Search

Members of the genus Rosa L. have become well domesticated on the Jos Plateau due to its near temperate climate; yet, they have remained underexploited. It is necessary to document the existing varieties and types, as well as record differences in their external morphology for easy identification and proper utilization. Based on information provided at the office of the Plateau Horticultural Society as well as by prominent rosarians, gardens and nurseries were located and visited for consultation and data collection. Photographs of flowers and leaves were taken for comparison with those in rose monographs, catalogues and encyclopaedias so as to facilitate their recognition. Twenty-nine (29) rose varieties were encountered, including one (1) species-like rose, six (6) miniatures, six (6) old garden roses, nine (9) hybrid teas and seven (7) floribundas. Out of these, there were two (2) climbers, one (1) rambler, seven (7) small shrubs/miniatures and eighteen (18) shrubs. The key characters which differentiated the varieties were habit, length of flowering stem, number, size, presence or absence of prickles or thorns and their shapes, number of leaflets, number of flowers per stem, number of petals per flower, size of flower as well as presence or absence of hips. The high number of hybrids and the occurrence of representatives of all the classes of roses in the study area is an indication that the rose cut-flower industry may flourish on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria, if properly harnessed.

Flower scent is an important trait of ornamental roses and has been an important character in the selection processes. In the present study, the composition of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by both petals and pollen of 21 garden roses (Chinensis, Climber, English rose, Floribunda, Hybrid Tea, Multiflora, Damascena, Musk rose, Polyantha, Rugosa and Shrub) was investigated through the GC-MS Static Headspace method. A total of 19 different VOCs were detected, and for each identified compound, an odorant description was included. In petals, the most common VOCs were 2-phenylethanol, methyl eugenol, and hexanal, present in 95%, 86% and 86% of garden roses, respectively. While, in pollen were methyl eugenol, methyl-1-butanol, and hexanal (present in 100%, 95%, and 90% of the genotypes, respectively), even if in lower content. The comparison between the petals and pollen profile shown that, even with less quantity, the main compounds characterizing the scent of the studied roses are present both in the petals and in the pollen (19 and 17 compounds, respectively), with different magnitude. Overall, the content of VOCs emitted by petals was more than five times higher than that produced by pollen. Different and characteristic VOCs profiles were emitted by petals and pollen of the studied garden roses.

Horticulture is a discipline mainly concerned with the cultivation of plant material for food supply, medicinal use, or functional and aesthetic purposes by humans, they are a genetically diverse group and play an important role in the economy of modern society, as well as at the center of the healthy diet of the urban population. In this respect, Rosa L. are important plants for traditional pharmacological practices and landscape studies. In this context, within the scope of the research, some morphological, pomological, physiological, and mineral contents of important taxa such as Rosa alba L.‘Semiplena’, R. banksiae R.Br. cv ‘Alba’, R. canina L.’Yildiz’, R. centifolia L., R. chinensis Jacq. ‘Old Blush’, R. foetida Herrm., R. heckeliana Tratt. subsp. vanheurckiana (Boiss. Ö. Nilsson), R. hemispharica J.Herrm., R. x odorata (hort ex. Andrews) Sweet ‘Louis XVI’, R. pisiformis (Christ) Sosn., R. x damascena Mill., and R. x damascena Herrm. ‘Semperflorens’(Loisel. & Michel) Rowley for landscape design and horticulture were determined. Within the scope of the research, the morphological, physiological, and pomological characteristics and nutrient contents of taxa adapted to semi-arid conditions and different Rosa taxa spreading in Anatolia were determined. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were also used to determine the similarities and differences of these parameters measured in different Rosa L. taxa.

This article presents research on the inclusion of the biotechnological link in rose breeding. Roses are heterozygous plants and give splitting when propagated by seed. Therefore, clonal micropropagation has been included in the research to reproduce and preserve valuable genotypes and new starting material. The aim of this study was to select the type of auxin and its optimal concentrations for better Rhizogenesis of micro-sprouts of selected rose cultivars, and to select the suitable substrate for more effective adaptation of regenerant plants. For the introduction of explants into culture, cultivation and preparation of nutrient media, the traditional methods adopted in tissue culture work were applied. For rooting of well-formed micro-sprouts, liquid nutrient medium with a halved content of macro- and microsalts and sucrose was used. In addition, different concentrations of 3-indolyl butyric acid and β-indolyl-3-acetic acid were added to the medium.Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended to use indolyl butyric acid at concentrations of 0.5 mg/l and 1.0 mg/l for clonal micropropagation of roses, since at these concentrations, the rooting frequency indices by varieties were the highest. When adapting the plant material, it is better to use a substrate consisting of peat, soddy soil and perlite in a ratio of 1:1:1. The best results in the studies were noted in the varieties Alan Titchmarsh, Coral Surprise and Tchaikovski.

В ходе исследования на научной основе были изучены ареалы распространения, статус, биологические особенности, размножение, причины изменения природных ресурсов, применяемые меры по сохранению видов, принадлежащих к роду Rosa L. в Азербайджане. В исследовании использовались исследования многих ботаников и личные исследования. В научно-исследовательской работе проведены многочисленные экспедиции и мониторинги, в природных и культурных условиях республики обнаружено 64 вида рода Rosa L. Наблюдения показали, что ареал большинства видов рода Rosa L. сократился, а некоторые находятся под угрозой исчезновения. В исследовании проанализированы причины сокращения ареалов 33 видов из 64 видов рода Rosa L., критерии риска этих растений по версии 3.1 МСОП., The study examined the distribution areas, status, biological characteristics, reproduction, causes of changes in natural resources, applied conservation measures of species belonging to the genus Rosa L. in Azerbaijan on scientific basis. The research has used the research work of many botanists and my personal research. Numerous expeditions and monitoring were carried out in the research work, 64 species of genus Rosa L. were found in the natural and cultural conditions in the republic. Observations have shown that the range of most species of the genus Rosa L. has been reduced, and some are endangered. The research analyzed the reasons for the reduction of the habitats of 33 species of 64 species of the genus Rosa L., the risk criteria of these plants according to version 3.1 of the IUCN.

Aim. In the conditions of development of rural green tourism, the settlements with the original architectural style of buildings close to the traditional one for a given territory are considered the most attractive. The purpose of the study was to define the assortment of roses for use in landscaping rural hospitable estates. Methods. The research had been conducted based on the field studies of the collection of the National dendrological park “Sofiyivka” of NAS of Ukraine using biometric, comparative morphological and statistical methods. Results. The rose had been used in gardens since the 18th century on the territory of Ukraine. Probably, they were cold-resistant hybrids and decorative forms of various species of wild rose. When selecting roses for estates stylized as traditional rural farms, criteria of hardiness, vigour of growth and ease of care had been used. It was found that Shrub roses (including English roses by David Austin selection, which are characterized by almost uninterrupted flowering inherent in modern roses, the shape of the flower and aroma of old roses) displayed sufficient hardiness in the natural and climatic conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe Zone of Ukraine. They were able to restore their crowns after wintering every year. The article presented an assortment of roses that had been tested in the NDP “Sofiyivka” and could be recommended for use in decorating traditional rural estates. Guidance for agrotechnical measures had been developed. Those measures, contributing to the processes of growth, development and ensuring high flowering performance, met the requirements of environmentally friendly land use. Conclusions. The rose had been the element of rural estates gardening in Ukraine since the 18th century. The collection funds of the NDP “Sofiyivka” contain a wide range of both species and modern roses. They can be used for improvement and landscaping of objects that are created in the style of a traditional rural estate, and also meet modern requirements.

Rosa L. has long attracted the attention of researchers due to their great economic, social and multifunc-tional value and various areas of use in ornamental horticulture, industrial floriculture, essential oil produc-tion, vitamin industry. Numerous varieties and hybrids of species of the genus Rosa are presented in the condi-tions in the conditions of the botanical garden «Podillya» of VNAU. Today, species of the genus Rosa are the most popular representatives, characterized by high durability and reliability. As a perennial, roses produce annual stem growth during spring and summer, dying in the fall and remaining dormant during the winter. Growing varieties and hybrids of species of the genus Rosa will significantly enrich the ornamental flora on the basis of the botanical garden «Podillya» and the park area of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University.

The review of references on the distribution of species and varieties of roses of the genus Rosa L. in the world is given, its morphological structure is shown. The selective breeding results of work with roses are analyzed. The main methods and directions in the selection of this culture are given. The review of the references indicates that the morphological characteristics of roses (number of petals, the flower shape and color, the habit of plants etc.), as well as the duration of flowering, have significantly changed due to a long culture and selection. Much attention was paid to the study of the characteristics of the male gametophyte (pollen) and the embryological study of roses. The increase in the requirements for the modern assortment of roses requires the extensive involvement of highly efficient selection methods in breeding practice, based on studies of the hereditary apparatus of plants. The main role of hereditary information carriers belongs to chromosomes, the study of the characteristics of their structure and functioning largely reveals also the patterns of inheritance of the characteristics and properties of plants. Further breeding work with roses should be subordinated to the modern strategy and adaptive selection – the creation of varieties resistant to adverse growing conditions, pests and diseases, that is, much attention should be paid not only to the morphological features, but also to the biological characteristics. Therefore, we have planned the creation of the source material and, on its basis, carrying out hybridization between different breeding groups in order to obtain varieties with the characteristics desired for the breeder, high adaptive ability and decorativeness.

One of the important directions of research works in the field of an introduction of plants is creation, studying, enrichment and preservation of a gene pool of a floral kingdom. Species and cultivars of the genus Rosa long since draw attention of researchers thanks to their wide use in decorative gardening and industrial floriculture. Results on an introduction of representatives of the genus Rosa in Ukraine are presented in article. The collection of roses of the Kremenetsky botanical garden on 2017 totals 28 grades entering into 5 garden groups (tea hybrid, tiny, park, long-stemmed, floribunda). Introduction of studying it was carried out taking into account ecological and biological and decorative features of roses. On abiotic ecological factors of a cultivars of roses belong to facultative geliofita, mesokserophita, mesophites. According to distribution of cultivar behind garden groups more cultivars of the roses relating to the tea hybrid are represented in a collection - 10 species (35,7 %) of all collection, the smallest group park – 1 (3,5 %). Grouping kinds after the terms of beginning and end of vegetation and flowering, it is marked by us, that after beginning of vegetation the sorts of roses belong to the group early spring – 100 %, duration of vegetation: to the group of long-hauling – 100 %, sometimes flowering is prevailed by a group late afternoon – 43 %, duration of flowering middleweight – 96,5 %. Grouping the types of roses it is possible to create the garden of their continuous flowering in a period from May for August month. Entered first-ever into the phase of dying off on October, 20 – 'Veilchenblau', 'Ledy gay', 'Sophia of loren', later in all on November, 7 – 'Wartburg', 'Landora' and other.The phenological observations made by us during the period from 2012 to 2016 behind 28 species which grow on a collection site of a botanical garden, allowed to establish that the vast majority of the species represented in a collection blossom and fructify annually.

As a result of the study of the efficacy of using biopharmaceuticals against black maculation of leaves Roses found that effectiveness of investigated of biological products during the growing season of the genus Rosa L. is 56.4±16.3% in the range from 21.1 to 72.3%. Thus, the highest values of protective action against black maculation of leaves roses had: Tryhopsyn (Pseudomonas and Trichoderma 6×109 CFU/cm3) – 72.8%, Tryhodermin BT (a.s. Trichoderma viride, titer of 2×109 CFU/cm3)+Planryz BT (a.s. Ps. fluorescens 5×109 CFU/cm3) (1:1) and Tryhodermin BT (a.s. Trichoderma viride, titer of 2×109 CFU/cm3) + Haupsyn BT (a.s. Ps. aureofaciens 5×109 CFU/cm3) (1:1) to 72.3%, Planryz BT (a.s. Ps. fluorescens 5×109 CFU/cm3) – 65.3%. Biologicals is restrain the development of pathology caused by causative agent Diplocarpon rosae F.A. Wolf on a variety of different groups of the genus Rosa L., namely the indicator of damage index in the samples of the group of Hybrid tea roses Kardinal 85 Kordes, Germany (1985) was 18.2%, climbing New Dawn Somerset Rose Nursery, USA (1930) by 2.2%, floribunda Leonardo da Vinci Meilland (1993) by 6.2%, English Abraham Darby Austin, United Kingdom (1985) by 6.7% less than without processing.

За результатами фітосанітарного моніторингу агробіоценозів представників роду Rosa L. в умовах озеленення урбоекосистем Лісостепу України встановлено: поширення чорної плямистості листя становило 46,9±18,5 % за середньодобової температури повітря 19,4±3,9 ºС, кількості опадів – 15,8±19,4 мм, ВВП – 66±19 %, ГТК – 1,4±2,0. Поява перших ознак чорної плямистості листя троянд відбувалася за середньодобової температури 17,3±0,7 ºС; кількість опадів – 13,1±6,7 мм; ВВП – 58,2±1,8 %; ГТК – 1,15±0,6; масовий прояв – 21,25±4,5 ºС; опади – 35,4±24 мм; ВВП – 71±8 %; ГТК – 2,8±1,6. За показниками полігенної стійкості до D. rosae F.A. Wolf зразки колекції роду Rosa L. розподілено на імунні (R) – 22,1 %, практично стійкі (R+) – 47,1 %, середньостійкі (S/) – 29,4 %, дуже сприйнятливі (S+) – 1,4 %; за групами: чайно-гібридних троянд: (R) – 17,7 %, (R+) – 26,5 %, (S/) – 13,3 %; витких: (R) – 2,9 %, (R+) – 16,2 %, (S/) – 10,2 %, (S+) – 1,5 %; англійських: (R) – 1,5 %, (R+) – 2,9 %, (S/) – 2,9 %; флорибунда: (R+) – 1,5 %, (S/) – 2,9 %, до загальної кількості досліджуваних сортозразків. За результатами імунологічної оцінки виділено генотипи, які мають практичне значення для селекції як джерела полігенної стійкості і для агроекології як фактор добору високовірулентних патотипів гриба D. rosae F.A. Wolf із групи чайно-гібридної троянди – 28; витких троянд – 4; флорибунда – 2; англійські – 4 сортозразки. Ефективними біопрепаратами від чорної плямистості листя троянд є такі: Трихопсин – 72,8 %, Триходермін БТ+Планриз БТ (1:1) та Триходермін БТ+Гаупсин БТ (1:1) по 72,3 %, Планриз БТ – 65,3 %.

Работа посвящена усовершенствованию методики культивирования in vitro сортов роз из различных садовых групп. Показана возможность получения асептической культуры представителей рода Rosa L. при использовании гипохлорита натрия в концентрации 5% при экспозиции 7-9 мин. Подобран оптимальный минеральный состав питательной среды, установлено влияние углеводного состава питательных сред на рост и развитие регенерантов. У большинства исследуемых генотипов независимо от принадлежности к садовой группе наибольший коэффициент размножения был получен при культивировании на питательной среде MS, содержащей 6-BAP (0,5 мг/л). Для предотвращения фенольной экссудации в питательную среду добавляли аскорбиновую кислоту (100 мг/л). Замена в питательной среде сахарозы на глюкозу (3%) оказала положительное влияние на регенерацию микропобегов. Наиболее восприимчивым к источнику углевода сортом оказался канадский шраб Hope for Humanity. Выявлены особенности длительности субкультивирований на коэффициент размножения роз. Максимальный коэффициент размножения (9,5±0,3) и положительная динамика роста были характерны для сорта Hope for Humanity., The work is devoted to the improvement of in vitro cultivation technique of rose varieties from different garden groups. The optimal sterilization result was achieved with the use of sodium hypochlorite at a 5% concentration and exposure for 7-9 min. The optimal mineral composition of the nutrient medium was chosen, the carbohydrate composition eff ect of the nutrient medium on the growth and development of regenerants was established. In the majority of the studied genotypes, irrespective of their belonging to the garden group, the highest multiplication factor was obtained on MS medium containing 6-BAP (0,5 mg/l). Ascorbic acid (100 mg/l) was added to the nutrient medium to prevent phenolic exudation. Substitution of sucrose for glucose in the nutrient medium (3%) had a positive eff ect on the microshoots regeneration. The most susceptible to the carbohydrate source variety was the Canadian scrub Hope for Humanity. The features of the subcultures duration on the roses multiplication factor are revealed. Variety Hope for Humanity were characterized by the maximum multiplication factor (9,5 ± 0.3) and positive growth dynamics., Бюллетень Главного ботанического сада, Выпуск 3 2020

Objective – to explore the history of the introduction and selection of climbing roses of the genus Rosa L. in the world and Ukraine, find out the main periods in the history of cultivation of these plants and identify the most important introduction and selection centers. Material and methods. In the process of studying literary sources historical-scientific method was used. Problem-chronological method provided a sequence of presentation of the material. Results. In the history of the introduction of roses, one of the main factors was the attraction to the culture of wild agrestic rosehip species. This process lasted quite a long time (five centuries), but had very positive consequences for the future development of roses and climbing particulars. The most intense exchange of plants occurred in the period of the great geographical discoveries, starting from the XV century. Long before New Era, roses were cultivated in China and India, in countries of the Middle East and Asia Minor. From there, with the flourishing of trade in the ancient period they penetrated into ancient Greece, and in subsequent centuries into the countries of Western Europe. The introduction of Sino-Chinese plants into the botanical gardens of Europe began in the first half of the XVIII century and reached its peak in the 40s–60s of the XIX century. During the XVII—XIX centuries and at the beginning of the XX century, significant amount of wild rose was brought from Southeast Asia, but the most important ancestors of climbing roses that originate from Asia are: R. chinensis Jacq., R. lucieae Franch. & Rochebr. ex Crep., R. multiflora Thunb., R. moschata Herrm. Based on the analysis of the history of the selection of climbing roses in the world, three main periods can be distinguished: the last is the period of prehistory by 1875; the present – from 1875 to 1967, the modern – from 1967. Intensive selection work with roses in Europe began in the XVIII century. Wide-scale work was carried out in France, Germany, England, Ireland, the Netherlands, Denmark. The revolution in the formation of a new assortment of climbing roses produced R. multiflora and R. wichuriana Crep. Barbier (France) breeders in Jackson, Perkins and Brownelló in the USA achieved particularly significant results in the selection of Vihurayan roses in France. M.A. Gartvis, M.D. Kostetskiy, V.M. Klimenko, Z.K. Klimenko, K.I. Zykov made a significant contribution to the development of domestic breeding. As a result of the tremendous work done by the breeders, a worldwide assortment of climbing roses has been created, which now numbers thousands of varieties. Conclusions. The early periods of the introduction of climbing roses in the world (the initial and the period of intensive introduction) are analyzed. It was revealed that R. moschata has long been used in climbing gardens in the Middle East countries, and in the United States (since 1759) the East Asian species R. laevigata. During the period of active involvement of Sino-Chinese plants R. multiflora (1868) was introduced into Europe’s botanical gardens. According to results of studying the history of culture and the experience of introduction of climbing roses of the genus Rosa in Ukraine, the main introduction centers have been identified. The study of the history of the selection of climbing roses in the world and in Ukraine and the analysis of the stages of the selection process with climbing roses made it possible to identify outstanding breeders who have made significant contributions to the development of selection and the creation of varieties of climbing roses.

Наличие в плодах шиповника комплекса биологически активных веществ обусловливает антиоксидантное действие. Цель исследования – оценка антиоксидантной активности плодов сортового шиповника из коллекции ГБУ Самарской области «Научно-исследовательский институт садоводства и лекарственных растений «Жигулевские сады», выращенного в Самарском регионе в сезон 2016 г. Материал и методы. Определены антиоксидантная активность [антирадикальная активность, восстанавливающая сила по методу FRAP (железовосстанавливающая антиоксидантная сила), антиоксидантная активность в системе с линолевой кислотой], содержание фенольных веществ в пересчете на галловую кислоту и флавоноидов в пересчете на катехин. Помимо этого определены содержание витамина С, общее содержание органических кислот, редуцирующих сахаров, сухих растворимых веществ. Результаты и обсуждение. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о высокой антиоксидантной активности анализируемых образцов плодов шиповника. Так, максимальное содержание фенолов имеют сорта Самарский Юбилейный (966 мг галловой кислоты на 100 г исходного сырья), Самарский (922 мг/100 г), Десертный (858 мг/100 г), Крупноплодный ВНИВИ (723 мг/ 100 г). Высокое содержание флавоноидов определено у сорта Десертный (442 мг катехина/100 г исходного сырья) и вида Rosa spinosissima L. (418 мг/100 г). Присутствие антоцианов наблюдалось только у вида Rosa spinosissima L. (90,86 мг цианидин-3-гликозида/100 г сырья), что подтверждается его насыщенным фиолетовым цветом. Сорт Десертный показал наибольший показатель антирадикальной активности (IC50=2,7 мг/см3) и восстанавливающей силы (18,18 моль Fe2+/1 кг исходного сырья). Способность ингибировать окисление линолевой кислоты проявили все представленные образцы. Были определены содержание витамина С (лидер вид Rosa mollis Sm. – 67,3 мг%, сорта Самарский Юбилейный – 50,12 мг% и Крупноплодный ВНИВИ – 47,3 мг%), кислотность (лидер сорт Юбилейный – 1,39%), массовая доля редуцирующих сахаров (лидер сорт Самарский – 9,9%), содержание растворимых сухих веществ (лидер сорт Десертный – 22,2%). Заключение. Представленные сорта шиповника обладают высокой антиоксидантной активностью., The presence in the hips of a complex of biologically active substances causes an antioxidant effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant activity of varietal rosehip of the Scientific Research Institute «Zhigulevskiye Sady» collection, which was cultivated in Samara region in the season 2016. Material and methods. Antioxidant activity was analysed (antiradical activity, restoring force by FRAP method (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), antioxidant activity in the system of linoleic acid), the content of total phenols and total flavonoids was determined. Along with this, vitamin C content, the total content of organic acids, reducing sugars, soluble substances were determined. Results and discussion. The results of this research indicated high biological activity of the rosehip test samples. Thus, the maximum content of total phenols was found in the following varieties: Samarskiy Yubileyniy (966 mg of gallic acid/100g of feedstock), Samarskiy (922 mg/100g), Desertniy (858 mg/100 g), Krupnoplodniy VNIVI (723 mg/ 100 g). High content of total flavonoids was determined in Desertnyi variety (442 mg of catechin/100g of feedstock) and Rosa spinosissima L. variety (418 mg/100 g). Anthocyan presence was observed only in Rosa spinosissima L. (90.86 mg cyanidin3-glycoside/100g of feedstock), as evidenced by its deep purple color. Desertnyi variety showed the highest indicator of antiradical activity (IC50=2.7 mg/сm3) and restoring force (18.18 mol Fe2+/1 kg of feedstock). The ability to inhibit the oxidation of linoleic acid was demonstrated by all the given samples. For the rosehip the content of vitamin C (leading variety: Rosa mollis Sm. – 67.3 mg%, Krupnoplodniy VNIVI – 47.3 mg%), acidity (leading variety: Yubileyniy – 1.39%), mass fraction of reducing sugars (leading variety: Samarskiy – 9.9%), the content of soluble substances (leading variety: Desertniy – 22.2%) were determined. Conclusion. Hence, the given varieties of rosehip have a high antioxidant activity. According to this, it can be recommended for mass cultivation on the territory of Samara region.

GenusRosaL. is one of most critical taxa within European flora. Majority works is devoted to phylogeny, taxonomy and nomenclature of roses. Investigations of morphology and ecology of roses are still relatively few in number. The aim of this study was to evaluate seed mass and seed yield of six rose species (Rosa cinnamomea,R. spinosissima,R. rugosa,R. rubiginosa,R. glaucaandR. canina) from populations in Central Russia (Republic of Mordovia). As a result of the study, it was revealed thatRosa rugosahas maximal num-ber of seeds per rosehip among all investigated roses. Roses from sectionCaninaeare characterized by large number of achenes per rosehip too. In contrast, among all investigated species,Rosa cinnamomeahave most minimal seed yield. Origin ofRosa spinosissimapopulation in Ruzaevka district (Republic of Mordovia, Central Russia) was proposed as uncertain according to number of seeds per rosehip. At first time, the seed mass ofRosa cinnamomea,R. glaucaandR. rubiginosawas revealed.

The present study was conducted during the period 2008–2011 in a production nursery without irrigation and established on grey-brown podzolic soil classified as soil class II. The study investigated the effect of regular flower removal on the growth and quality of bushes of the following rose (Rosa L.) varieties: a multi-flowered variety ‘Arthur Bell’ and a large-flowered variety ‘Burgund’. In the case of the multi-flowered variety ‘Arthur Bell’, flower removal was found to have a significant effect on the number and total length of shoots growing from the bud union in bushes. On the other hand, this practice was not shown to have an effect on the growth and quality of bushes of the large-flowered variety ‘Burgund’. In the case of bushes of the studied varieties budded on Rosa multiflora Thunb. rootstock, the study showed significant differences in plant growth and branching between years. In 2009, after spring frosts that damaged young shoots and as an effect of a lower amount of rainfall by about 60 mm during the growing season, a much worse quality of rose bushes was obtained than in the other years.

Results of the conducted research have shown that morphological features of roses (quantity of petals, shape and colour of a flower, quantity of flowers per inflorescence, inflorescence form and plant’s mien) and flowering period have changed significantly because of long-term cultivation and breeding. Further rose breeding activity should be aimed at improving biological features: winter, drought, diseases and pest resistance. With this aim, it is necessary to expand the use of genetic resources provided by wild species, which are one of the most important components of biodiversity

При изучении содержания и динамики накопления аскорбиновой кислоты в плодах Rosa canina L . установлено, что Нахчыванская популяция характеризуется высоким содержанием аскорбиновой кислоты. Количество аскорбиновой кислоты зависит от видовой особенности, местопроизрастания, высоты местности, механического состава почвы, климатических условий вегетационного периода и возраста растений. Наибольшее количество аскорбиновой кислоты накапливается в плодах 4-5 летних стволиков в фазе технической зрелости.

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. Rosa, DNA, SSR, STMS, molecular markers, allelic phenotype, classifi cation ABSTRACT. Six polymorphic sequence-tagged microsatellite sites (STMSs) were used to characterize 65 accessions of old garden roses (OGRs (Rosa L. spp.)) from seven botanical sections and 13 horticultural groups. Aims of the study were to defi ne the genetic profi les of accessions and to provide information useful for the classifi cation and pedigree reconstruction of OGRs. In roses, a precise botanical classifi cation is diffi cult due to repeated hybridization carried out in breeding; OGRs are classifi ed in horticultural groups on the basis of their original parentage or of their morpho- logical traits. A total of 82 alleles were detected at six loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from six to 21, with an average of 13.7 alleles per locus. A dendrogram was constructed by cluster analysis, displaying the relative genetic similarities between speciesʼ accessions, hybrids, and cultivars. Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into seven major clusters that were substantially consistent with their classifi cation into botanical sections and horticultural groups. Several hypotheses of apportionment of accessions to horticultural groups were evaluated on the basis of the relative position in the dendrogram of the analyzed individuals. Results demonstrated that DNA analyses can contribute to drawing the botanic classifi cation of rose accessions, improving the genetic knowledge on the background of modern rose, and providing the basis for breeding programs.

We aim to study the variability within genus Rosa. To accomplish this we have analyzed a plant material collection (109 accessions) including all sections but one, as well as many intermediate forms and hybrids. We also aim to study the consistency of the groups considered within section Caninae (‘caninae’, ‘rubiginosa’ and ‘tomentosa’) as well as of the subgenus Hulthemia. A dendrogram was constructed based on RAPDs data. The variability found in the dendrogram was discussed according to sectional status and geographic origin. Our results indicate that there is no clear distinction between Caninae groups when many intermediate forms are considered. Besides, the subgenus Hulthemia seems to merit just a sectional status as proposed by other authors for other subgenus. The heterogeneity found in the dendrogram with respect to sectional status suggests the lack of clear reproductive barriers as is common with long lived woody perennial plants. Sect. Cassiorhodon may be considered as the Type of the genus since it shows the widest geographical distribution, the widest crossing ability within the Genus and it appears in most groups of the dendrogram suggesting to be the most representative Section.