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an non-indigenous concepts be introduced into the description of settings while observing the strong form of the unique adequacy requirements of methods? We suggest that this can be achieved by adopting and developing Garfinkel’s practice of deliberately misreading texts. In doing so, we seek to lay some foundations for an EM hybrid discipline of nursing. This project orients to two emerging initiatives in EM: the various previous attempts to develop a hybrid discipline; and the recent suggestion that the corpus of EM studies should be reviewed in order to revitalise the discipline. Two candidate descriptions of the process of learning to administer an intramuscular (IM) injection are presented. The first represents a conventional detailed ethnography of work, conducted according to the unique adequacy requirements of methods. For the second, we borrow concepts from Norman, Ryle, Polanyi and Garfinkel himself. We argue that the resulting analysis conforms to the unique adequacy requirements of method, and has a generic context-free, context sensitive, character, but does not yet meet the full requirements for a hybrid study

Purpose:\ud The purpose of the paper is to discuss a production planning and control model known as the Lean Construction Management (LCM) model, which applies a number of visual tools in a systematic way to the planning and control process. The application of the visual tools in this way, facilitates the flow of information, thus improving transparency between the interfaces of planning, execution and control.\ud \ud Design/Methodology/Approach:\ud Design Science research is adopted for this investigation, which analyses the original development of the model and reports on its testing and refinement over different types of projects. The research is divided into 3 parts, each part focusing on a different stage of development and construction project type.\ud \ud Findings:\ud The main findings are related to the benefits of visual management in the construction planning and control process, such as maintaining consistency between different planning levels, so that feasible execution plans are created; control becomes more focused on prevention rather than correction, and creates opportunities for collaborative problem solving. Moreover, the physical display of the visual tools in a discrete planning area on-site encourages a regular exchange between participants on actual work progress as it unfolds, leading to more timely reaction to the problems at hand.\ud \ud Originality/Value:\ud The problem of a lack of transparency in construction planning and control leads to communication issues on site, poor process orientation and high levels of waste. LCM improves process transparency by making information related to system wide processes more readily available to project participants. This enables them to foresee problems in a timely manner and to take necessary measures to resolve them or to adapt the process to current circumstances. The LCM model proposes a new way of applying visual tools and controls systematically to improve transparency in construction planning and control.

Keine Beschreibung., + Sprache: eng

Analysis of reads of 16S rRNA assigned to Proteobacteria (DOCX 15 kb)

Diversity statistics based on microbial genus abundance in high and low methane emitting cattle. (DOCX 12 kb)

Gene abundance of genes of pyruvate metabolism in low and high methane steers. (DOCX 14 kb)

KEGG pathways associated with methane metabolism. Highlighted EC gene numbers are those genes that differed significantly between high and low emitting cattle. Red â genes that had higher abundance in high emitters; blue - genes that had lower abundance in high emitters. (DOC 22 kb)

Irish construction reported strong growth towards the end of 2013, after years of industry recession. Following a property led economic collapse which started in 2007 construction output fell by circa eighty percent. Many construction companies went out of business; those remaining are strongly focused on their bottom line and increasing efficiency to ensure survival. Defects and rework, common in construction, are both wasteful and a cost that can be avoided, thus presenting an obvious target for improvement. A regional SME main contractor collaborated on a project to improve the efficiency of their current processes for the identification, management and elimination of defects and rework in their supply chain. An action research strategy was employed on several field projects, to investigate the problems faced by the company in this area and to develop an improvement plan. Action research involves a five stage problem solving cycle (1) problem diagnosing; (2) action planning; (3) action taking; (4) evaluation of results; (5) specification of learning. Action planning elements emerging from the cycle (at stage 2) are presented here. They are very wide ranging and include; process standardisation; sign off procedures; use of ICT as a collaborative platform; freeware information repository; cost modelling; benchmarks for improvement; planning workshops; root cause analysis of defects and subsequent development of learning materials. Preliminary results indicate a sophisticated understanding of the defects and rework process across the supply-chain, but a general lack of forum and opportunity to contribute to improvement. The results indicate a wide diversity of abilities and resources in SMEs, including human, capital and technological, meaning one size fits all solutions to efficiency improvements are difficult to attain. Prescriptions thus need to be both simple to implement and flexible. The results here offer detailed reflective insight into best practice in designing improvement plans of this nature

Since 2007, Ireland has suffered a circa 80% reduction in construction output. This has resulted in bankruptcy, unemployment and bad debt. Contractors have attached greater emphasis to production efficiency and cost reduction as a means of survival. An action research (AR) strategy was used to improve processes adopted by a small/medium enterprise (SME) contractor for the control of defects in its supply chain. It is conservatively estimated that rework, typically, accounts for circa 5% of total project costs. Rework is wasteful and presents an obvious target for improvement. The research reported here concerns the (first) diagnosing stage of the AR cycle only, involving: observation of fieldwork, analysis of contract documents, and semi-structured interviews with supply chain members. The results indicate potential for supply chain participants to identify root causes of defects and propose solutions, having regard to best practice to avoid reoccurrence. A lack of collaborative forums to contribute to production improvement was identified. Additionally the processes used to collect, manage and disseminate data were unstructured and uncoordinated, indicating scope for developing more efficient methods. The findings indicate a good understanding of the potential benefits for supply chain collaboration but suggest that the tools and knowledge to collaborate are currently lacking in the SME sector Yes

An ever-expanding scientific literature highlights the impact of the prenatal environment on many areas of biology. Across all major farmed species, experimental studies have clearly shown that prenatal experiences can have a substantial impact on outcomes relevant to later health, welfare and productivity. In particular, stress or sub-optimal nutrition experienced by the mother during pregnancy has been shown to have wide-ranging and important effects on how her offspring cope with their social, physical and infectious environment. Variation in the conditions for development provided by the reproductive tract or egg, for instance by altered nutritional supply or hormonal exposure, may therefore explain a large degree of variation in many welfare- and productivity-relevant traits. The scientific literature suggests a number of management practices for pre-birth/hatch individuals that could compromise their later welfare. Such studies may have relevance for the welfare of animals under human care, depending on the extent to which real life conditions involve exposure to these practices. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of extending the focus on animal welfare to include the prenatal period, an aspect which until recently has been largely neglected.

Healthcare buildings are designed to achieve diverse objectives, anging from providing appropriate environments where care can be elivered to communities to increasing operational efficiency and proving patient flows and the patient experience. Improvements in ficiency should result from state-of-the-art buildings, more appropriate layouts, departmental adjacencies, efficient clinical and business processes and enhanced information systems. However, complexities around requirements and stakeholders management may prevent the achievement of such objectives. The aim of this article is to identify and understand how healthcare services (re)design and building design can be integrated to facilitate increased performance both in terms of service delivery and future changes. Findings indicate that current approaches and innovation are restricted due to functional barriers in the design process, and that there is a need to support the development of operations driven design through time (e.g. flexible and durable) that satisfies diverse needs., Healthcare buildings are designed to achieve diverse objectives, ranging from providing appropriate environments where care can be delivered to communities to increasing operational efficiency and improving patient flows and the patient experience. Improvements in operational efficiency should result from state-of-the-art buildings, more appropriate layouts, departmental adjacencies, efficient clinical and business processes and enhanced information systems. However, complexities around requirements and stakeholders management may prevent the achievement of such objectives. The aim of this article is to identify and understand how healthcare services (re)design and building design can be integrated to facilitate increased performance both in terms of service delivery and future changes. Findings indicate that current approaches and innovation are restricted due to functional barriers in the design process, and that there is a need to support the development of operations driven design through time (e.g. flexible and durable) that satisfies diverse needs.

The intention to investigate the role of artefacts (objects and environments) in codifying,\ud embedding and disseminating knowledge was inspired by an awareness that organisations across all\ud sectors are increasingly being asked not only to provide products in the first instance, but also to\ud support them throughout their service life. Thus a move from product-delivery to product-service\ud designs is suggested. This paper considers ways in which knowledge can be embedded into the\ud physical properties of artefacts and how this can consequently aid the dissemination and\ud management of knowledge in and across stages of life cycles. A literature review and fieldwork\ud based on an ethnomethodological approach are used to investigate this topic. Accounts of the\ud situated meaning of artefacts within social processes are obtained using ethnographic armchair\ud research. Unique adequacy is used to achieve an understanding of how people make sense of\ud artefacts. The initial findings of the current research show that knowledge can be embedded or\ud encoded into the physical properties of artefacts and that this can be successfully transferred from\ud artefact to user.

The objective of this position paper is to review, from a theoretical point of view, the\ud practice of and research on through life management. It is argued that the rationale of\ud TLM is elusive and its theoretical basis insufficient. Regarding information systems\ud for through life management, an approach based on ethnomethodology is provided.\ud Regarding learning from use, the embedded nature of effective learning is discussed.\ud Regarding governance and management, the common denial to acknowledge\ud production as a fundamental ingredient in TLM is considered. It is concluded that\ud through life management is an under theorized domain, and further progress requires\ud increased research efforts.

The traditional use of signs has failed to overcome the problem of wayfinding in hospitals. As\ud wayfinding problems are clearly linked to healthcare outcomes there is need to find a more\ud integrated approach to solving the problem. In this paper it is shown that it is possible to\ud embed forms of knowledge that make it easier for people to find their way with little need for\ud signs. Evidence from literature and from fieldwork supports this assertion. Methods used for\ud our research included direct observation, analysis of photographs and discussion with\ud members of staff and other users of the setting.