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Transnational immigration has increased since the 1950s. In countries such as the United States, immigrants now account forWe summarized current knowledge comparing immigrants' and nonimmigrants' exposure to and health effects of environmental exposures.We conducted a title and abstract review on articles identified through PubMed and selected those that assessed environmental exposures or health effects separately for immigrants and nonimmigrants. After a full text review, we extracted the main findings from eligible studies and categorized each article as exposure-focused, health-focused, or both. We also noted each study's exposure of interest, study location, exposure and statistical methods, immigrant and comparison groups, and the intersecting socioeconomic characteristics controlled for.We conducted a title and abstract review on 3,705 articles, a full text review on 84, and extracted findings from 50 studies. There were 43 studies that investigated exposure (e.g., metals, organic compounds, fine particulate matter, hazardous air pollutants) disparities, but only 12 studies that assessed health disparities (e.g., mortality, select morbidities). Multiple studies reported higher exposures in immigrants compared with nonimmigrants. Among immigrants, studies sometimes observed exposure disparities by country of origin and time since immigration. Of the 50 studies, 43 were conducted in North America.The environmental health of immigrants remains an understudied area, especially outside of North America. Although most identified studies explored potential exposure disparities, few investigated subsequent differences in health effects. Future research should investigate environmental health disparities of immigrants, especially outside North America. Additional research gaps include the role of immigrants' country of origin and time since immigration, as well as the combined effects of immigrant status with intersecting socioeconomic characteristics, such as race/ethnicity, income, and education attainment. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9855.

UV-Vis measurements showed that the interaction of pseudohalide anions, A(-) (A(-) = N3(-), NCO(-), NCS(-)), with electrophilic bromocarbons, R-Br (R-Br = CBr4, CBr3NO2, CBr3CONH2, CBr3H, CBr3F, CBr3CN or C3Br2F6), in solution results in formation of [R-Br, A(-)] complexes. These associates are characterized by intense absorption bands in the 200-350 nm range showing distinct Mulliken correlation with the frontier (HOMO-LUMO) orbitals' separations of the interacting anion and the R-Br electrophile. X-ray crystallographic studies established the principal structural features of the halogen-bonded associates between bromocarbons and polydentate pseudohalide anions. Specifically, in the (Pr4N)NCO·CBr4, (Pr4N)N3·CBr4 and (Pr4N)NCO·CBr3NO2 co-crystals, bromine substituents of the electrophiles are halogen-bonded with the (C≡N or N=N) π-bonds of the cyanate or azide anions. Co-crystals of CBr4 with (Pr4N)NCS show two modes (C-Br···S-C and C-Br···N≡C) of halogen bonding, while tribromoacetamide molecules form C-Br···S-C halogen bonds and N-H···N≡C hydrogen bonds with thiocyanate anions. Structures and energetics of the halogen-bonded complexes resulted from the M06-2X/6-311+G(dp) computations of various R-Br-A(-) pairs were consistent with the experimental data. These computations revealed that the variations of the intramolecular (C-Br) and intermolecular (Br···A(-)) bond lengths are correlated with the A(-) → R-Br charge transfer determined from Natural Bond Orbital analysis. Also, the scrutiny of the structural data indicated that the locations of the intermolecular contacts in these associates are determined primarily by the frontier orbital shapes of the halogen-bonded species. Thus, spectral and structural data point out a significant role of molecular-orbital (charge-transfer) interactions in formation of halogen bonded complexes involving pseudohalides and bromocarbons.

Diana Preston’s The Dark Defile describes the disastrous occupation of Afghanistan by Britain from 1839 to 1842. This is a well-known story—depicted in grand nineteenth-century canvases (Remnants of an Army), 1960s comedies (Flashman), and a flurry of books with Victorian titles, published or republished to coincide with our current Afghan mess: Signal Catastrophe, Crimson Snow, The Last Man, Retreat and Retribution, Butcher and Bolt. Most of the books remind us that the British ‘‘Army of the Indus’’ swaggered into Kabul from India in 1839; that the general’s personal baggage had been loaded on 260 camels; that behind the lancers in their scarlet cloaks and plumed shakos trotted a pack of hounds, which had been led through the arid horrors of the Bolan Pass in order to hunt foxes in the Hindu Kush; and that the Afghans were soon watching ice-skating and giving advice to British women on their geraniums. The British had invaded to replace the Afghan king, because they felt he was becoming too close to the Russians, and that Afghanistan could have been used by Russia to threaten British India. By November 1841, Sir Alexander Burnes, the British political official responsible for Kabul, congratulated his superior, Sir William Hay Macnaghten, on the perfect tranquility of the country. A day later, Burnes was hacked down in the flames of his burning mansion; a week later, the British garrison was under siege; on December 23 Macnaghten’s mutilated corpse was hung from a butcher’s hook in the bazaar; and on January 6 the British army began its retreat.

Donegal is a geographically removed county on the northwest coast of Ireland. It is known to have high levels of social deprivation¹.Feedback from both hospital and general practice (GP) colleagues indicate that there appears to be a high proportion of men in Donegal with long-term urinary catheters (LTCs). There is a perceived difficulty accessing Urology services for public (GMS) patients in Donegal.A retrospective analysis of Primary Care Reimbursement Service (PCRS) data (2013) was carried out which demonstrated:Total urinary catheter insertions in men over 65 years of age (2013): Donegal 907 ; Kerry 282; Dublin South 33; Dublin West 28; Waterford 1612.This gives a crude 2.55% rate for male GMS patients in Donegal greater than 65 years of age for urinary catheter insertions compared to Dublin South: 0.045% ;Waterford: 0.63 % ; NICE > 75yrs: 0.5%3.For the patients sampled in Donegal, The average duration since 1st urinary catheter insertion was 53 months. 89% of the patients had been referred to Urology. The mean wait for Urology review was 43.75 months. The mean patient age was 80 years. (21%) were based in a nursing home and (79%) were in the community.Differences in LTC rates in the population sampled in Donegal (Rural), Leinster (Urban) and Waterford (Suburban) were significant 1.41% (95% CI 1.0203 – 1.7958) (P < 0.0001) and 1.81% (95% CI 14840 – 2.1549) ( P < 0.0001) respectively.For many reasons Donegal has struggled with service provision particularly in services like Urology. Could this anomaly in LTC rates be a useful parameter to measure the quality and provision of local health services?References:1- Available from: http://census.cso.ie/areaprofiles/areaprofile.aspx?Geog_Type=CTY&Geog_Code=33 2- Available from: http://www.hse.ie/eng/staff/PCRS/PCRS_Publications/PCRS_Statistical_Analyis_of_Claims_and_Payments_2013.pdf3- Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg2/documents/infection-control-second-consultation-full-guideline-section-32

A field trial of Quality driven Video Streaming is described and shows how we can achieve approximately a 40% reduction in byte volume for adaptive constant quality delivery compared to adaptive constant bitrate delivery while maintaining the equivalent overall quality. The trials were carried out over BT's broadband network.

Portable devices are becoming increasingly capable of rendering high quality music and videos providing the capability for entertainment on the move. Deploying content onto those devices is often time consuming, requiring significant amounts of user intervention and prone to failure. Streaming systems can potentially offer very large catalogues, but require continuous high speed connectivity. Download and play services (e.g. podcasting) often require devices to be docked together and have catalogues limited to those chosen by the user. This paper recognizes the potential of high speed local area networks in the deployment of content to devices. It gives an overview of a method for automating the initial content transfer and the lifetime management of on-device content in a more coordinated and intelligent way than current systems. Although further work is required to realize these methods, we believe it can provide a number of benefits for both end users and service providers.

Foreword R.Stewart SECTION I: NEW NARRATIVES AND THE MEDIA Aggressive Action in Search of a Dominant Narrative M.Dubnick, D.F.Olshfski & K.Callahan 9/11 and the Social Construction of a National Narrative R.Jackson Battle of Narratives: The Real Central Front against al Qaeda P.J.Crowley Islamic Terrorism: The Red Menace of the 21st Century K.Wiegand Searching for the Public in a Time of Endless War J.F.Tracy The Resurgence of U.S. Public Diplomacy after 9/11 N.Snow Leaving the Cave: Government, the Media and the Information Age D.Bobiash & S.Moore A Distracted Media: Sidetracked and Hoodwinked L.Finnegan SECTION II: THE ARTS AND ENTERTAINMENT Reading Afghanistan post 9/11 S.McClennen 9/11 in the Novel K.Versluys Poetry, a New Voice for Dissent M.G.Bouvard 'all language bankrupt': The Hip Hopoetics of Suheir Hammad M.Newman Libraries, Archives, and the Pursuit of Access R.J.Knuth & M.V.Cloonan Hollywood 9/11: Time of Crisis T.Pollard Screaming Her Way into the Hearts of Post-9/11 Audiences: Dakota Fanning as Child Star K.Merlock Jackson Sporting Spectacle and the Post-9/11 Patriarchal Body Politic M.Silk & M.Falcous NASCAR's Role Post-9/11: Supporting All Things American P.Haridakis & L.Hugenberg