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No quadro da governação e gestão das instituições públicas a governação das universidades públicas de ensino superior tem sido objeto de um amplo tratamento e análise científica, tendo em consideração a sua complexidade e as especificidades que apresenta. No entanto, o novo modelo fundacional de governação destas instituições, é de aparecimento mais recente e começa agora a merecer, no meio científico, o destaque que justifica. A governação das universidades tem diretamente a ver com a sua organização interna e o seu funcionamento, mas é fortemente condicionada e influenciada pelo papel do Estado e de estruturas supranacionais (hoje mais do que no passado e sobretudo no espaço europeu) através da definição, direta ou indireta, de políticas publicas para o ensino superior, nelas se incluindo o grau de autonomia institucional (desdobrada em diversas vertentes) ou ainda a tipologia de organização e funcionamento de todo o sistema de ensino superior ponderadas a sua missão global, os diversos objetivos que estão definidos para cada um dos subsistemas que integram a rede de instituições e a sua diferente titularidade (pública, privada, concordatária ou de outra natureza). Em todo este quadro caberá salientar a crescente importância de que se vai revestindo, especialmente no espaço europeu, a internacionalização das universidades e das demais instituições de ensino superior, reforçada pela aprovação do Processo de Bolonha e em resultado da sua implementação, de que caberá realçar a criação das Áreas Europeias de Ensino Superior e de Investigação e ainda o crescimento e reforço das redes internacionais de investigação e de cooperação interuniversitária. Havendo uma enorme quantidade de estudos sobre os modelos de governação das universidades públicas e sobre os seus diferentes resultados – que variam no tempo e no espaço – não é, no entanto, fácil encontrar estudos para o modelo fundacional, que surge como modalidade de universidades públicas como instituições juridicamente ‘independentes’, o qual, para além de ser inovador, está circunscrito a um número reduzido de países e mesmo nestes casos a apenas algumas instituições do universo institucional considerado. Por isso, não terá ainda merecido uma análise aprofundada da sua organização interna, do seu funcionamento e dos resultados desse funcionamento. Com este projeto procura contribuir-se para um melhor conhecimento da realidade do modelo fundacional nas universidades públicas portuguesas, mas procedendo, também, à análise dessa realidade noutros países europeus. Os objetivos gerais deste projeto são os de analisar o sentido da mudança produzida com a criação do novo modelo fundacional de governação das universidades públicas e os objetivos específicos, para além de identificar a natureza e objetivos do modelo fundacional, são: analisar o objetivo e a natureza das políticas públicas no domínio da governação do ensino superior até à publicação do RJIES; explicar as condições em que surge esse regime; identificar a natureza e objetivos do modelo fundacional criado e analisar a experiência europeia de universidades-fundação; examinar as suas características nos casos aplicados e verificar, através de análises comparadas (com os modelos europeus e com universidades públicas que não adotaram o regime fundacional), as suas vantagens e desvantagens. Procura-se investigar, através da realização de 24 entrevistas semi-estruturadas, as perceções de agentes responsáveis pela governação nas universidades públicas (no presente e no passado recente) e de atores políticos no setor do ensino superior, sobre a tendência para o crescente uso de práticas ‘managerialistas’ e de ‘boardismo’ e correspondente redução de modelos colegiais na governação das universidades públicas e em que medida esse novo modelo pode contribuir para melhorar a governação dessas instituições; e verificar o papel dos conselhos de curadores nas universidades-fundação. In the framework of governance and management of public institutions, the public university governance of higher education has been a target of an extensive treatment and scientific analysis, having into account its complexity and the specificities it presents. However, the new foundational model of governance of these institutions appeared recently and begins now to get the prominence it deserves in the scientific environment. Universities governance has to do with their internal organization and functioning, but it is strongly conditioned and influenced by the role of the State and supranational structures (today more than in the past and above all in Europe) through the definition, direct or indirectly, of public policies for higher education that include the degree of institutional autonomy (unfolded into different aspects) or the organization typology and functioning of the entire higher education system having into consideration its global mission, the different objectives defined for each one of the subsystems that make up the institutions network and their different ownership (public, private, concordat or of any other nature). In all this context, it’s worth highlighting the growing importance, particularly in Europe, concerning the internationalization of universities and other higher education institutions, reinforced by the Bologna Process approval and because of its implementation, with emphasis on the creation of European Areas of Higher Education and Research, as well as the growth and strengthening of international networks of research and inter-university cooperation. As we can find a huge amount of studies on models of governance of public universities and their different results – which are diversified on time and space – it is not easy to find studies related with the foundational model which appears not only as a modality of public universities as legal ‘independent’ institutions but also, beyond being innovative, limited to a small number of countries and even in these cases to a few institutions of this considered institutional universe. Therefore, it has not deserved an in-depth analysis of its internal organization, its operation, and results. This project tries to contribute to a better and real understanding of the foundational model in Portuguese public universities, also proceeding with the analysis of this reality in other European countries. The main objective of this project is to analyse the change produced with the creation of the new foundational model of governance on public universities and the specific goals, in addition to the identification of the nature and objectives of the foundational model are: to analyse the goal and nature of public policies in the field of higher education governance till the RJIES publication; to explain the conditions under which this system appears; identify the nature and objectives of the created foundational model and analyse the European experience of universities-foundation; examine the features in applied cases and check through comparative analysis (with European models and public universities that did not adopt the foundational regime) its advantages and disadvantages. Investigate, carrying out 24 semi-structured interviews, the perceptions of responsible actors and policymakers in higher education sector (present and recent past) on the trend towards the increasing use of ‘managerialists’ and ‘boardism’ practices and corresponding decrease of collegial models in the governance of public universities and to what extent this new model can contribute to improve the governance of these institutions; verify the role of the board of trustees in foundation universities. Programa Doutoral em Políticas Públicas

Background: Hemodialysis patients are not only prone to acquire COVID-19 infection but also more likely to suffer a higher rate of morbidity and mortality. This study aims to report the incidence and mortality rate of COVID-19 infection in our hemodialysis patients and to determine risk factors. Methods: This is an observational, retrospective study conducted in the dialysis unit of Dubai Hospital. Our target population was hemodialysis patients who tested positive for COVID infection (PCR assay of the nasopharyngeal swab) from 1st April 2020 to 31st August 2021. Our primary outcome was to study the mortality rate associated with COVID-19 infection in dialysis patients in Dubai hospital. Our secondary objectives were to study the incidence and determine risk factors for the severity of infection. Patient demographics and clinical features were collected from medical record software, i.e., EPIC. Univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate potential risk factors for mortality in our cohort. Results: 72 out of 250 (28.8%) hemodialysis patients acquired COVID infection during the study period, the median age was 54.32 (15-93) years, and 56.94% (n=41) were male. The most common comorbid was hypertension (59.72%), while the main symptom at presentation was shortness of breath (25%). One-third of patients required a different form of oxygen therapy, and 11.11% of patients were mechanically ventilated. The mortality rate was 16.6%. High median age, ischemic heart disease, low absolute lymphocyte count, and high levels of ferritin, LDH, and procalcitonin, as well as mechanical ventilation, were statistically significant risk factors associated with mortality. Conclusion: The overall outcome of COVID infection in our hemodialysis patients was better compared to the hemodialysis population from other parts of the world.