel ini menggambarkan tentang penyebab terjadinya perkawinan di bawah umur dan juga menemukan solusi dari perkawinan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa penyebab terjadinya perkawinan di bawah umur di Kota Manado adalah hamil. Hamil di luar nikah berdampak pada ketidakharmonisan kehidupan keluarga. Hamil disebabkan oleh pergaulan bebas muda-mudi yang tidak mengenal batas-batas aturan yang digariskan oleh ajaran agama. Bergaul dengan lawan jenis harus mendapat kontrol yang maksimal dari orang tua bahkan keluarga ataupun masyarakat. Untuk mengantisipasi terjadinya perkawinan di bawah umur yaitu pemerintah bersama tokoh agama dan organisasi kemasyarakatan perlu melakukan sosialisasi UU Perkawinan kepada masyarakat. Disamping itu kerjasama dengan dinas kesehatan memberikan penyuluhan kesehatan mengenai dampak yang ditimbulkan akibat perkawinan di bawah umur.Kata kunci : perkawinan, anak, dewasa, di bawah umur.

This paper raises the issue of the conflict that occurred between religious people in ex-kampong Texas. The conflict was marked by an action promoted by the Tolerance Care Community Alliance (Makapetor) Tou Minahasa. The method used in this research is qualitative method using multicultural approach. This study focuses on the attitude of tolerance among religious people, in this case, that are Muslims and Christians. From some informant's statement, the writer can draw the conclusion that the tolerance among religious people in Manado City is still available, although it can not be denied that there are still suspicions between each party that there are people who benefit from this conflict and also critic the government of Manado City.