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Financial literacy is a way to maintainability and has an utmost vital part in guaranteeing the financial supportability of people, families, ventures, and national economies. The level of these financial pointers, such as obligation, investment funds, and budgetary administration, all interpret into success or bankruptcy and insolvency and result mostly from financial literacy. The higher the level of financial literacy, particularly of youthful individuals, the more positive the level of the financial market will be deciphered into the economy and feasible advancements. This research paper audits what we have accumulated with respect to financial literacy and its relationship to financial decision-making within the Philippines. In this study, researchers aim to determine the effects of being able to provide financial literacy to rural areas, specifically from the MIMAROPA region. In addition, through this study, researchers would be able to identify whether or not people in rural areas are financially literate to be able to determine if they are able to handle their money effectively. Utilizing the main research problem, we comprehensively studied the state of financial literacy within the region of MIMAROPA and decided whether they have the elemental information of economics and funds required to operate as successful decision-makers. We discover that levels of financial literacy are at stake within the confines of the region and counting those with well-developed financial markets. Additionally, the financial-related absence of education is especially intense for a few statistical groups, particularly women and the less-educated sector. These discoveries are critical since financial literacy is connected to borrowing, sparing, and investing system frameworks. The design utilized is a quantitative research method that endeavours to gather quantifiable data for factual examination of the population sample. It is an affluent market research instrument that permits us to cumulate and portray the statistical segment's nature. Based on the results of the online survey, findings showed that average income and average savings have little bearing on financial literacy, whereas educational attainment and marital status do.

The use of various software platforms in the daily operation of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) like Labomed Incorporated makes companies less efficient due to the cumbersome tasks of switching from one program to another. This project has developed a dedicated Information System (IS) that has the features that the company needs to operate efficiently. An analysis of the company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) was conducted to help with the project development. Based on the user testings and surveys administered, the theory is that SMEs must design and implement their very own IS to attain improved business processes. This study emphasizes that SMEs don't need to be stagnant and rely on just using their accustomed software but rather to be undaunted in taking risks in creating their own IS.

Background: Wound healing in chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), is impaired due to dysregulated inflammation. Innate immune cells, particularly macrophages, play a significant role in regulated inflammation following tissue injury. After injury, CCR2+ monocytes are recruited to the peripheral wound. This recruitment is mediated in part by the CCR2 ligand, CCL2. Thus, we hypothesized that the CCL2/CCR2 interaction is vital for normal wound healing and appropriate inflammation, and that this signaling cascade is impaired in T2D. Methods: CCR2 -/- mice and littermate controls underwent 4mm hindlimb wounds, and wound closure was compared daily. Wound macrophages (CD3-CD19-NK1.1-CD11b+ cells) were analyzed on day 3 by flow cytometry for intracellular cytokine production. Adoptive transfer was performed using blood CD11b+ cells from WT C57BL/6 or CCR2 -/- mice isolated by magnetic sorting and transferred into CCR2 -/- mice via tail vein injection. Mice were then wounded and wound closure was compared between the two groups. C57BL/6 mice were maintained on normal or high fat diet for 12-14 weeks, wounds were created, and CD11b+ cells were isolated from wounds on day 2. ELISA for CCL2 was performed. Results: CCR2 -/- mice showed significantly impaired wound healing on days 2-7 compared with littermate controls. Macrophages isolated on day 3 from wounds of CCR2 -/- mice expressed significantly less inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) by qPCR. Flow cytometry analysis revealed less Ly6C hi macrophages in the wounds, as well as macrophages that made significantly less IL-1β, NOS2, and TNF-α. When adoptive transfer was performed, wound healing was restored to normal in the mice that received WT compared to those that received CCR2 -/- CD11b+ cells (P< 0.01). Since CCR2 is important for normal wound inflammation, and we have previously shown that inflammation is impaired in the diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, we examined CCL2 in DIO wounds. CCL2 was significantly decreased in DIO wound macrophages on day 2. Conclusion: Appropriate CCR2/CCL2 interaction plays a crucial role in macrophage recruitment and regulated inflammation in normal wound healing. Impairment in CCR2/CCL2 signaling may be responsible, in part, for delayed early inflammation in T2D.

This study documents the timing of invasion, and initial settlement rates, density and biomass of zebra mussels in Lake Simcoe. Pumped water samples, multi-plate tower samplers, and scuba and benthic airlift surveys were used to sample veligers, post-veligers, juveniles and adult mussels. Veligers were first detected (12 veligers/m 3 ) at one site during August 1992, and again at three sites (6–22 veligers/m 3 ) during August 1994. During July–August 1995 veliger density increased to 12,668–52,480 veligers/m 3 at three main basin sites. Low densities of post-veligers (292–1129 individuals/m 2 ) were observed on the multi-plate samplers in the main basin during summer 1994. Post-veliger densities increased by 2–3 orders of magnitude during summer 1995. Peak settlement occurred during July–August in both 1994 and 1995. During mid June to mid August, 1995 we estimated 11,249–31,477 settlers/m 2 /day for sites in the main basin but only 140 and 277 settlers/m 2 /day in Cook's Bay and Kempenfelt Bay. Growth rates of post-veligers on the tower plates were highest at the low density sites. Juvenile mussels were first detected (27–160 mussels/m 2 ) on natural rock substrates during scuba and airlift surveys at 2–6 m in the main basin in December 1994 and March 1995. Two year-classes of zebra mussels, 1994 and 1995, were subsequently observed on rocky substrates in the main basin during February 1996. Juveniles comprised 98.0 ± 1.8% of the population at that time. The mean density at depths of 2–6 m was 32,529 zebra mussels/m 2 with a mean shell-free dry biomass of 34.8 g/m 2 .

Facing a classroom of students with a plethora of academic and social needs, this fifth-grade teacher recognizes an obligation to analyze his teaching approach.

Pigeons' keypecking was maintained under two- and three-component chained schedules of food presentation. The component schedules were all fixed-interval schedules of either 1- or 2-min duration. Across conditions the presence of houselight illumination within each component schedule was manipulated. For each pigeon, first-component response rates increased significantly when the houselight was extinguished in the first component and illuminated in the second. The results suggest that the increase was not the result of disinhibition or modification of stimulus control by component stimuli, but appears to result from the reinforcement of responding by the onset of illumination in the second component. Additionally, the apparent reinforcing properties of houselight illumination resulted neither from association of the houselight with the terminal component of the chained schedule nor through generalization of the hopper illumination present during food presentation. The results of the present series of experiments are related to previous demonstrations of illumination-reinforced responding and to the interpretation of data from experiments employing houselight illumination as stimuli associated with timeout or brief stimuli in second-order schedules.

Located near the Tampa Bay area in southwestern Florida, the Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (LECOM) at Bradenton is a new 109,000 ft 2 (10,130 m2), innovative, problem-based learning facility for 600 medical students. Built at a price of 25 million, the all-precast concrete, three-story structure was delivered in a very compressed schedule, with medical students arriving for classes in September 2004, only 14 months from the onset of design. Planning and building LECOM from the outside in toward the center, a rapid delivery team made maximum use of economies of precast concrete prefabrication, production, and erection schemes. This precast concrete solution proved superior to cast-in-place concrete and structural steel alternatives in aesthetic appeal, total project cost, structural durability, and particularly in its remarkably rapid completion. With white-aggregate concrete encompassing a blue central skylight, this impressive medical education center offers state-of-the-art wireless classrooms and forensic laboratories in a striking facility that is both architecturally beautiful and thoroughly modern.

Epigenetic regulation of macrophages can alter their function and impact tissue inflammation and wound repair. Unregulated inflammation at the wound level in inflammatory diseases like type 2 diabetes (T2D) leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Recent work by our group and others has shown that chromatin-modifying enzymes influence inflammatory gene expression in macrophages and other immune cells. Here we show that Setdb2, a histone methyltransferase, is induced in macrophages during the inflammatory phase of wound healing. Specifically, Setdb2 repressed expression of NF-κB-induced inflammatory genes, including IL-1B. This coincided with occupancy by Setdb2 at the IL-1B promoter, which in the absence of Setdb2 displayed diminished trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3) in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM). Mice with the inability to upregulate setdb2 in their macrophages (Setdb2f/fLyz2cre+) demonstrated impaired healing during the inflammatory phase of wound healing. This corresponded with decreased H3K9me3 at the promoter of IL-1B and other inflammatory genes in macrophages isolated from the wounds of these animals. Further, LPS was able to upregulate setdb2 expression in BMDM and hence TLR4 signaling may play a role in regulation of inflammation in wound tissue. This suggests that a Setdb2-mediated alteration of NF-κB pathways represents an important mechanism for successful wound healing.

In this article, we present a new development with test results on the sonar uncertainty model and the relevant processing of the interferometric bathymetry sounding data. Within a sonar sounding solution, not only an angle and time-delay pair is resolved, but quality factor, angle uncertainty and signal to noise ratio (SNR), with which the angle solution is obtained, are provided as well for the completeness of the data fields required for post processing. The goal is to generate a final sounding with registered uncertainties in three dimensions. As a result, the quality factor and SNR are applied to eliminate the low quality angle solutions due to backscatter from either multiple path or shadow area. The cleaned angle and time delay pair is then used for the estimation of the local depth, registered with the depth uncertainty derived from the angle uncertainty. The resolved depth plus its uncertainty, along with data from other sensors (IMU and SVP) and their related uncertainties, are processed by the Combined Uncertainty and Bathymetry Estimator (CUBE) [1] to generate a final mapping solution registered by a total propagated uncertainty to be checked against IHO S-44 at different order levels. From another view point, the SNR is a measurement of both the signal quality at each spatial sample and the coherence between the data streams from different bathymetric transducer receive staves. The coherence measurement is helpful to determine the valid angle apart from the nadir from which a robust sounding solution can be obtained in a full ping. It is evident that the SNR streams computed from different receiver pairs start to converge from an angle α apart from the nadir. The angle solutions within α would be considered as only fine quality due to the de-correlation introduced by different spacing among the receive staves. Conventionally, sonar manufacturers specify angles ∼35 deg to start processing the data. However, with the new capability, α is determined from real-time data and is adaptively adjusted in situ based on the bottom, depth, motion, and other acoustic environments. First, a Sonar Uncertainty Model is presented. It is a Simulink (Matlab) package composed of Sonar Simulation Toolsets (Applied Physics Lab, University of Washington, Seattle), Klein Bathymetry Engine, and statistical processing. Second, in a cooperative effort with the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping/Joint Hydrographic Center (CCOM/JHC), sea trial data has been processed to evaluate the uncertainty model. Third, a full data set collected from Portsmouth, N.H. by a Klein HydroChart 5000 has been processed by CARIS through CUBE application. Analysis results are discussed and demonstrated.

Various autonomous survey strategies exist for autonomous seafloor swath mapping with semi-submersible platforms and with benthic platforms. The sonar system described here capitalizes on these survey strategies by improving two aspects: (1) the swath coverage, and (2) the realtime sounding uncertainty management to optimize the survey effort by minimizing data gaps and redundant coverage. Improvement in swath coverage is achieved by integrating two different swath mapping sonar architectures into a hybrid sonar transmitting a single acoustic pulse (UniPulse) per ping cycle. This hybrid sonar operates at 455 kHz and comprises a custom-built multibeam echo-sounder and an L-3 Klein S5000 V2 bathymetric sidescan sonar. The overall across-track swath coverage is about 160o. The multibeam echo-sounder receiver covers a 60o sector centered at nadir, and the bathymetric sidescan sonar covers sectors extending on either side of nadir from 30o to 80o. This combination eliminates the central gap in coverage typical of bathymetric sidescan sonars, and provides a seamless acoustic backscatter image across track because the multibeam echo-sounder and the sidescan sonars receive the same transmitted pulse. A prototype of this hybrid sonar was tested at sea in April 2012, with the sonar mounted on the bow ram of a test vessel. These tests demonstrated the fully integrated bathymetry and acoustic backscatter imagery capabilities of the system at 10–25 m altitude.

Adjunctive or induced behavior is generated during a variety of schedules of reinforcement. Several theoretical conceptualizations suggest that rate of reinforcement is the primary variable controlling the strength or levels of induced behavior. The operant response requirement within the schedule context has not been extensively studied as a determinant of induced responding. In the present study, levels of induced attack by food-deprived pigeons against restrained conspecifics were compared during response-dependent and response-independent schedules of food presentation equated or yoked interval-by-interval for reinforcement frequency. Experiment 1 compared levels of attack induced by fixed-ratio schedules of key pecking and yoked "matched-time" schedules. Experiment 2 similarly compared chained fixed-ratio 1 fixed-ratio 74 and yoked chained matched-time matched-time schedules. In both experiments, the response-dependent schedules generated greater levels (amount and probability) of induced attack than the response-independent time-based schedules. Thus, the ratio response requirement may be an important determinant of levels of induced responding, and the lower levels of attack observed during the response-independent condition may not be due to the absence of stimuli predicting food presentations. It is concluded that rate of reinforcement is not the sole variable determining levels of induced responding and that response-based and time-based schedules differ in their generation of induced responding.