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ABSTRACT Objective Researches on the epidemiology of various respiratory pathogens at multiple testing points in the pediatric population are limited, and these are crucial for the prevention of respiratory tract infections in children. Methods We obtained 1788 upper respiratory tract swabs from children exhibiting symptoms of respiratory infection (notably fever with a body temperature exceeding 38.5°C) across five hospitals in Guangdong between November 2020 and June 2022. We used the multiplex probe amplification (MPA) PCR testing to identify 11 respiratory viruses and subsequently analyzed the prevalence characteristics of these pathogens among febrile children in hospitals. Results The overall detection rate of the pathogens was 58.1% (1039/1788). Human rhinovirus (HRV) exhibited the highest detection rate at 19.0% (339/1788), succeeded by human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), human adenovirus (HAdV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The positivity and coinfection rates were higher in children aged 5 years and below compared to those above 5 years. Moreover, a distinct pathogen spectrum was observed across different age groups. Hospitalized patients demonstrated a significantly higher positivity and coinfection rate compared to outpatients. During COVID‐2019, RSV appeared a counter‐seasonal trend. Conclusion Respiratory viral infections in children display distinct characteristics concerning age, hospitalization status, and seasonality. Children under the age of 5 and minor patients admitted to hospitals at least be tested for RSV, HRV, HPIV, and HAdV. The epidemiological patterns of RSV in the post‐epidemic period require ongoing surveillance.

IntroductionAs a malignant hematological disease, the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has exhibited an upward trend in recent years. Nevertheless, certain limitations persist in the treatment of AML. Sperm-associated antigen 6 (SPAG6) has been implicated in the onset and progression of various human cancers, with its expression levels significantly elevated in AML. Consequently, we undertook a series of experiments to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of SPAG6 in AML cell lines.MethodsIn the in vitro experiments of this study, DEPs and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis subsequent to SPAG6 down-regulation were detected by TMT. CCK8 was employed to determine cell viability. The levels of apoptosis and ROS were measured by flow cytometry. In the in vivo experiments, a xenografted tumor model was constructed, and the expression of SPAG6 and GSTP1 in tumor tissues was detected by IHC.ResultsUltimately, our findings indicated that over-expression of SPAG6 promoted cell growth and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde levels. Furthermore, SPAG6 knockdown was found to diminish mitochondrial membrane potential and facilitate cell apoptosis. In vivo, SPAG6 could also promote tumor growth, suggesting that SPAG6 may serve as a pro-tumor factor. In addition, daunorubicin (DNR) may cause oxidative stress and initiate apoptosis, resulting in oxidative damage to AML cells. However, the overexpression of SPAG6 may attenuate the efficacy of DNR. This was due to SPAG6 promoted GSTP1 expression, thereby reducing ROS levels. Simultaneously, the elevation of GSTP1 and JNK complex may reduce the expression of p-JNK and inhibit the activation of JNK pathway, which might inhibit cell apoptosis.DiscussionIn conclusion, our experiments suggested that upregulated SPAG6 might mitigate the pro-apoptotic effects of DNR through ROS/JNK MAPK axis in a GSTP1-dependent manner.

Abstract Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, and chemotherapy is the main treatment for advanced gastric cancer. However, chemotherapy resistance leads to treatment failure and poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major challenge that needs to be overcome in chemotherapy. According to recent research, ferroptosis activation is crucial for tumor therapeutic strategies. In this work, we explored the solution to chemoresistance in gastric cancer by investigating the effects of the Chinese medicine monomer baicalin on ferroptosis. Baicalin with different concentrations was used to treat the parent HGC27 and drug-resistant HGC27/L cells of gastric cancer. Cell viability was measured by CCK8, and synergistic effects of baicalin combined with oxaliplatin were evaluated using Synergy Finder software. The effects of baicalin on organelles and cell morphology were investigated using projective electron microscopy. Iron concentration, MDA production and GSH inhibition rate were measured by colorimetry. ROS accumulation was detected by flow cytometry. The ferroptosis-related genes (IREB2, TfR, GPX4, FTH1), P53, and SLC7A11 were analysed by Western blot, and the expression differences of the above proteins between pretreatment and pretreatment of different concentrations of baicalin, were assayed in both parental HGC27 cells and Oxaliplatin-resistant HGC27/L cells. Mechanically, Baicalin disrupted iron homeostasis and inhibits antioxidant defense, resulting in iron accumulation, lipid peroxide aggregation, and specifically targeted and activated ferroptosis by upregulating the expression of tumor suppressor gene p53, thereby activating the SLC7A11/GPX4/ROS pathway mediated by it. Baicalin activates ferroptosis through multiple pathways and targets, thereby inhibiting the viability of oxaliplatin-resistant gastric cancer HGC27/L cells and enhancing the sensitivity to oxaliplatin chemotherapy.

BackgroundThe HIV infection status among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China is a cause for concern. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) serves as a highly effective biomedical preventive measure against HIV infection. Substantial evidence has established an association between PEP utilization and risk behaviors among MSM, but whether the utilization of PEP has an impact on risk behaviors remains unknown. This study sought to elucidate the impact of PEP usage on risk behaviors among MSM and provide recommendations for developing targeted HIV prevention programs.MethodsA cohort study was conducted in Qingdao, China, from April 2021 to January 2022. Participants were enlisted by volunteers from community-based organizations through a snowball sampling method. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect sociodemographic and behavioral information of participants. The study encompassed a retrospective investigation, baseline survey, and follow-up survey, representing periods before, during, and after PEP usage, respectively. Generalized estimating equations, fitting a Poisson regression model, were applied to scrutinize changes in risk behaviors of MSM during and after PEP usage, in comparison to before PEP usage.ResultsA total of 341 MSM were recruited in the cohort study, with 179 individuals completing the follow-up survey. In comparison to before PEP usage, there was a significant increase in the proportion of Rush Popper usage (17.6% vs. 23.8% vs. 29.6%) and commercial sexual partners (10.9% vs. 17.6% vs. 21.8%) among MSM during and after PEP usage. Before PEP usage, 88.7% of MSM reported having ≥3 temporary sexual partners in the last 6 months. This proportion exhibited no significant change during PEP usage (91.8%), but it significantly increased to 97.8% after PEP usage (P < 0.05). Notably, there was a significant decrease in group sex during and after PEP usage compared to before PEP usage (30.8% vs. 21.4% vs. 21.2%).ConclusionThe utilization of PEP may impact risk behaviors among MSM, potentially leading to increased Rush Popper usage, temporary sexual partners, and commercial sexual partners after PEP usage, accompanied by a decrease in group sex. Further research is imperative to elucidate the impact of PEP utilization on MSM and develop targeted HIV prevention programs.

Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the prognosis and pharmacological therapy sensitivity of epithelial mesenchymal transition-related genes (EMTRGs) that obtained from the EMTome database in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using bioinformatical method. The expression status of EMTRGs were also investigated using the clinical information of HCC patients supported by TCGA database and the ICGC database to establish the TCGA cohort as the training set and the ICGC cohort as the validation set. Analyze the EMTRGs between HCC tissue and liver tissue in the TCGA cohort in the order of univariate COX regression, LASSO regression, and multivariate COX regression, and construct a risk model for EMTRGs. In addition, enrichment pathways, gene mutation status, immune infiltration, and response to drugs were also analyzed in the high-risk and low-risk groups of the TCGA cohort, and the protein expression status of EMTRGs was verified. The results showed a total of 286 differentially expressed EMTRGs in the TCGA cohort, and EZH2, S100A9, TNFRSF11B, SPINK5, and CCL21 were used for modeling. The TCGA cohort was found to have a worse outcome in the high-risk group of HCC patients, and the ICGC cohort confirmed this finding. In addition, EMTRGs risk score was shown to be an independent prognostic factor in both cohorts by univariate and multivariate COX regression. The results of GSEA analysis showed that most of the enriched pathways in the high-risk group were associated with tumor, and the pathways enriched in the low-risk group were mainly associated with metabolism. Patients in various risk groups had varying immunological conditions, and the high-risk group might benefit more from targeted treatments. To sum up, the EMTRGs risk model was developed to forecast the prognosis for HCC patients, and the model might be useful in assisting in the choice of treatment drugs for HCC patients.

Traffic flow prediction is one of the challenges in the development of an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Accurate traffic flow prediction helps to alleviate urban traffic congestion and improve urban traffic efficiency, which is crucial for promoting the synergistic development of smart transportation and smart cities. With the development of deep learning, many deep neural networks have been proposed to address this problem. However, due to the complexity of traffic maps and external factors, such as sports events, these models cannot perform well in long-term prediction. In order to enhance the accuracy and robustness of the model on long-term time series prediction, a Graph Attention Informer (GAT-Informer) structure is proposed by combining the graph attention layer and informer layer to capture the intrinsic features and external factors in spatial–temporal correlation. The external factors are represented as sports events impact factors. The GAT-Informer model was tested on real-world data collected in London, and the experimental results showed that our model has better performance in long-term traffic flow prediction compared to other baseline models.

BackgroundMen who have sex with men (MSM) have a high prevalence of HIV and a low rate of HIV testing in China. HIV self-testing (HIVST) presents a viable strategy for expanding HIV testing among MSM. However, the impact of HIVST on risk behaviors among MSM remains controversial. Our study sought to ascertain this impact.MethodsFrom April 2021 to January 2022, a mixed-methods study was conducted in Qingdao City, employing both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The quantitative component entailed a cohort study among MSM who had used HIVST. Generalized estimating equations fitting Poisson regressions were used to analyze the changes in risk behaviors of MSM in short time after HIVST (ST-HIVST) and longer time after HIVST (LT-HIVST) compared to before HIVST. Subsequently, we conducted in-depth interviews with 18 MSM who completed the follow-up to delve deeper into the impact of HIVST on MSM.ResultsA total of 410 MSM were recruited in the cohort, of whom 83 were lost to follow-up. Compared to before HIVST, there were no significant changes in risk behaviors in ST-HIVST (p > 0.05), while the proportion of recreational drugs abuse (20.7% vs. 33.3%), commercial sex (14.6% vs. 22.9%), and unprotected anal sex (95.9% vs. 98.5%) increased significantly in LT-HIVST (p

BackgroundThe RESCUE BT2 trial recently showcased the efficacy of tirofiban in treating acute ischemic stroke (AIS) without large or medium-sized vessel occlusion. To further assess the value of tirofiban from the perspectives of Chinese and US healthcare system, a study was conducted to evaluate its cost-effectiveness.MethodsA hybrid model, integrating a short-term decision tree with a long-term Markov model, was developed to assess cost-effectiveness between tirofiban and aspirin for stroke patients without large or medium-sized vessel occlusion. Efficacy data for tirofiban was sourced from the RESCUE BT2 trial, while cost information was derived from published papers. Outcomes measured included respective cost, effectiveness, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). We conducted a one-way sensitivity analysis to assess the robustness of the results. Additionally, we performed probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) through 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the uncertainties associated with the results.ResultsThe study revealed that tirofiban treatment in AIS patients without large or medium-sized vessel occlusion led to a considerable reduction of 2141 Chinese Yuan (CNY) in total cost, along with a lifetime gain of 0.14 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). In the US settings, tirofiban also exhibited a lower cost ($197,055 versus $201,984) and higher effectiveness (4.15 QALYs versus 4.06 QALYs) compared to aspirin. One-way sensitivity analysis revealed that post-stroke care costs and stroke utility had the greatest impact on ICER fluctuation in both Chinese and US settings. However, these variations did not exceed the willingness-to-pay threshold. PSA demonstrated tirofiban's superior acceptability over aspirin in over 95% of potential scenarios.ConclusionTirofiban treatment for AIS without large or medium-sized vessel occlusion appeared dominant compared to aspirin in both China and the US.

The suspension system is a crucial part of an electric vehicle, which directly affects its handling performance, driving comfort, and driving safety. The dynamics of the 8-DoF full-vehicle suspension with seat active control are established based on rigid-body dynamics, and the time-domain stochastic excitation model of four tires is constructed by the filtered white noise method. The suspension dynamics model and road surface model are constructed on the Matlab/Simulink simulation software platform, and the simulation study of the dynamic characteristics of active suspension based on the fractional-order PIλDμ control strategy is carried out. The three performance indicators of acceleration, suspension dynamic deflection, and tire dynamic displacement are selected to construct the fitness function of the genetic algorithm, and the structural parameters of the fractional-order PIλDμ controller are optimized using the genetic algorithm. The control effect of the optimized fractional-order PIλDμ controller based on the genetic algorithm is analyzed by comparing the integer-order PID control suspension and passive suspension. The simulation results show that for optimized fractional-order PID control suspension, compared with passive suspension, the average optimization of the root mean square (RMS) of acceleration under random road conditions reaches over 25%, the average optimization of suspension dynamic deflection exceeds 30%, and the average optimization of tire dynamic displacement is 5%. However, compared to the integer-order PID control suspension, the average optimization of the root mean square (RMS) of acceleration under random road conditions decreased by 5%, the average optimization of suspension dynamic deflection increased by 3%, and the average optimization of tire dynamic displacement increased by 2%.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the efficacy and economic effect of endovascular treatment (EVT) combined with standard medical treatment (SMT) vs. SMT alone in Chinese patients with basilar artery occlusion (BAO) from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system.MethodsWe conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis using the results from a meta-analysis comparing EVT and SMT efficacy in Chinese patients with BAO-induced stroke using direct medical costs from the China National Stroke Registry. The meta-analysis’s primary outcome was excellent functional outcome (mRS scores of 0–2), with secondary outcomes being poor functional outcome (mRS scores of 3–5) and death (mRS score of 6). To compare EVT plus SMT’s cost-effectiveness with that of SMT alone, we constructed a combined decision tree and Markov model with a lifetime duration and a 3-month cycle length. The primary cost-effectiveness outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), representing the incremental cost per incremental quality-adjusted life year (QALY). EVT was considered cost-effective if the ICER was lower than the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of three times the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in 2021 in China; otherwise, it would not be cost-effective.ResultsThe meta-analysis results indicated that EVT could increase the incidence of excellent functional outcomes, with a risk ratio (RR) of 2.23 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.18–4.21), p = 0.01. Simultaneously, EVT reduced the risk of poor functional outcome and mortality in the EVT group, with RRs of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.67–1.03), p = 0.09, and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.59–0.85), p = 0.0002, respectively. The study also found that EVT plus SMT resulted in a lifetime effectiveness of 2.15 QALY (3.88 life years) for 32,213 international dollars (Intl.$) per patient with BAO. In contrast, SMT alone achieved an effectiveness of 1.46 QALY (3.03 life years) with a total cost of Intl.$ 13,592 per patient. The ICER was Intl.$ 27,265 per QALY (Intl.$ 22,098 per life-year), which fell below the WTP threshold.ConclusionCompared to SMT, EVT improves the prognosis of BAO-induced stroke. Considering the Chinese healthcare system, adding EVT to SMT proves to be cost-effective for patients with BAO compared to SMT alone.

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies with poor prognosis, and novel treatment strategies are urgently needed. Mitochondria are key regulators of cellular homeostasis and potential targets for tumor therapy. Here, the role of mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) in the regulation of ferroptosis and antitumor immunity is investigated and the potential therapeutic implications for HCC are assessed. TSPO is highly expressed in HCC and associated with poor prognosis. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments present that TSPO promotes HCC cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. In addition, TSPO inhibits ferroptosis in HCC cells via enhancing the Nrf2‐dependent antioxidant defense system. Mechanistically, TSPO directly interacts with P62 and interferes with autophagy, leading to the accumulation of P62. The P62 accumulation competes with KEAP1, preventing it from targeting Nrf2 for proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, TSPO promotes HCC immune escape by upregulating PD‐L1 expression through Nrf2‐mediated transcription. Notably, TSPO inhibitor PK11195 combines with anti‐PD‐1 antibody showing a synergistic anti‐tumor effect in a mouse model. Overall, the results demonstrated that mitochondrial TSPO promotes HCC progression by inhibiting ferroptosis and antitumor immunity. Targeting TSPO can be a promising new strategy for HCC treatment.

In order to effectively prevent and control the impact of reclamation activities on the marine ecological environment, according to the relevant technical guidelines, taking the pressure of habitat, organisms and ecosystem as the index, and based on the survey results of marine ecological environment, this paper evaluated the cumulative impact of reclamation projects on the stability of Meizhou Bay ecosystem, and put forward some suggestions. The results showed that with the increasing intensity of reclamation activities, the marine ecological environment of Meizhou Bay deteriorated significantly from 2010 to 2013, and the stability index of the bay ecosystem showed a downward trend, reaching the degree of serious damage since 2012. We should strictly control the large-scale reclamation activities in Meizhou Bay, focus on the habitat restoration of fishery resources and benthos, and optimize the assignment of primary productivity in the technical guidelines.

The driving smoothness of vehicles is heavily influenced by their suspension system, and implementing active suspension control can effectively minimize the vibration movement of the vehicle and ensure a comfortable driving experience. An 8-DoF active suspension model of the full vehicle is established, and a fuzzy-PID controller is designed to autonomously regulate the parameters of the PID controller. Using the MATLAB/Simulink environment, a simulation model for suspension is created, and the vibration characteristics of passive, PID control, and fuzzy-PID control suspensions are compared with the help of the continuous crossing road hump model and C-level road model as road inputs. The results show that the utilization of fuzzy-PID control considerably diminishes the vertical, pitch, and roll oscillations of the suspension body and modifies the suspension dynamic deflection and tire dynamic load in contrast to the other two scenarios, thus enhancing ride comfort. Fuzzy-PID control led to a decrease of approximately 40% in acceleration, 25% in suspension workspace, and 30% in tire deflection compared to passive suspension. In addition, the reduction in acceleration is about 20%, the reduction in suspension workspace is approximately 10%, and the reduction in tire deflection is about 15% compared to the PID control suspension system.

BackgroundIntracranial rescue stenting (RS) might be an option for acute ischemic stroke after the failure of mechanical thrombectomy (MT). However, the findings were not consistent in previous systematic reviews, and whether the conclusion was supported by sufficient statistical power is unknown.AimTo examine the effect of RS on acute ischemic stroke after the failure of MT with a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis (TSA).MethodsWe searched Ovid Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception to 15 June 2022, without any language restriction. Studies assessing the effect of RS for acute ischemia stroke after MT failure were included. Two reviewers independently screened the retrieved articles, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the included studies through the New Ottawa Scale (NOS). The primary outcome was the recanalization rate after RS. Secondary outcomes included modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months after stroke, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and mortality rate. We synthesized the data through a random-effects model and performed a TSA analysis.ResultsWe included 15 studies (containing 1,595 participants) after screening 3,934 records. The pooled recanalization rate for rescue stenting was 82% (95% CI 77–87%). Compared with non-stenting, rescue stenting was associated with a higher proportion of patients with 0–2 mRS score (OR 3.96, 95% CI 2.69–5.84, p < 0.001) and a lower 90-day mortality rate (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.32–0.65, p < 0.001), and stenting did not increase sICH rate (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.39–1.04, p = 0.075). The TSA analysis showed that the meta-analysis of the mRS score had a sufficient sample size and statistical power.ConclusionsOur study showed that rescue stenting was effective and safe for patients with acute ischemia stroke who also had a failed MT, and this result was confirmed in a TSA analysis.

Depression is an independent mood disorder and one of the most common comorbidities of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Growing evidence suggests that there is two-way regulation between RA and depression, resulting in a vicious cycle of RA, depression, poor outcomes, and disease burden. The rising prevalence of RA-associated depression warrants a re-examination of the relationships between them. Here we provide an overview of the etiology and pathological mechanisms of RA-associated depression, and recent advances in treatment with biologics, which will facilitate the development of new and effective prevention and treatment strategies.

The glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) agonistic antibody (DTA-1) has been proved to elicit robust immune response in various kinds of tumors. However, only a few of the HCC patients could benefit from it, and the mechanism of DTA-1 resistance remains unknown. Here, we measured GITR expression in different immunocytes in HCC microenvironment, and we observed that tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Ti-Tregs) significantly expressed GITR, which were associated with poor prognosis. Meanwhile, we analyzed the variation of tumor-infiltrating immune components and associated inflammation response after DTA-1 treatment in orthotopic liver cancer model of mice. Surprisingly, DTA-1 treatment reduced the infiltration of Tregs but failed to activate CD8+ T cells and elicit antitumor efficacy. In particular, DTA-1 treatment enforced alternative M2 polarization of macrophage, and macrophage depletion could enhance DTA-1-mediated antitumor efficacy in HCC. Mechanistically, macrophage M2 polarization attributed to the IL-4 elevation induced by Th2 immune activation in the treatment of DTA-1, resulting in DTA-1 resistance. Furthermore, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist could diminish the macrophage (M2) polarization and reverse the M2-mediated DTA-1 resistance, eliciting robust antitumor effect in HCC. Our finding demonstrated that the TLR4 agonist synergized with DTA-1 was a potential strategy for HCC treatment.

In recent years, there has been a significant surge in the adoption of natural ventilation for building indoor spaces, garnering widespread attention. However, the research on human comfort optimization strategies closely related to the effect of natural ventilation is still relatively blank. Therefore, we have taken university laboratories as the research object and studied the use of CFD technology to construct numerical models. Based on previous research on the relevant theories of building ventilation and the impact of various air indicators on human comfort, we simulate the indoor airflow organization of buildings, and propose reasonable optimization design strategies based on simulation results and analysis conclusions. Compared to other studies on NV, we propose a completely new indicator, the Average rate of change in air age (ARCA), to assess the rate of improvement in air age. The results show that compared with the wind environment under basic conditions, the optimization strategy proposed by us increases the wind speed area suitable for human beings by about 14.3%, and reduces ARCA by about 53.3% at most.

Abstract Background Cyclin-dependent kinases 2/4/6 (CDK2/4/6) play critical roles in cell cycle progression, and their deregulations are hallmarks of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods We used the combination of computational and experimental approaches to discover a CDK2/4/6 triple-inhibitor from FDA approved small-molecule drugs for the treatment of HCC. Results We identified vanoxerine dihydrochloride as a new CDK2/4/6 inhibitor, and a strong cytotoxicdrugin human HCC QGY7703 and Huh7 cells (IC50: 3.79 μM for QGY7703and 4.04 μM for Huh7 cells). In QGY7703 and Huh7 cells, vanoxerine dihydrochloride treatment caused G1-arrest, induced apoptosis, and reduced the expressions of CDK2/4/6, cyclin D/E, retinoblastoma protein (Rb), as well as the phosphorylation of CDK2/4/6 and Rb. Drug combination study indicated that vanoxerine dihydrochloride and 5-Fu produced synergistic cytotoxicity in vitro in Huh7 cells. Finally, in vivo study in BALB/C nude mice subcutaneously xenografted with Huh7 cells, vanoxerine dihydrochloride (40 mg/kg, i.p.) injection for 21 days produced significant anti-tumor activity (p

Objective. How to preserve the inferior parathyroid gland (IPTG) in situ during central neck dissection (CND) is the major concern of thyroid surgeons. The “layer of thymus-blood vessel-IPTG” (TBP layer) concept showed to be effective in preserving IPTG. The objective of this study was to identify the origin and course of blood supply to IPTG (IPBS) within the TBP layer and to take key points of operation during CND. Design. This is a retrospective control study. Participants. Patients who underwent thyroidectomy plus CND using the TBP layer concept and conventional technique between 2017 and 2019 were enrolled. Measurements. The origin and course of IPBS in relation to recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and thymus and prevalence of hypoparathyroidism were detected. Results. A total of 71.3% of IPTGs (251 of 352) were supplied by ITA branches, defined as type A. Type A was further divided into Types A1 (branches of ITA, coursing laterally to the RLN (53.1%, 187 of 352)) and A2 (branches of ITA, traversing medially to the RLN (18.2%, 64 of 352)). Type A2 was more common on the right side than on the left side (P

Electric Vehicle (EV) charging demand and charging station availability forecasting is one of the challenges in the intelligent transportation system. With accurate EV station availability prediction, suitable charging behaviors can be scheduled in advance to relieve range anxiety. Many existing deep learning methods have been proposed to address this issue; however, due to the complex road network structure and complex external factors, such as points of interest (POIs) and weather effects, many commonly used algorithms can only extract the historical usage information and do not consider the comprehensive influence of external factors. To enhance the prediction accuracy and interpretability, the Attribute-Augmented Spatiotemporal Graph Informer (AST-GIN) structure is proposed in this study by combining the Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) layer and the Informer layer to extract both the external and internal spatiotemporal dependence of relevant transportation data. The external factors are modeled as dynamic attributes by the attributeaugmented encoder for training. The AST-GIN model was tested on the data collected in Dundee City, and the experimental results showed the effectiveness of our model considering external factors’ influence on various horizon settings compared with other baselines.

Even with the ubiquitous sensing data in intelligent transportation systems, such as the mobile sensing of vehicle trajectories, traffic estimation is still faced with the data missing problem due to the detector faults or limited number of probe vehicles as mobile sensors. Such data missing issue poses an obstacle for many further explorations, e.g., the link-based traffic status modeling. Although many studies have focused on tackling this kind of problem, existing studies mainly focus on the situation in which data are missing at random and ignore the distinction between links of missing data. In the practical scenario, traffic speed data are always missing not at random (MNAR). The distinction for recovering missing data on different links has not been studied yet. In this paper, we propose a general linear model based on probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA) for solving MNAR traffic speed data imputation. Furthermore, we propose a metric, i.e., Pearson score (p-score), for distinguishing links and investigate how the model performs on links with different p-score values. Experimental results show that the new model outperforms the typically used PPCA model, and missing data on links with higher p-score values can be better recovered.

The capacity of highways has been an ever-present constraint in the 21st century, bringing about the issue of safety with greater likelihoods of traffic accidents occurring. Furthermore, recent global oil prices have inflated to record levels. A potential solution lies in vehicular platooning, which has been garnering attention, but its deployment is uncommon due to cyber security concerns. One particular concern is a Sybil attack, by which the admission of fake virtual vehicles into the platoon allows malicious actors to wreak havoc on the platoon itself. In this paper, we propose a secure management scheme for platoons that can protect major events that occur in the platoon operations against Sybil attacks. Both vehicle identity and message exchanged are authenticated by adopting key exchange, digital signature and encryption schemes based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). Noteworthy features of the scheme include providing perfect forward secrecy and both group forward and backward secrecy to preserve the privacy of vehicles and platoons. Typical malicious attacks such as replay and man-in-the-middle attacks for example can also be resisted. A formal evaluation of the security functionality of the scheme by the Canetti–Krawczyk (CK) adversary and the random oracle model as well as a brief computational verification by CryptoVerif were conducted. Finally, the performance of the proposed scheme was evaluated to show its time and space efficiency.

The present study extracted total saponins from quinoa husks with pressurized hot water extraction and optimized the extraction conditions. The response surface methodology (RSM) with a Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to investigate the effects of extraction flow rate, extraction temperature and extraction time on the extraction yield of total saponins. A maximal yield of 23.06 mg/g was obtained at conditions of 2 mL/min, 210 °C and 50 min. The constituents of the extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). A total of twenty-three compounds were identified, including five flavonoids, seventeen triterpenoid saponins and a phenolic acid. Moreover, we performed an in vitro assay for the α-glucosidase activity and found a stronger inhibitory effect of the quinoa husk extracts than acarbose, suggesting its potential to be developed into functional products with hypoglycemic effect. Finally, our molecular docking analyses indicated triterpenoid saponins as the main bioactive components.

It is a great challenge to find an optimal one-wafer cyclic schedule for a single-arm multicluster tool that is widely adopted in semiconductor fabrication. Aiming to tackle this significant problem, an optimal scheduling strategy is determined first for each individual tool under the condition that the bottleneck individual tool is transport-bound. Then, by developing a Petri net model with robot waiting being explicitly described to reveal the properties of the entire system, this paper shows that to schedule such a tool optimally is to allocate the robot waiting time properly. Then, this paper presents the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of an optimal one-wafer cyclic schedule. Thereafter, an efficient algorithm is developed to check the given conditions and find such a schedule efficiently if existing. Finally, two industrial examples are used to verify that the proposed method is applicable and effective.

Customers pay significant attention to the organoleptic and physicochemical attributes of their food with the improvement of their living standards. In this work, near infrared hyperspectral technology was used to evaluate the one-color parameter, a*, firmness, and soluble solid content (SSC) of Korla fragrant pears. Moreover, iteratively retaining informative variables (IRIV) and least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) were applied together to construct evaluating models for their quality parameters. A set of 200 samples was chosen and its hyperspectral data were acquired by using a hyperspectral imaging system. Optimal spectral preprocessing methods were selected to obtain out partial least square regression models (PLSRs). The results show that the combination of multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and Savitsky-Golay (S-G) is the most effective spectral preprocessing method to evaluate the quality parameters of the fruit. Different characteristic wavelengths were selected to evaluate the a* value, the firmness, and the SSC of the Korla fragrant pears, respectively, after the 6 iterations. These values were obtained via IRIV and the reverse elimination method. The correlation coefficients of the validation set of the a* value, the firmness, and the SSC measure 0.927, 0.948, and 0.953, respectively. Furthermore, the values of the regression error weight, γ, and the kernel function parameter, σ2, for the same parameters measure (8.67 × 104, 1.21 × 103), (1.45 × 104, 2.93 × 104), and (2.37 × 105, 3.80 × 103), respectively. This study demonstrates that the combination of LS-SVM and IRIV can be used to evaluate the a* value, the firmness, and the SSC of Korla fragrant pears to define their grade.

Abstract Background Liver transplantation is an effective therapy for end‐stage liver diseases and acute liver failure. After the operation, however, recipients may suffer grafts loss induced by alloimmune reaction, which is termed as acute allograft rejection. The interaction between costimulatory molecules, CD276, and its ligand, TREML2, promotes T cell‐mediated immune response, as well as acute or chronic allograft rejection. Our research aimed at correlating genetic polymorphisms of CD276/TREML2 with acute rejection, and evaluating its prognostic value of acute rejection after liver transplantation. Methods The study enrolled a total of 388 recipients. Among them, acute allograft rejection was observed in 54 cases. We performed single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping of CD276, including rs11072431, rs11574495, rs12593558, rs12594627, rs2127015, rs3816661 and rs7176654, and TREML2, including rs4714431, rs6915083, rs7754593, and rs9394767 from preoperative peripheral blood genome DNA. Results We found rs2127015 of CD276, rs6915083 and rs7754593 of TREML2, and HBV infection as well were associated with acute rejection. And, rs2127015 influences CD276 expression. Moreover, we established a risk assessment model, composited by statistically proved risk factors. Conclusion By integrating both clinical and genetic variables, liver transplant recipients can be categorized into different risk groups, and might benefit from individualized therapies.

Background: Patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China are commonly prescribed ipratropium plus theophylline (I+T) therapy. Studies have shown that an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/long-acting β 2 -agonist (LABA) combination is also efficacious in reducing symptoms and exacerbations. This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of adding budesonide/formoterol (BUD/FORM) to I+T in Chinese patients with severe COPD. Methods: A randomized, parallel-group, open-label, multicenter phase IV study (Clinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT01415518) was conducted in China. Patients received either BUD/FORM (160/4.5 µg; two inhalations twice daily [bid] via Turbuhaler ® ) + I (20 µg per inhalation, two inhalations four times daily) + T (100 mg bid) or I+T alone for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy variable was change from baseline in predose forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ). Results: A total of 584 patients were randomized equally between treatment groups. At the end of the study, the BUD/FORM plus I+T group displayed significant improvements in predose FEV 1 versus the I+T group (between-group difference 6.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.3, 9.6; p < 0.0001). Forced vital capacity, inspiratory capacity, peak expiratory flow and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores were significantly improved (all p

The design of innovative reference aspheric and freeform optical elements was investigated with the aim of calibration and verification of ultra-high accurate measurement systems. The verification is dedicated to form error analysis of aspherical and freeform optical surfaces based on minimum zone fitting. Two thermo-invariant material measures were designed, manufactured using a magnetorheological finishing process and selected for the evaluation of a number of ultra-high-precision measurement machines. All collected data sets were analysed using the implemented robust reference minimum zone (Hybrid Trust Region) fitting algorithm to extract the values of form error. Agreement among the results of several partners was observed, which demonstrates the establishment of a traceable reference full metrology chain for aspherical and freeform optical surfaces with small amplitudes.

AIM: To find better ways of treating ocular alkali burn, and to reduce the suffering of patients and social burden.METHODS:Totally 100 patients were graded according to the degree of chemical burns to four major groups, each half were randomly divided into the control group and the treatment group. Control group underwent conventional treatment. In addition to conventional therapy, patients in each treatment group were also added a Breviscapine intravenous injection of 40mg daily. Corneal recovery time, changes in vision, degree of corneal opacity, number of corneal neovascularization and other complications were observed. Curative effects were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in level Ⅰ group between control group and treatment group(P>0.05); There were significantly different in level Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ group(PPCONCLUSION: Breviscapine in the treatment of ocular alkali burns can shorten the course of treatment, reduce corneal scarring, and improve vision.

Cholestatic liver fibrosis was achieved by bile duct ligation (BDL) in mice. Liver injury associated with BDL for 15 days included significant reactive oxygen/nitrogen species generation, liver inflammation, cell death and fibrosis. Administration of Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate (EGCG) in animals reduced liver fibrosis involving parenchymal cells in BDL model. EGCG attenuated BDL-induced gene expression of pro-fibrotic markers (Collagen, Fibronectin, alpha 2 smooth muscle actin or SMA and connective tissue growth factor or CTGF), mitochondrial oxidative stress, cell death marker (DNA fragmentation and PARP activity), NFκB activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, MIP1α, IL1β, and MIP2). EGCG also improved BDL induced damages of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes and antioxidant defense enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase and manganese superoxide dismutase. EGCG also attenuated hydrogen peroxide induced cell death in hepatocytes in vitro and alleviate stellate cells mediated fibrosis through TIMP1, SMA, Collagen 1 and Fibronectin in vitro. In conclusion, the reactive oxygen/nitrogen species generated from mitochondria plays critical pathogenetic role in the progression of liver inflammation and fibrosis and this study indicate that EGCG might be beneficial for reducing liver inflammation and fibrosis.