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Drought stress is a common environmental factor that constrains plants from expressing their ecophysiological potential, disrupting various physiological and biochemical processes. Hence, the objective of this work was to evaluate the growth, development and photosynthetic performance under drought in the vegetative phenological stage of soybean in two lineages with potential difference tolerance to this abiotic stress, lineages (‘Vx-08-10819’ and ‘Vx-08-11614’. For this purpose, biometric traits of development, relative water content in leaves, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange, and chlorophyll a fluorescence were evaluated. The experimental design was a randomized block design with 4 replications and arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme, comprising of two soybean lineages (Vx-08-10819 and Vx-08-11614) in combination with three water availability [100% (control), 60%, and 40% of field capacity]. Relative water content in leaves, total leaf area, and shoot dry weight of lineage Vx-08-10819 were not changed after exposure to drought. Besides that, photosynthetic capacity of lineage Vx-08-10819 was less affected than lineage Vx-08-11614 to drought, showing that this lineage is tolerant to this abiotic stress in at vegetative stage V4. Keywords: chlorophylls; gas exchange; Glycine max (L.) Merr; water relations. Crescimento, desenvolvimento e desempenho fotossintético de duas linhagens de soja em resposta à seca RESUMO: O estresse hídrico é um fator ambiental comum que impede as plantas de expressarem seu potencial ecofisiológico, interrompendo vários processos fisiológicos e bioquímicos. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento, o desenvolvimento e o desempenho fotossintético sob seca na fase fenológica vegetativa da soja em duas linhagens com potencial diferença na tolerância a este estresse abiótico, as linhagens Vx-08-10819 e Vx-08-11614. Para tanto, foram avaliadas características biométricas de desenvolvimento, teor relativo de água nas folhas, pigmentos fotossintéticos, trocas gasosas e fluorescência da clorofila a. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com 4 repetições e dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 × 3, composto por duas linhagens de soja (Vx-08-10819 e Vx-08-11614) em combinação com três disponibilidades hídricas [100% (controle), 60% e 40% da capacidade de campo]. O conteúdo relativo de água nas folhas, a área foliar total e o peso seco da parte aérea da linhagem Vx-08-10819 não foram alterados após a exposição à seca. Além disso, a capacidade fotossintética da linhagem Vx-08-10819 foi menos afetada do que a linhagem Vx-08-11614 à seca, mostrando que esta linhagem é tolerante à este estresse abiótico no estágio vegetativo V4. Palavras-chave: clorofilas; troca gasosa; Glycine max (L.) Merr; relações hídricas.

In the present study, we investigated the sites of aluminum (Al) accumulation and its effects on the growth, morphology and nutritional status in root tips of soybean (Glycine max L.) genotype Conquista. The seedlings were exposed to nutrient Clark solution, pH 4.0, with 0 (control) and 100 µM of Al for 24, 48 and 72 h. Our results showed an Al accumulation in the superficial layers of the root tip, such as the root cap cells, epidermis and cortex cells, and internally in the cell walls of the meristematic cells. The Al accumulation in the outer cells prevented the entry of this metal in the inner tissues. However, scanning electron micrographs showed damage in the external micromorphology of the root tips. This damage resulted in cellular disorganization in the root cap and epidermis cells leading to a reduction in Ca and Mg uptake. Despite that, there was no change in root growth. Taken together, our findings suggest that genotype Conquista has a capacity to avoid Al toxicity, probably by Al immobilization in the cell walls and in the external tissues of the root tip.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:48:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-03-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Changes in photosynthetic machinery can induce physiological and biochemical damage in plants. Low doses of glyphosate have been shown to exert a positive effect in mitigating the deleterious effects of water deficit in plants. Here, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of safflower plants (Carthamus tinctorius L.) were studied under conditions of water deficit mediated by the attenuating effect of low-dose glyphosate. The plants were divided into two groups of water regimes in soil, without water deficit (−10 kPa) and with water deficit (−70 kPa), and were exposed to different concentrations of glyphosate (0, 1.8, 3.6, 7.2, 18, 36, 72, 180, 360, and 720 g a.e. ha−1). Evident protective responses at the physiological and biochemical levels were obtained after applying low doses of glyphosate to plants under water deficit, with a limiting dose for the occurrence of hormesis (LDS) = 72 g a.e. ha−1. The water deficit in plants resulted in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation and consequently lipid peroxidation (LPO) associated with the accumulation of shikimic acid and glyphosate in plants, which triggered an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) that act by dismuting the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), maintaining, and/or increasing the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII), electron transport rate (ETR), photochemical extinction coefficient (qP), and non-photochemical extinction coefficient (NPQ). APX appears to be the main enzyme involved in eliminating H2O2. Low doses of glyphosate act as water deficit ameliorators, allowing the plant to maintain/increase metabolism at physiological and biochemical levels by activating antioxidant enzymes in the dismutation of ROS in safflower plants. São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agricultural Sciences Department of Crop Production Laboratory of Ecophysiology Applied to Agriculture (LECA) University of São Paulo (USP) College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ) Department of Exact Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agricultural Sciences Department of Crop Protection Center for Advanced Research on Weeds São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agricultural Sciences Department of Crop Production Laboratory of Ecophysiology Applied to Agriculture (LECA) São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agricultural Sciences Department of Crop Protection Center for Advanced Research on Weeds CNPq: 305952/2018-8 CNPq: 307208/2020-6

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:16:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-03-01 Plants exposed to suboptimal temperatures suffer damage to physiological processes, growth, development and yield. Acting as enhancers of physiological and metabolic performance of plants, biostimulants have been used to mitigate crop damage caused by abiotic stresses. This study aimed to determine which formulation and dosage of FH Attivus® biostimulant have the best effects on the development of bean plants exposed to suboptimal temperatures (

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:16:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) To meet the growing demand for soybean it is necessary to increase crop yield, even in low water availability conditions. To circumvent the negative effects of water deficit, application of biostimulants with anti-stress effect has been adopted, including products based on fulvic acids and Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) seaweed extracts. In this study, we determined which formulation and dosage of a biostimulant is more efficient in promoting the recovery of soybean plants after stress due to water deficit. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a double-factorial randomized block design with two additional factors, four repetitions and eleven treatments consisting of three biostimulant formulations (F1, F2 and F3), and three dosages (0.25; 0.50 and 1.0 kg ha−1); a control with water deficit and a control without water deficit. Soybean plants were kept at 50% of the pot's water capacity for three days, then rehydrated and submitted to the application of treatments with biostimulant. After two days of recovery, growth, physiological, biochemical and yield parameters were evaluated. All plants that received the application of the biostimulant produced more than the water-stressed control plants. The biostimulant provided higher photosynthetic rates, more efficient mechanisms for dissipating excess energy and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes. Plants treated with biostimulant were more efficient in the recovery of the metabolic activities after rewatering, resulting in increased soybean tolerance to water deficit and reduced yield losses. The best result obtained was through the application of formulation 2 of the biostimulant at a dosage of 0.25 kg ha−1. Laboratory of Ecophysiology Applied to Agriculture School of Agricultural Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Crop Production Federal Goianian Institute (IF Goiano), Campus Rio Verde Fertilizers Heringer Laboratory of Ecophysiology Applied to Agriculture School of Agricultural Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of drought stress in the reproductive stage (R3) on the physiological parameters and grain yield of two soybean (Glycine max) lines. The Vx-08-10819 and Vx-08-11614 soybean lines were grown in a greenhouse, where they were irrigated until they reached the R3 development stage. During three days, the weight of the pots was monitored daily in order to maintain 100, 60, and 40% field capacity (control and moderate and severe stress, respectively). The parameters gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence, as well as chloroplast pigments, osmoregulatory solutes and antioxidant enzymes, were determined. After stress, the plants were rehydrated until the end of the reproductive stage (R8), to evaluate grain yield. Vx-08-10819 showed traits that contributed to drought tolerance, such as better water-use efficiency, modulation of leaf area, and enzymatic activity, as well as a more efficient photosynthetic apparatus and a lower lipid peroxidation rate than Vx-08-11614. In addition, Vx-08-10819 maintained its productivity even after the severe water deficit. By contrast, water limitations affected negatively the productivity of Vx-08-11614. The Vx-08-10819 soybean line can efficiently withstand drought periods during the reproductive stage, without any interferences on final grain yield. Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do estresse hídrico no estádio reprodutivo (R3) sobre os parâmetros fisiológicos e o rendimento de grãos de duas linhagens de soja (Glycine max). As linhagens de soja Vx-08-10819 e Vx-08-11614 foram cultivadas em casa de vegetação, onde foram irrigadas até atingirem o estágio de desenvolvimento R3. Durante três dias, o peso dos vasos foi monitorado diariamente para manter 100, 60 e 40% da capacidade de campo (controle e estresses moderado e severo, respectivamente). Foram determinados os parâmetros trocas gasosas e fluorescência da clorofila a, além dos pigmentos cloroplastídicos, solutos osmorregulatórios e enzimas antioxidantes. Após o estresse, as plantas foram reidratadas até o final do estádio reprodutivo (R8) para avaliar o rendimento de grãos. Vx-08-10819 apresentou características que contribuíram para a tolerância à seca, como melhor eficiência no uso da água, modulação da área foliar e atividade enzimática, bem como aparato fotossintético mais eficiente e menor peroxidação lipídica que Vx-08-11614. Além disso, Vx-08-10819 manteve sua produtividade mesmo após deficiência hídrica severa. Em contraste, as limitações hídricas afetaram negativamente a produtividade de Vx-08-11614. A linhagem de soja Vx-08-10819 pode suportar eficientemente períodos de seca durante o estádio reprodutivo, sem que haja interferência no rendimento final de grãos.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar a(s) estratégia(s) de sobrevivência de plantas de Tectona grandis sob déficit hídrico para fomentar programas de melhoramento genético. O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação coberta com plástico transparente e laterais fechadas com sombrite 50%. As sementes de Tectona grandis foram semeadas em vasos de 12 litros contendo uma mistura de solo, areia e esterco na proporção de 3:1:0,5 respectivamente. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições. A partir do 101º dia após a germinação, as plantas foram submetidas a regimes hídricos diferenciais: plantas diariamente irrigadas com volume de água correspondente a 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% da evapotranspiração diária durante 20 dias e, em seguida, submetidas as análises. Em condição de déficit hídrico as plantas de Tectona grandis mantêm-se vivas com reduzido crescimento vegetativo, para tal, as plantas ajustam a área foliar e apresentam como estratégia de sobrevivência um eficiente mecanismo de fechamento estomático em função da elevada sensibilidade dos estômatos. O controle estomático da transpiração pode ser utilizado para pré-seleção de materiais promissores para programas de melhoramento genético.

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent diagnosis in surgical patients which has a detrimental effect on short-term and long-term outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and predictive factors of transient and persistent postoperative AKI in patients submitted to major abdominal surgery and to characterize the impact of AKI on in-hospital mortality. Methods: This study was a cross-examination of a retrospective analysis of clinical data of 450 patients who underwent major abdominal surgery from January 2010 to February 2011. Only AKI developing in the first 48 h after surgery was considered. AKI was diagnosed using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) classification based on both serum creatinine (SCr) and urine output criteria. Persistent and transient AKI were defined according to the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) workgroup definitions. Results: In our study, 22.4% of patients developed AKI in the first 48 h post-surgery (n = 101), and 48% of patients had persistent AKI (n = 49), defined as postoperative AKI, with a duration of more than 48 h. Older age (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.06 [1.00–1.11], p = 0.039), hypertension (adjusted OR 4.60 [1.17–18.11], p = 0.029), and higher preoperative SCr (adjusted OR 22.67 [4.00–128.46], p < 0.001) were independent predictors of persistent AKI. The overall in-hospital mortality was 6.4% (n = 29). Persistent AKI was associated with higher mortality than transient AKI (51.9 vs. 20.7%; unadjusted OR 13.03 [5.78–29.36], p < 0.001; adjusted OR 4.20 [1.02–17.27], p = 0.047). Conclusion: In this cohort of patients submitted to major abdominal surgery, persistent AKI was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in contrast to transient AKI.

Background and Aims: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG)-related fistulas are important and potentially fatal complications. We aimed at determining the incidence, predictive factors, and management of recurrence of post-LSG fistulas. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of 12 consecutive patients with LSG fistulas managed endoscopically between 2008 and 2013. We analyzed factors associated with recurrence of post-LSG fistulas and the efficacy of a primarily endoscopic approach to manage fistula recurrence. Results: The average age at fistula detection after LSG was 43.3 ± 10.9 years, and 10 (83%) patients were female. The median interval between surgery and initial fistula detection was 14 (4-145) days. Fistulas were located at the gastric cardia in 9/12 patients. A median of 4 (1-10) endoscopies were performed per patient until all fistulas were successfully closed. The median follow-up was 30.5 (15-72) months. Fistula recurrence was detected in 3 (25%) female patients with an average age of 31.7 ± 7.9 years after a median of 119 (50-205) days of the initial fistula closure. Fistulas in all 3 patients recurred at the gastric cardia and were successfully managed endoscopically. There was a second recurrence in 1 patient after 6 months, and she was re-operated with anastomosis of a jejunal loop at the site of the fistula orifice at the gastric cardia. We did not find any factors at initial fistula detection that were significantly associated with fistula recurrence. There were no deaths related to initial fistula after LSG and fistula recurrence. Conclusions: A primarily endoscopic approach is an effective and safe method for the management of fistulas after LSG. Fistula recurrence occurred in 25% of patients and was managed endoscopically. Key Messages: Although we could not define predictive factors of post-LSG fistula recurrence, it is a clinical reality and can be managed endoscopically. Objectivos: As fistulas pós-gastrectomia vertical (sleeve) laparoscópica (LSG) são complicações importantes e potencialmente fatais. O objectivo do estudo foi determinar a incidência, factores preditivos e manejo da recorrência de fistulas pós LSG. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 12 doentes com fistulas pós LSG manejados endoscopicamente entre 2008 e 2013. Analisámos factores associados à recorrência de fistulas pós LSG e a eficácia da abordagem endoscópica. Resultados: Idade média na detecção das fistulas pós LSG foi de 43.3 ± 10.9 anos e 10 (83%) doentes eram mulheres. O intervalo mediano entre a cirurgia e a detecção da fistula inicial foi de 14 (4-145) dias. As fistulas localizaram-se no cárdia em 9/12 doentes. Foram realizadas em mediana 4 (1-10) endoscopias por doente até ao encerramento eficaz das fistulas. O tempo mediano de seguimento foi de 30.5 (15-72) meses. A recorrência das fistulas foi detectada em 3 (25%) doentes, todas mulheres, com idade média de 31.7 ± 7.9 anos, após um tempo mediano de 119 (50-205) dias após encerramento da fistula inicial. As recorrências das fistulas nas três doentes ocorreram no cárdia e foram manejados endoscopicamente. Houve uma segunda recorrência de fistula numa doente após 6 meses que foi reoperada com anastomose de ansa jejunal no local do orifício de fistula no cárdia. Não conseguimos determinar factores na altura da detecção da fistula inicial pós LSG significativamente associados com recorrência de fistulas. Não houve mortalidade associada às fistulas pós LSG (inicial ou recorrência). Conclusões: A abordagem primariamente endoscópica das fistulas pós LSG é um método eficaz e seguro. A recorrência de fistulas ocorreu em 25% dos doentes. As recorrências de fistulas pós LSG são manejáveis endoscopicamente. Mensagens chave: Embora não tenhamos conseguido definir factores preditivos de recorrência de fistulas pós LSG, a recorrência de fistulas é uma realidade clínica e é manejável endoscopicamente.

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequent during hospitalization and may contribute to adverse consequences. We aimed to evaluate long-term adverse renal function and mortality after postoperative AKI in a cohort of patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of adult patients who underwent major non-vascular abdominal surgery between January 2010 and February 2011 at the Department of Surgery II of Hospital de Santa Maria–Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal. Exclusion criteria were as follows: chronic kidney disease on renal replacement therapy, undergoing renal replacement therapy the week before surgery, death before discharge and loss to follow-up through January 2014. Patients were categorized according to the development of postoperative AKI in the first 48 h after surgery using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes classification. AKI was defined by an increase in absolute serum creatinine (SCr) ≥0.3 mg/dL or by a percentage increase in SCr ≥50% and/or by a decrease in urine output to 6 h. Adverse renal outcomes (need for long-term dialysis and/or a 25% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate after hospital discharge) and mortality after discharge were evaluated. Cumulative mortality was analysed with the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test and outcome predictive factors with the Cox regression. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Results Of 390 selected patients, 72 (18.5%) developed postoperative AKI. The median follow-up was 38 months. Adverse renal outcomes and death after hospital discharge were more frequent among AKI patients (47.2 versus 22.0%, P < 0.0001; and 47.2 versus 20.5%, P < 0.0001, respectively). The 4 year cumulative probability of death was 44.4% for AKI patients, while it was 19.8% for patients with no AKI (log-rank test, P < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, AKI was a risk factor for adverse renal outcomes (adjusted hazard ratio 1.6, P = 0.046) and mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1.4, P = 0.043). Conclusions AKI after major abdominal surgery was independently associated with the risk of long-term need for dialysis and/or renal function decline and with the risk of death after hospital discharge.

Este artigo aborda o processo de reforma da contabilidade pública no Governo Central de Cabo Verde, nomeadamente abrangendo o período a partir de 2001 até à atualidade, analisando quais foram os fatores que impulsionaram a reforma. Este período foi particularmente importante, pois marcou a introdução, pela primeira vez, da contabilidade patrimonial em regime de acréscimo. Em concreto, pretende-se descrever os principais estímulos à reforma, discutindo de que forma a afetaram. O estudo, enquadrado teoricamente pelo modelo de contingência do Lüder (1994; 2002) e pela teoria institucional (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983), é de natureza qualitativa, tendo os dados sido recolhidos através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e de análises de diversos documentos e normativos legais. Tratando-se de um estudo inédito, traz importantes contribuições para compreender os processos de reforma da contabilidade pública em países em desenvolvimento, tendo uma contribuição particular para o contexto Cabo-verdiano, realidade ainda muito pouco analisada academicamente., This paper discusses the reform process of the accounting system in the Cape Verde Central Government since 2001, analysing the factors that motivate the reform. This period was particularly important, considering that it was when accrual-based accounting was firstly introduced in the public sector in the country. The specific goal of this research is to describe the main stimuli of this reform, and to explore their effects. The study is theoretically framed by the contingency model (Lüder 1994; 2002) and the institutional theory (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983); it is a qualitative-based research and the data was collected through semistructured interviews and analysis of several documents and of the legal framework. It is a pioneering investigation with important contributions to understand public sector accounting reform processes in developing countries, with particular focus on the Cape Verdean context, whose reality has not been much analysed academically.

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências da Administração, A presente tese versa o processo de reforma da contabilidade pública no Governo Central de Cabo Verde, abrangendo o período a partir de 2001 até à atualidade, analisando quais foram os fatores que impulsionaram a reforma. Este período foi particularmente importante, pois marcou a introdução, pela primeira vez, da contabilidade patrimonial em regime de acréscimo. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste principalmente em descrever a evolução e a situação atual do sistema contabilístico cabo-verdiano ao nível do governo central, discutindo como têm atuado os diversos fatores intervenientes no processo de reforma, como tal atuação tem conduzido à institucionalização do sistema atualmente em vigor e como poderá vir a determinar outras reformas futuras. O estudo, enquadrado teoricamente pelo modelo de contingência do Lüder (1994; 2002) e pela teoria institucional (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983), é de natureza qualitativa, tendo os dados sido recolhidos através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e de análises de diversos documentos e normativos legais. Para o tratamento das entrevistas utilizamos o software MAXQDA. Ademais, para analisar e estruturar os dados a partir das entrevistas, utilizamos o chamado “método Gioia”. No tratamento dos dados, realizamos uma análise de conteúdo qualitativo e quantitativo. Tratando-se de um estudo inédito, traz importantes contribuições para compreender os processos de reforma da contabilidade pública em países em desenvolvimento, tendo uma contribuição particular para o contexto cabo-verdiano, realidade ainda muito pouco analisada academicamente. O estudo permitiu concluir que houve diversos estímulos para a reforma, nomeadamente: mudança do regime político, doutrina contabilística dominante, pressões financeiras e requisitos de uma reforma mais alargada do sector público. De acordo com o evidenciado em alguns documentos, bem como por determinados entrevistados, houve também uma pressão positiva para a reforma da parte dos organismos internacionais (e.g. Banco Mundial, Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento e União Europeia) no sentido da inovação do sistema contabilístico. Relativamente aos atores, as reformas foram iniciadas pelos Membros do Governo e implementadas pelos próprios atores da gestão financeira do Estado (diretores gerais, diretores de serviços e técnicos nacionais). As reformas estão a ser implementadas na administração pública gradualmente. No que respeita a análise de conteúdo quantitativa, notamos que existem termos que foram repetidas com bastante frequência, nomeadamente: “transparência”, “PNCP”, “descentralização”, “burocracia”, “parceiros”, “pressão” e “implementação”, tal como na parte da análise qualitativa como mencionado pelos entrevistados., This thesis deals with the reform process of the accounting system in the Cape Verde Central Government since 2001, analysing the factors that motivated the reform. This period was particularly important, since the accrual-based accounting was firstly introduced in the public sector. The main goal of this research is to describe the evolution and the current situation of the Cape Verdean accounting system at the level of the Central Government, discussing how the various intervening factors in the reform process have acted, as this action has led to the institutionalization of the system currently in force and how it might determine other future reforms. The study is theoretically framed by the contingency model (Lüder 1994; 2002) and the institutional theory (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983); it is a qualitative-based research and the data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analysis of several documents and of the legal framework. Regarding to the interviews treatment, we use MAXQDA software. Moreover to analyze and structure the data from the interviews, we use the so-called “Gioia method”. Dealing with data, we performed a qualitative and quantitative content analysis. It is a pioneering investigation with important contributions to understand public sector accounting reform processes in developing countries, with particular focus on the Cape Verdean context, whose reality has not been much analysed academically. The study concluded that there were several stimuli for reform, namely: change of the political regime, dominant accounting doctrine, financial pressures and requirements of a broader reform of the public sector. According to some documents, as well as some interviewees, there was also positive pressure for reform by international organizations (eg World Bank, African Development Bank and European Union) towards the innovation of the accounting system. Regarding the actors, the reforms were initiated by the Government Members and implemented by the state financial management actors themselves (general directors, service directors and national technicians). These reforms are being implemented in public administration gradually. Concerning the analysis of quantitative content, we observed that there are frequently repeated terms, such as: “transparency”, “PNCP”, “decentralization”, “bureaucracy”, “partners”, “pressure” and “implement” as well as in the part of the qualitative analysis mentioned by the interviewees.

The study was aimed at evaluating the growth of eucalyptus seedlings irrigated with saline water. It was conducted on full-sun bench in the Goias State University. The experiment was set up following the completely randomized design, with five treatments (plants irrigated daily with water with an electrical conductivity equal to 0; 2; 4; 6 and 8 dS m-1) and six replications. The eucalyptus plants showed small alterations of the growth variables (height, diameter and biomass). Vigorous vegetative growth and retention of tissue moisture indicate that eucalyptus is tolerant to salinity. Key words: Tolerance, electrical conductivity, biomass

Background Surgery is one of the leading causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients. Major abdominal surgery has the second higher incidences of AKI, after cardiac surgery. AKI results from a complex interaction between hemodynamic, toxic and inflammatory factors. The pathogenesis of AKI following major abdominal surgery is distinct from cardiac and vascular surgery. The neutrophil, lymphocytes and platelets (N/LP) ratio has been demonstrated as an inflammatory marker and an independent predictor for AKI and mortality after cardiovascular surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic ability of the post-operative N/LP ratio after major abdominal surgery. Methods We cross-examined data of a retrospective analysis of 450 patients who underwent elective or urgent major nonvascular abdominal surgery at the Department of Surgery II of Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte from January 2010 to February 2011. N/LP ratio was determined using maximal neutrophil counts and minimal lymphocyte and platelet counts in the first 12 h after surgery. AKI was considered when developed within 48 h after surgery. Results One-hundred and one patients (22.4%) developed AKI. Patients with higher N/LP ratio had an increased risk of developing postoperative AKI (6.36 ± 7.34 vs 4.33 ± 3.36, p

Healing with plants and affection. José Craveiro, a practitioner of traditional medicine in Portugal

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

O cultivo do pinhão manso e soja em sistema consorciado pode representar excelente alternativa para aquisição de renda pelo agricultor familiar. Assim, pretendeu-se avaliar nesse trabalho o desempenho agronômico do pinhão manso e da soja em sistema consorciado. O trabalho foi conduzido de dezembro de 2011 a abril de 2012 no campo experimental da Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Unidade de Ipameri. O experimento foi montado seguindo o delineamento em blocos casualizados com três tratamentos (pinhão manso e soja solteiros e o consórcio entre ambos), seis repetições em parcelas de 16 m2. Foram utilizadas plantas de pinhão manso com quatro anos de idade e implantadas no espaçamento de 4 x 2 m. A soja cv. ‘Nidera 8015 RR’ foi cultivada nas entrelinhas do pinhão manso com 12 plantas m-1 e 0,50 m entre fileiras, distanciadas em 1,0 m do pinhão manso. A soja demonstrou ser excelente opção para captação de recursos necessários a manutenção e aquisição de renda familiar, proporcionando produção média de 2633,7 e 1156,7 kg ha-1 nos sistemas solteiro e consorciado, respectivamente. A incidência e severidade de pústula bacteriana da soja foram menores no sistema solteiro (46,66 e 3,93% respectivamente) quando comparadas ao consorcio (80,77 e 23,61%, respectivamente), evidenciando os efeitos do sombreamento.

A 57-year-old woman developed dysphagia 30 years after esophagectomy with partial gastrectomy and colonic interposition due to severe and extensive caustic esophageal stricture. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a lateral spreading tumor in the colonic tube with a granular surface measuring 40 mm in diameter. The lesion was removed by piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection. Histology revealed tubular adenoma with low/high-grade dysplasia. Although colonic interposition replacement is a relatively common procedure, especially in the past, the development of adenoma or adenocarcinoma as a late complication is very rare.

Arquivo da Tradição Oral: adivinhas e anedotas do Fundo Michel Giacometti

Background. We analyzed the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in a cohort of patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.Methods. A total of 450 patients were retrospectively studied. AKI was defined by an increase in serum creatinine (SCr) ≥ 0.3 mg/dl or by an increase in SCr ≥ 50% and/or by a decrease in urine output to 0.5 ml/kg/hour for 6 hours, in the first 48 hours after surgery. Logistic regression method was used to determine predictors of AKI and in-hospital mortality. A two-tailedPvalue Results. One hundred one patients (22.4%) had postoperative AKI. Age (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.05), nonrenal Revised Cardiac Risk Index score (adjusted OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3–3.1,P=0.003), intraoperative erythrocytes transfusions (adjusted OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4–3.5,P <.0001), and nonrenal Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (adjusted OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.06,P=0.0191) were associated with postoperative AKI. AKI was associated with increased in-hospital mortality (20.8% versus 2.3%,P <.0001; unadjusted OR 11.2, 95% CI 4.8–26.2,P <.0001; adjusted OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.2–11.7,P=0.024).Conclusion. AKI was common in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery and was associated with in-hospital mortality.

Dissertação de mestrado em Contabilidade e Finanças, apresentada à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra O objetivo deste trabalho consiste principalmente em averiguar se as práticas de elaboração, execução e controlo orçamental em Cabo Verde, no que respeita ao Governo Central, de acordo com as respetivas normas legais, são adequados à Administração Financeira do Estado daquele País. Além disto, procura-se identificar que procedimentos orçamentais e práticas poderão ser melhorados, tendo por referência o contexto do Governo Central de Portugal. Neste estudo combinamos duas perspetivas de investigação: positivista, usando uma metodologia quantitativa, com recolha de dados através de questionários; e interpretativa, recorrendo a uma metodologia mais qualitativa e recolha de dados via entrevistas. Para o tratamento dos questionários usamos os softwares Excel e SPSS, enquanto para as entrevistas usamos o software MAXQDA. Também realizamos análise documental (legislação, relatórios, sítios na internet). O universo de análise cingiu-se às instituições que interferem de algum modo, na preparação, execução e controlo do Orçamento de Estado (OE) em Cabo Verde, designadamente Direção Nacional de Orçamento e Contabilidade Pública e Tribunal de Contas. Da análise dos dados constatámos que, no que respeita aos princípios orçamentais, mesmo que alguns não estejam estabelecidos na LEO, são colocados em prática (princípio da prudência, transparência, sujeição a instrumentos de gestão). Em relação aos mapas de elaboração e controlo da execução do OE, a maioria dos inquiridos discorda totalmente que os Mapas do Manual de Procedimentos sejam utilizados na elaboração do OE, mas concordam que o Mapa da LEO seja usado na elaboração do OE. Os inquiridos são da opinião que são realizadas a fiscalização à priori e sucessiva. No que concerne a fiscalização concomitante muitos discordam que seja efetuada. O controlo interno exercido pela IGF, DGCP e outros órgãos especializados, de acordo com os respondentes, são colocados em prática. Os entrevistados sugeriram melhorias para as duas instituições: para o TC acham que deve ser elaborado uma nova lei de organização e funcionamento; para a DNOCP consideram de extrema importância a elaboração e efetiva utilização de um Manual de Procedimentos.

Carcinoid heart disease typically presents with pulmonary stenosis and tricuspid regurgitation. Management is intended for symptomatic relief, and valvular intervention is indicated in refractory heart failure. Balloon valvuloplasty is an option for patients not suitable for surgery. We report the case of a patient with a carcinoid tumour, who developed postoperative refractory hypoxemia. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed carcinoid pulmonary and tricuspid valve disease, with severe pulmonary stenosis. Balloon valvuloplasty was performed with major clinical improvement.