Search

Mobile social services are an indispensable part of our daily lives. These services are also favored by criminals because it is difficult to retrieve communication data from them. In the past, communication data provided by telecommunication carriers usually indicated when, from where, and with whom the communication occurred. Presently, it is difficult for law enforcement agencies and public security departments to obtain information regarding mobile social services. For this reason, these departments have requested Internet access service providers to store data that can be used to identify the user of a mobile social service at any given time. However, many non-government and civil society organizations claim that these practices violate privacy rights; hence, they strongly oppose the retention of the subscribers' data by the government. Currently, the European Union law does not allow “general and indiscriminate retention of traffic data and location data,” except for “targeted” use against “serious crimes.” Under this premise, ensuring the necessary data retention, while reducing the privacy violations and maintaining public security is a challenging task. In this study, a novel identification framework based on different types and action characteristics of mobile social services is proposed. Based on this framework, government agencies do not need to retain general and indiscriminate traffic data, but only data that aid in identification. Thus, this framework substantially reduces the volume of potential targets and improves the probability of correct target identification, ensuring a balance between privacy and public security.

Crime scene investigation serves as an important source of information for law enforcement officers when running a case. Effective leads are uncovered based on the knowledge, technique, and experience of the crime scene investigator. This study utilized eye-tracking technology to understand different decision makers'visual behaviors and decision-making process when studying a crime scene picture. A total of 42 college students majored in crime investigation were recruited as the subjects of the study. Eye movement data were collected and analyzed using t-test and ANOVA on eye-tracking measures of areas of interest (AOI) for visual attention distributions as well as lag sequence analysis (LSA), heat map, and scan path observations for visual transfer patterns. The results showed that participants who made the correct decision were faster in identifying the key target. Regardless of whether they made the correct decision or not, their visual attention was fixated on the answer option of their choosing. Additionally, the subjects' attention must be shifted to the key target in order to make the correct decision. This study successfully applied the eye-tracking method to explore the investigation and decision-making process of inspecting a crime scene picture. Future studies can apply the eye-tracking method to deeply understand the process of information processing in investigating criminal scene pictures and provide more suggestions for professional training curriculum and instruction.

This study explored the effects of virtual reality (VR) technology applied to spatial ability learning in elementary school students. As supplement materials to the Geometry Unit in the curriculum, the learning materials were developed based on the mathematics competence indicators for fifth and sixth graders in Taiwan. Designed to enhance spatial concept and logical thinking, the materials tapped into VR technology to transform two-dimensional graphics into three-dimensional spaces, in view of effectively solving the problem of learning abstract 3D spaces. A quasi-experimental method was used to understand the influence of different learning methods on students’ learning effectiveness and interest in learning. The experiment found that (1) the use of interactive VR learning materials significantly improved student’s spatial ability; (2) using VR learning materials enhanced the learning effectiveness of students with low achievement in mathematics; and (3) the introduction of VR learning materials improved students’ motivation for learning spatial concepts. The findings showed that the digital learning materials developed in this study were beneficial to the teaching effectiveness of teachers and the learning needs of students.

This article aims to explore the impact of AR on the learning outcomes of college freshmen and their knowledge about the biology lab course. In a study, a basic biology lab course app was developed using AR technology. The students used this app to prepare for a basic biology lab course, and carry on self-learning without the help of instructors. The results showed that by integrating AR technology into the instruction, the students took on a more positive autonomous learning attitude; they were able to gain a better grasp of the basic biology lab knowledge through the interactive operation as well as cooperative learning. In addition, the students were found to have learned the importance of scientific knowledge with this interactive technology. The basic biology lab course app developed in the study offered the benefits of autonomous learning, situational simulation and interactive experience.

This article aims to explore the impact of AR on the learning outcomes of college freshmen and their knowledge about the biology lab course. In a study, a basic biology lab course app was developed using AR technology. The students used this app to prepare for a basic biology lab course, and carry on self-learning without the help of instructors. The results showed that by integrating AR technology into the instruction, the students took on a more positive autonomous learning attitude; they were able to gain a better grasp of the basic biology lab knowledge through the interactive operation as well as cooperative learning. In addition, the students were found to have learned the importance of scientific knowledge with this interactive technology. The basic biology lab course app developed in the study offered the benefits of autonomous learning, situational simulation and interactive experience.

The study shall apply Augmented Reality (AR) technique to develop Math learning App. The learners shall apply the mobile device to scan the cards and convert the 2D floor plan into 3D objects. By manipulating virtual 3D objects, students can understand the 3D composition from different perspectives. By applying the decomposition or combinated functions of the Math learning App, students can further understand the calculation way of Volume. The study confers the learning outcomes of the school children before and after applying AR Math App through the introduction and experiment design of the teaching site, and discusses the difference between Math high-accomplished school children and ordinary children by way of digital learning. Through the ways of achievement tests, questionnaire and teachers’ and childrents’ interviews, the study understands the learning effects and experiencing of AR Math App. The experiment’s result indicates that students can accept the AR Math learning App developed by the institute and it can also initiate their interests in learning. The result before and after studying indicates that the learning effects have significantly promoted. The result of teachers’ interviews indicate that the application of this digital teaching materials and interactive experience model has effectively enhanced the students understanding the concept of Volume and 3D composition.

This study has developed an interactive learning App through Augmented Reality (AR) technology. This AR math learning App provides with interactive operations such as combination, stacking, dismantling, multi-angle rotation, and so on. Teachers can apply this App to teach by replacing teaching materials like traditional stack cartons or videos. Students can repeatedly hand-operate and practice through mobile devices to increase the understanding of the concept of space and understanding 3D body. The study has adopted standard way of experiments to implement the learning effects evaluation of 5th grade elementary students and finds there are significant differences in learning outcomes. The study also applies the technology accepting models and semi-structured interviews to understand how teachers and students react after applying the App. The experiments indicate that the AR mathematics learning App developed by the study can make learners easily apply and maintain a positive attitude, which shows it can improve the motivation of learning.

A good doctor must do a deep understanding of the needs of patients. Doctors must listen into the patient illnesses overview, as well as to understand the cause of the patient based on the patient's background. In recent years, the major of Medicine have to import "standardized patients (SP)" courses. Out of the program, practical experience, and quickly determine the SP is urgently needed resources to treatment. In this research, the main use of the Kinect device to detect the SP in performing the action is consistent performances. Use of SP script This device records all joint action performances circumstances, further analysis of previous SP to participate in the screenplay. Each practice will be recorded this way to achieve the goal of each performance consistently. When the formal performance, not because of lack of practice, no guidance caused in performances on SP error or script misunderstanding. This system allows SP when performing a full practice, to avoid the error cause unable to in line with the theme of the performances.

The learning of plants has garnered considerable attention in recent years, but students often lack the motivation to learn about the process of plant growth. Also, students are not able to apply what they have learned in class in the form of observation, since plant growth takes a long time. In this study, we use augmented reality (AR) technology to develop the ARFlora system, which can assist students in observing the changes in plant growth while in the classroom. More specifically, students are able to use AR markers to manipulate various virtual objects (e.g. sunlight) and observe the changes they have on plant growth. Meanwhile, a quasi-experimental evaluation is in place to substantiate the effectiveness of ARFlora in the learning of plants and to compare it with digital video learning. In the quasi-experimental design, 55 elementary-school students participated in the study. The participants are divided into two groups, an “experimental group” and a “control group.” The experimental group was taug...

Augmented Reality (AR) technology has changed abstract science to be presented to the students with concrete image by interoperable way which has provided with new possibilities to reduce students’ cognitive load. The nature and composition of materials is an important concept to study Chemistry. However, to the middle school students, it is a great challenge for them to understand both micro and macroscopic world of the whole Chemistry. This study has designed a periodical table based on AR to develop a course of Chemistry changes with interoperation. The study has implemented an experiment targeting on learners to study and research students’ learning effects by applying AR technology and how it affects them in learning Chemistry. The result indicates that AR technology can be integrated with teacher’s teaching, which has made the students’ learning attitudes become positive. By way of interoperation to learn, students’ grades have been obviously more improved than those before the experiment. Through the process of the study, the researcher realizes the importance that students study knowledge in science with interactive technology and it has significant help in promoting students’ learning achievements as well as their learning motivation.

This game is a game full of action adventures. This game is designed to emphasize a 2.5D visual style. The game mainly relates to 3D roles and scene objects to create fantasies and gorgeous story and its scenarios. This game focuses on character interactive process, through switches of “white” and “shadow,” players are able to understand the world of the story. Players need to think deep how creation and destruction power can influence the game world. This game provides teenagers with different philosophical experiences.

Due to the great progress of information technology and the mature development of the multimedia technology, the computer and multimedia elements is involved in the learning materials. Recently, the due to the popularity of mobile devices, augmented reality development has become more sophisticated, more and more applications using augmented reality technology to attract the attention of the user or consumer. In this Paper, an interactive multimedia learning system with augmented reality technology is proposed to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of teaching and learning behavior.

This study attempts to probe into the impact of learners' gender on learning outcomes and motivation. A digital game focusing on the topic of emergency first aid is designed for the purpose of this present study, according to the curriculum objectives for a content-based instruction (CBI) course as part of the experiment. In the process of playing the game, learners are able to acquire both first aid knowledge and language skills at the same time. Results show that gender has no significant effect on the learning achievement, but causes significant differences in learning motivation. Learners of different genders are found to have better learning achievement through digital game-based learning. In a moderate genre digital game, female learners' motivation is significantly higher than that of male learners. The usability of the digital game in this study receives positive response from learners regardless of gender. This evaluation on usability is correlated with the findings of this study. Our analysis also demonstrates that game contents in the moderate genre reduce the effect of gender on learning achievement and motivation. Based on the above findings, this study suggests a relationship between gender and digital game-based learning and proposes avenues for further research.

In recent years, the learning tools based on AR (Augmented Reality) technology have been highly recommended to be applied in educational sites. Teachers display abstract scientific changes in specific images by applying AR technology. By way of applying AR inter-operation to enhance students' interests in learning as well as reduce their cognitive load. This study has applied AR technology to establish a virtual biological laboratory App to be provided for college freshmen to carry out biological experiments as a curriculum preview and experiencing. The content of Virtual biology laboratory App includes units such as virtual microscope, biological anatomy concept, cell division process, and frog's bones. Through the introduction of digital technology into the general biology curriculums are then emerged with AR technology so as to confer how AR technology affects students study effects and biological experimental knowledge recognition. The study has implemented an experiment in object to college freshmen and the experiment results indicate that the integration of AR technology with teaching has made students' attitude towards learning more positive. Through interactive operation and learning, students are better able to master knowledge of fundamental biological experiments. Through the process of the study, the researcher has found the importance that students study scientific knowledge with interactive technology. Consequently, the Institute has designed a virtual biology laboratory App to achieve the benefits of action learning, situational simulation and interactive experiencing.

Torrential rainfall or continuous rainfall for a certain period of time may wash out the foundation of transmission towers and cause tilt or collapse of towers. Special attentions are required for the towers locating at the feature regions such as high risk landslides, mediocre risk landslides, mudslides, dip slopes, and fault zones. The towers locating inside or in the neighborhood of these features regions in Geographic Information System are identified and given different alert limits of precipitation. Accuracy and computational speed are both put into consideration in the design of the proposed approach because vast amount of transmission towers is required to process at a time.

A method calculating the precipitation at the site of every transmission tower based on the precipitation estimation data is proposed. An inverse-distance weighting (IDW) method is modified for spatial interpolation of the precipitation data received from Central Weather Bureau. Accuracy and computational speed are both put into consideration in the design of the proposed approach because vast amount of transmission towers is required to process at a time.

Mathematics is the mother of science and is also often applied in our daily lives. However, many students always have difficulties in studying it and are little interested in it. This study is based on Math ability index of students aged from five to seven according to the field of 9-whole-year mathematics learning by Ministry of Education. It focuses on ability promotion on Geometry, Logic, questions solutions, and Graphics and Space. The content of the project mainly relates to the development of game-based interactive Apps and the software design of cross-platform mathematics learning. The result of this study indicates that the participating students are able to self-study through this software. Further, it is found by this experiment that such Math learning Apps did greatly help to enhance students' interest in learning Math and the tests have proved that through the mode of self-learning. As a result, this Math learning Apps can help a lot to enhance the effectiveness in learning and it also can become remedial teaching materials.

This present study combines augmented reality and interactive multimedia for the construction of a learning system that offers educational knowledge on butterfly metamorphosis, as we call it ARButterfly. The main purpose of designing this learning platform is to apply AR technology to produce innovative interactive learning models that are both fun and educational, creating an enriched learning experience through multimedia. With this platform, learners control the AR markers and are presented with life-like 3D objects to learn about the life cycle of butterflies. In addition, learners are given the opportunity to further observe the ecological interactions between butterflies and flowers or plants in this virtual setting. Our findings show the platform is capable of boosting students’ learning interests and improving their learning effectiveness.

With the development of educational technology, game-based learning has been gradually applied to teaching practice. This study is divided into two phases. In phase 1, systematic development process was used to develop a simulation e-learning game combining role-playing with problem-solving strategies called “Instructional Design Guidelines – Gem Quest.” This game aims to enable learners who intend to act as “game-based learning instructional designers” in e-learning industry to apply the instructional design knowledge, procedures, and project management skill they have learned, experience the practical work contexts in workplaces, and further use problem-solving strategies to complete tasks in the game before they engage in such work. This game is divided into 5 stages: raw materials, structure, storyboard, product, and online. Learners played the role as the game-based learning designers in the contexts, and had to interact and communicate with the members of various projects in the contexts to implement the projects. The conditions for stage completion and feedback mechanism of the game were designed according to the actual workplace status. Upon completion of this software, Phase 2 is an empirical study was conducted during course instruction to investigate learners’ technology acceptance and learning effectiveness of application of this game. The participants were a total of 51 sophomores of Department of Multimedia Design in a certain university in the northern Taiwan. The research results showed that, learners’ technology acceptance of this game is above the median, and there is a significant difference in their stage completion and posttest scores.

Ozonides derived from terminal alkenes reacted with 1.3 mol equiv. of stable phosphonium ylides to give ( E )-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in good to excellent yields. No reducing agent is needed in the reaction. However, alkoxyalkyl-substituted ozonides afforded a mixture of ( Z )- and ( E )-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds under similar condition. The E / Z isomeric ratio is affected by the position of the heteroatom in the substituent of the ozonides. The possible mechanism of this reaction will be discussed.