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Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Vertigo is a symptom defined as a feeling of movement, usually of a rotational nature of the environment (objective) or oneself (subjective), and is one of the most common reasons for visiting a doctor, both in emergency setting and on an outpatient...

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that can manifest in a wide range of forms, but the most common symptoms are fever, headache, fatigue, respiratory problems, lost sense of smell and taste, sore throat, muscle pain and malaise. In patients with COVID-19, the inflammatory response of the organism affects iron homeostasis. Severe COVID-19 infections may lead to a hyperinflammatory condition, characterised by elevated ferritin levels that correlate with the severity of the clinical course, prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay, development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and a fatal outcome. As a result of iron metabolism disorders in inflammation, decreased erythropoiesis and reduced biological activity of erythropoietin, the erythrocyte half-life is shortened, leading to anaemia of chronic inflammation. Cytokine IL-6 plays the most crucial role in regulating iron concentration. It affects iron metabolism by producing hepcidin via STAT 3. Hepcidin produces regulatory effects on iron by binding with ferroportin, the only known transmembrane iron exporter. Anaemia has long been characterised as a significant risk factor contributing to increased mortality and poorer clinical outcomes for various infections. The most severe forms of COVID-19 infection result in pneumonia, causing a reduced supply of oxygen to the circulation, ultimately leading to ischemia of vital organs. Anaemia of chronic disease is more common in COVID-19 positive patients and is associated with a poorer clinical outcome. A higher ferritin/transferrin ratio indicates an advanced inflammatory condition and may be a predictive factor of ICU admission.

Discovery of oncogenic driver mutations and precise targeted therapy directed at these mutations have resulted in progress for treatment approaches in patients with advanced lung cancer. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements are two well-known oncogenic mutations in NSCLC, particularly in adenocarcinomas, and are representative examples of successful clinical application of precision lung cancer therapy, just like the ROS1 mutation, which is less pronounced. Some of specific target therapies had a superior efficacy in the central nervous system (CNS), reducing the risk of CNS progression. The abstract is intended to demonstrate how the key members of multidisciplinary teams care for patients with NSCLC.

According to data, in Croatia lung cancer is the second most common cancer in men, and third in women. There are two groups of lung cancers: small celland, more commonly, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In about 5% of NSCLC, impaired gene expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) occurs and consequently a fusion oncogene is formed. ALK-positive NSCLC is very sensitive to ALK inhibitors andalectinib represents the first line of treatment for advanced cases.

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