Search

Your search keyword '"Roose T"' showing total 338 results
Start Over Author "Roose T"
338 results on '"Roose T"'

14. Modeling Soil Processes: Review, Key Challenges, and New Perspectives

Author

Vereecken, H, Schnepf, A, Hopmans, JW, Javaux, M, Or, D, Roose, T, Vanderborght, J, Young, MH, Amelung, W, Aitkenhead, M, Allison, SD, Assouline, S, Baveye, P, Berli, M, Brüggemann, N, Finke, P, Flury, M, Gaiser, T, Govers, G, Ghezzehei, T, Hallett, P, Franssen, HJ Hendricks, Heppell, J, Horn, R, Huisman, JA, Jacques, D, Jonard, F, Kollet, S, Lafolie, F, Lamorski, K, Leitner, D, McBratney, A, Minasny, B, Montzka, C, Nowak, W, Pachepsky, Y, Padarian, J, Romano, N, Roth, K, Rothfuss, Y, Rowe, EC, Schwen, A, Šimůnek, J, Tiktak, A, Van Dam, J, Zee, SEATM, Vogel, HJ, Vrugt, JA, Wöhling, T, and Young, IM

Subjects
Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Soil Sciences, Crop and Pasture Production, Environmental Engineering
Abstract

The remarkable complexity of soil and its importance to a wide range of ecosystem services presents major challenges to the modeling of soil processes. Although major progress in soil models has occurred in the last decades, models of soil processes remain disjointed between disciplines or ecosystem services, with considerable uncertainty remaining in the quality of predictions and several challenges that remain yet to be addressed. First, there is a need to improve exchange of knowledge and experience among the different disciplines in soil science and to reach out to other Earth science communities. Second, the community needs to develop a new generation of soil models based on a systemic approach comprising relevant physical, chemical, and biological processes to address critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of soil processes and their interactions. Overcoming these challenges will facilitate exchanges between soil modeling and climate, plant, and social science modeling communities. It will allow us to contribute to preserve and improve our assessment of ecosystem services and advance our understanding of climate-change feedback mechanisms, among others, thereby facilitating and strengthening communication among scientific disciplines and society. We review the role of modeling soil processes in quantifying key soil processes that shape ecosystem services, with a focus on provisioning and regulating services. We then identify key challenges in modeling soil processes, including the systematic incorporation of heterogeneity and uncertainty, the integration of data and models, and strategies for effective integration of knowledge on physical, chemical, and biological soil processes. We discuss how the soil modeling community could best interface with modern modeling activities in other disciplines, such as climate, ecology, and plant research, and how to weave novel observation and measurement techniques into soil models. We propose the establishment of an international soil modeling consortium to coherently advance soil modeling activities and foster communication with other Earth science disciplines. Such a consortium should promote soil modeling platforms and data repository for model development, calibration and intercomparison essential for addressing contemporary challenges.

Published
2016

22. Mathematical model of plant nutrient uptake

Author

Roose, T.

Subjects
580, Partial differential equations, Biology and other natural sciences, Approximations and expansions, Numerical analysis
Abstract

This thesis deals with the mathematical modelling of nutrient uptake by plant roots. It starts with the Nye-Tinker-Barber model for nutrient uptake by a single bare cylindrical root. The model is treated using matched asymptotic expansion and an analytic formula for the rate of nutrient uptake is derived for the first time. The basic model is then extended to include root hairs and mycorrhizae, which have been found experimentally to be very important for the uptake of immobile nutrients. Again, analytic expressions for nutrient uptake are derived. The simplicity and clarity of the analytical formulae for the solution of the single root models allows the extension of these models to more realistic branched roots. These models clearly show that the `volume averaging of branching structure' technique commonly used to extend the Nye-Tinker-Barber with experiments can lead to large errors. The same models also indicate that in the absence of large-scale water movement, due to rainfall, fertiliser fails to penetrate into the soil. This motivates us to build a model for water movement and uptake by branched root structures. This model considers the simultaneous flow of water in the soil, uptake by the roots, and flow within the root branching network to the stems of the plant. The water uptake model shows that the water saturation can develop pseudo-steady-state wet and dry zones in the rooting region of the soil. The dry zone is shown to stop the movement of nutrient from the top of the soil to the groundwater. Finally we present a model for the simultaneous movement and uptake of both nutrients and water. This is discussed as a new tool for interpreting available experimental results and designing future experiments. The parallels between evolution and mathematical optimisation are also discussed.

Published
2000

33. Multimodal correlative imaging and modelling of phosphorus uptake from soil by hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi

Author

Keyes, S., Veelen, A., McKay Fletcher, D., Scotson, C., Koebernick, N., Petroselli, C., Williams, K., Ruiz, S., Cooper, L., Mayon, R., Duncan, S., Dumont, M., Jakobsen, I., Oldroyd, G., Tkacz, A., Poole, P., Mosselmans, F., Borca, C., Huthwelker, T., Jones, D.L., Roose, T., Keyes, S., Veelen, A., McKay Fletcher, D., Scotson, C., Koebernick, N., Petroselli, C., Williams, K., Ruiz, S., Cooper, L., Mayon, R., Duncan, S., Dumont, M., Jakobsen, I., Oldroyd, G., Tkacz, A., Poole, P., Mosselmans, F., Borca, C., Huthwelker, T., Jones, D.L., and Roose, T.

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) is essential for plant growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) aid its uptake by acquiring P from sources distant from roots in return for carbon. Little is known about how AMF colonise soil pore-space, and models of AMF-enhanced P-uptake are poorly validated. We used synchrotron X-ray computed tomography to visualize mycorrhizas in soil and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence/X-ray absorption near edge structure (XRF/XANES) elemental mapping for P, sulphur (S) and aluminium (Al) in combination with modelling. We found that AMF inoculation had a suppressive effect on colonisation by other soil fungi and identified differences in structure and growth rate between hyphae of AMF and nonmycorrhizal fungi. Our results showed that AMF co-locate with areas of high P and low Al, and preferentially associate with organic-type P species over Al-rich inorganic P. We discovered that AMF avoid Al-rich areas as a source of P. Sulphur-rich regions were found to be correlated with higher hyphal density and an increased organic-associated P-pool, whilst oxidized S-species were found close to AMF hyphae. Increased S oxidation close to AMF suggested the observed changes were microbiome-related. Our experimentally-validated model led to an estimate of P-uptake by AMF hyphae that is an order of magnitude lower than rates previously estimated – a result with significant implications for the modelling of plant–soil–AMF interactions.

Published
2022

34. Transition metal-catalysed carbene- and nitrene transfer to carbon monoxide and isocyanides

Author

Roose, T. R., Verdoorn, D. S., Mampuys, P., Ruijter, E., Maes, B. U.W., Orru, R. V.A., Roose, T. R., Verdoorn, D. S., Mampuys, P., Ruijter, E., Maes, B. U.W., and Orru, R. V.A.

Abstract

Transition metal-catalysed carbene- and nitrene transfer to the C1-building blocks carbon monoxide and isocyanides provides heteroallenes (i.e. ketenes, isocyanates, ketenimines and carbodiimides). These are versatile and reactive compounds allowing in situ transformation towards numerous functional groups and organic compounds, including heterocycles. Both one-pot and tandem processes have been developed providing valuable synthetic methods for the organic chemistry toolbox. This review discusses all known transition metal-catalysed carbene- and nitrene transfer reactions towards carbon monoxide and isocyanides and in situ transformation of the heteroallenes hereby obtained, with a special focus on the general mechanistic considerations.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. Supplemental A and B: Automated shear zone thickness calculation methods, and variation in fallow tests from Modelling of stress transfer in root-reinforced soils informed by

Author

Bull, D. J., Smethurst, J. A., Meijer, G. J., Sinclair, I., Pierron, F., Roose, T., Powrie, W., and Bengough, A. G.

Abstract

Explanations of and results from different automated shear zone thickness calculation methods, and a brief investigation of the differences in the measured shearing resistance in the Fallow specimens.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results