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Abstract Background Stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR), associated with adverse outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), has several definitions. This study aims to assess the prognostic value of SHR, derived from hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) or glycated albumin (GA), to mortality. Methods The study comprised 1,643 STEMI patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in two centers. SHR1 was calculated using fasting blood glucose (FBG)/GA, while SHR2 was calculated using the formula FBG/(1.59*HbA1c-2.59). The primary endpoints were in-hospital death and all-cause mortality, with a median follow-up duration of 1.56 years. Results Higher SHR1 and SHR2 values are associated with increased risks of in-hospital death and all-cause mortality. Each standard deviation increase in SHR1 corresponded to a 39% and 22% escalation in in-hospital death and all-cause mortality, respectively. The respective increases for SHR2 were 51% and 26%. Further examinations validated these relationships as linear. Additionally, the areas under the curve (AUC) for in-hospital death were not significantly different between SHR1 and SHR2 (p > 0.05). Incorporating SHR1 or SHR2 into the base model significantly improved the discrimination and risk reclassification for in-hospital and all-cause mortality. A subgroup analysis revealed that the effects of SHR1 and SHR2 were more pronounced in patients with hypercholesteremia. Conclusion SHR1 and SHR2 have emerged as robust and independent prognostic markers for STEMI patients undergoing PCI. The SHR calculation based on either HbA1c or GA can provide additional predictive value for mortality beyond traditional risk factors, helping to identify high-risk STEMI patients.