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Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals. This disease is one of the most important in animal health due to its significant socio-economic impact, especially in case of an outbreak. One important challenge associated with this disease is the ability of the FMD virus (FMDV) to persist in its hosts through still unresolved underlying mechanisms. The absence of relevant in vitro models is one factor preventing advancement in our understanding of FMDV persistence. While a primary bovine cell model has been established using cells from FMDV primary and persistence site in cattle, it appeared interesting to develop a similar model based on ovine anatomical sites of interest to compare host-pathogen interactions. Thus, epithelial cells derived from the palatine tonsils and the dorsal soft palate were isolated and cultured. Their epithelial nature was confirmed using immunofluorescence. Following monolayer infection with FMDV O/FRA/1/2001 Clone 2.2, the FMDV-sensitivity of these cells was evaluated. Dorsal soft palate (DSP) cells were also expanded in multilayers at the air-liquid interface to mimic a stratified epithelium sensitive to FMDV infection. Our investigation revealed the presence of infectious virus, as well as viral antigens and viral RNA, up to 35 days after infection of the cell multilayers. Further experiment with DSP cells from different individuals needs to be reproduced to confirm the robustness of the new model of persistence in multilayer DSP. The establishment of such primary cells creates new opportunities for FMDV research and analysis in sheep cells.

ABSTRACTThe foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) Leader proteinase Lpro inhibits host mRNA translation and blocks the interferon response which promotes viral survival. Lpro is not required for viral replication in vitro but serotype A FMDV lacking Lpro has been shown to be attenuated in cattle and pigs. However, it is not known, whether leaderless viruses can cause persistent infection in vivo after simulated natural infection and whether the attenuated phenotype is the same in other serotypes. We have generated an FMDV O/FRA/1/2001 variant lacking most of the Lpro coding region (ΔLb). Cattle were inoculated intranasopharyngeally and observed for 35 days to determine if O FRA/1/2001 ΔLb is attenuated during the acute phase of infection and whether it can maintain a persistent infection in the upper respiratory tract. We found that although this leaderless virus can replicate in vitro in different cell lines, it is unable to establish an acute infection with vesicular lesions and viral shedding nor is it able to persistently infect bovine pharyngeal tissues.

Performance appraisal is an activity conducted by groups or individuals in a company with the aim of evaluating employee performance based on specific indicators. The purpose of this evaluation is to determine the level of employee performance, provide fair job opportunities, and enhance employee motivation and performance. The objective of this research is to review the literature that employs the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, while considering several aspects such as previous research on employee performance appraisal and human performance technology. Initially, the search was limited to 450 journals. Then, a review and further screening were conducted, resulting in 161 remaining journals using inclusion and exclusion criteria, yielding 17 journals that met the requirements. This research was conducted over several years to assess employee performance. Therefore, this systematic literature review is carried out to identify the methods used for employee performance appraisal and mentions that optimization algorithms and fuzzy comprehensive methods are used as evaluation methods to assess performance appraisal methods.

Background: Precision oncology treatments are being applied more commonly in breast and gynecological oncology through the implementation of Molecular Tumor Boards (MTBs), but real-world clinical outcome data remain limited. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in patients with breast cancer (BC) and gynecological malignancies referred to our center’s MTB from 2018 to 2023. The analysis covered patient characteristics, next-generation sequencing (NGS) results, MTB recommendations, therapy received, and clinical outcomes. Results: Sixty-three patients (77.8%) had metastatic disease, and forty-four patients (54.3%) had previously undergone three or more lines of systemic treatment. Personalized treatment recommendations were provided to 50 patients (63.3%), while 29 (36.7%) had no actionable target. Ultimately, 23 patients (29.1%) underwent molecular-matched treatment (MMT). Commonly altered genes in patients with pan-gyn tumors (BC and gynecological malignancies) included TP53 (n = 42/81, 51.9%), PIK3CA (n = 18/81, 22.2%), BRCA1/2 (n = 10/81, 12.3%), and ARID1A (n = 9/81, 11.1%). Patients treated with MMT showed significantly prolonged progression-free survival (median PFS 5.5 vs. 3.5 months, p = 0.0014). Of all patients who underwent molecular profiling, 13.6% experienced a major clinical benefit (PFSr ≥ 1.3 and PR/SD ≥ 6 months) through precision oncology. Conclusions: NGS-guided precision oncology demonstrated improved clinical outcomes in a subgroup of patients with gynecological and breast cancers.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals that has a significant socio-economic impact. One concern associated with this disease is the ability of its etiological agent, the FMD virus (FMDV), to persist in its hosts through underlying mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. While persistence has been described in cattle and small ruminants, it is unlikely to occur in pigs. One of the factors limiting the progress in understanding FMDV persistence and, in particular, differential persistence is the lack of suitable in vitro models. A primary bovine cell model derived from the dorsal soft palate, which is the primary site of replication and persistence of FMDV in cattle, has been developed, and it seemed relevant to develop a similar porcine model. Cells from two sites of FMDV replication in pigs, namely, the dorsal soft palate and the oropharyngeal tonsils, were isolated and cultured. The epithelial character of the cells from the dorsal soft palate was then assessed by immunofluorescence. The FMDV-sensitivity of these cells was assessed after monolayer infection with FMDV O/FRA/1/2001 Clone 2.2. These cells were also grown in multilayers at the air-liquid interface to mimic a stratified epithelium susceptible to FMDV infection. Consistent with what has been shown in vivo in pigs, our study showed no evidence of persistence of FMDV in either the monolayer or multilayer model, with no infectious virus detected 28 days after infection. The development of such a model opens up new possibilities for the study and diagnosis of FMDV in porcine cells.

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals. This disease is one of the most important in animal health due to its significant socio-economic impact, especially in case of an outbreak. One important challenge associated with this disease is the ability of the FMD virus (FMDV) to persist in its hosts through still unresolved underlying mechanisms. The absence of relevant in vitro models is one factor preventing advancement in our understanding of FMDV persistence. While a primary bovine cell model has been established using cells from FMDV primary and persistence site in cattle, it appeared interesting to develop a similar model based on ovine anatomical sites of interest to compare host-pathogen interactions. Thus, epithelial cells derived from the palatine tonsils and the dorsal soft palate were isolated and cultured. Their epithelial nature was confirmed using immunofluorescence. Following monolayer infection with FMDV O/FRA/1/2001 Clone 2.2, the FMDV-sensitivity of these cells was evaluated. Dorsal soft palate (DSP) cells were also expanded in multilayers at the air-liquid interface to mimic a stratified epithelium sensitive to FMDV infection. Our investigation revealed the presence of infectious virus, as well as viral antigens and viral RNA, up to 35 days after infection of the cell multilayers. Further experiment with DSP cells from different individuals needs to be reproduced to confirm the robustness of the new model of persistence in multilayer DSP. The establishment of such primary cells creates new opportunities for FMDV research and analysis in sheep cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae (FLA) in natural hot springs is considered a public health concern. FLAs are known to cause serious health outcomes to a wide spectrum of mammalian hosts. The present study aimed to provide the distribution of isolated cases of FLAs in hot springs through a systematic review process of available published articles online. Relevant studies are published between January 2010 and January 2020 involving the isolation of Naegleria spp., Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia spp., Sappinia spp., and Vermamoeba spp. in natural hot springs in the United States, South America, North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Articles were identified through a search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Out of 94 articles screened, a total of 20 articles are included in the study with consideration of established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The most common FLAs isolated in hot springs are Acanthamoeba spp. (134; 48.5%) and Naegleria spp. (127; 46.0%). Other FLAs isolated in hot springs include Balamuthia spp. (2; 0.7%) and Vermamoeba spp. (13; 4.7%). FLA in hot springs used for recreational and medical purposes is a potential source of infection. It is recommended that strict surveillance and maintenance of hot springs be implemented to prevent potential future infection. HIGHLIGHTS First review on the distribution of potentially pathogenic FLA in hot springs.; Potential risk factors on FLA occurrence in hot springs.; Occurrence of Balamuthia mandrillaris in hot springs.; Occurrence of Vermamoeba vermiformis in hot springs.;

Penggunaan baja sebagai material untuk pekerjaan konstruksi terus meningkat. Pada umumnya perencana struktur mengganti profil jika beban melebihi kapasitas daya dukungnya. Namun untuk mengganti profil yang lebih besar memakan biaya yang lebih besar. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian dan analisis penggunaan pengaku (stiffener) pada balok baja agar mampu menahan beban yang ada tanpa harus mengganti ukuran profil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh yang terjadi pada balok baja dengan penambahan stiffener. Penelitian dilakukan dengan analisis Finite Element LUSAS V18. Model profil yang digunakan adalah IWF 150x75x5x7. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa dengan pembebanan sebesar 55 kN, balok tanpa stiffener memiliki lendutan 10,55 mm. Balok dengan satu stiffener pada ½ bentang memiliki lendutan sebesar 9,07 mm dan balok dengan tiga stiffener pada ¼, ½ dan ¾ bentang memiliki lendutan 9,06 mm. Kekakuan balok baja dengan penambahan stiffener mengalami peningkatan. Nilai kekakuan balok baja tanpa stiffener 5,620 kN/mm, balok baja satu stiffener 6,21 kN/mm dan balok baja tiga stiffener 6,22 kN/mm. Berdasarkan hasil eksperimen dan analisis didapatkan bahwa penggunaan stiffener pada balok baja mampu mengurangi lendutan dan membuat balok menjadi lebih kaku.

Simple Summary: Identifying the mutational landscape of tumors using next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become substantially more common over the past decade, especially in patients with advanced tumors. However, there is still limited real-world evidence for the clinical benefits of NGS-guided precision oncology. This retrospective analysis of breast and gynecological cancer patients referred to our center's multidisciplinary Molecular Tumor Board revealed that treatment recommendations were provided to 63.3% of patients, of whom 29.1% received molecular-matched treatment resulting in significantly prolonged progression-free survival. Commonly altered genes included TP53, PIK3CA, BRCA1/2, and ARID1A. Overall, NGS-guided precision oncology using panel diagnostics demonstrated improved clinical outcomes in a subset of patients with breast and gynecological cancers in a real-world setting. Background: Precision oncology treatments are being applied more commonly in breast and gynecological oncology through the implementation of Molecular Tumor Boards (MTBs), but real-world clinical outcome data remain limited. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in patients with breast cancer (BC) and gynecological malignancies referred to our center's MTB from 2018 to 2023. The analysis covered patient characteristics, next-generation sequencing (NGS) results, MTB recommendations, therapy received, and clinical outcomes. Results: Sixty-three patients (77.8%) had metastatic disease, and forty-four patients (54.3%) had previously undergone three or more lines of systemic treatment. Personalized treatment recommendations were provided to 50 patients (63.3%), while 29 (36.7%) had no actionable target. Ultimately, 23 patients (29.1%) underwent molecular-matched treatment (MMT). Commonly altered genes in patients with pan-gyn tumors (BC and gynecological malignancies) included TP53 (n = 42/81, 51.9%), PIK3CA (n = 18/81, 22.2%), BRCA1/2 (n = 10/81, 12.3%), and ARID1A (n = 9/81, 11.1%). Patients treated with MMT showed significantly prolonged progression-free survival (median PFS 5.5 vs. 3.5 months, p = 0.0014). Of all patients who underwent molecular profiling, 13.6% experienced a major clinical benefit (PFSr ≥ 1.3 and PR/SD ≥ 6 months) through precision oncology. Conclusions: NGS-guided precision oncology demonstrated improved clinical outcomes in a subgroup of patients with gynecological and breast cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hanjeli has a hard rind, so it takes a peeler and polisher to process it. One of the machines used is the Hanjeli Polishing Machine AGR-RM40 in the Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University. However, this machine has the disadvantage that most of the hanjeli seeds are crushed and are not polished. This is due to the polishing space which is quite narrow so that it puts great pressure on the hanjeli seeds during the polishing. Meanwhile, the existence of unpolished hanjeli was caused by poor friction between the cylinders and hanjeli. Therefore, this machine needs to be modified to improve the results of a better polishing. The method used in this research was engineering with several stages, such as designing a polishing unit, analysis, and performance testing on hanjeli batu and hanjeli pulut. The modification of the Polishing Unit on Hanjeli Polishing Machine (MPBH-0219) has a cylinder length dimension of 167 mm and a diameter of 37.9 mm. Based on the performance test, this machine is good and worth using where actual capacity is obtained 35 kg / hour, 96 % engine efficiency, 58,46 % dumping yield, 0.50 performance, and 1.30 kW actual power requirements.

Abstract This study aimed at determining the seroprevalence of foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) in domestic ruminants and at characterizing the virus strains circulating in four areas of Chad (East Batha, West Batha, Wadi Fira and West Ennedi). The study was carried out between October and November 2016. A total of 1,520 sera samples (928 cattle, 216 goats, 254 sheep and 122 dromedaries) were collected randomly for FMD serological analyses. Nine epithelial tissue samples were also collected from cattle showing clinical signs, for FMDV isolation and characterization. Serological results showed an overall NSP seroprevalence of 40% (375/928) in cattle in our sample (95% CrI [19–63]). However, seroprevalences of 84% (27/32), 78% (35/45) and 84% (21/25) were estimated in cattle over 5 years of age in East Batha, West Batha and Wadi Fira, respectively. In cattle under 1 year of age, 67% (18/27) seroprevalence was estimated in Wadi Fira, 64% (14/22) in East Batha and 59% (13/22) in West Batha. It was found that the high seroprevalences have been obtained in areas where pastures are shared by several different herds but also in farms where two to three species (bovine, caprine and ovine) are raised together. ELISA PrioCHECK®FMDV types O and A and in‐house solid phase competition ELISA serotyping results showed that the four O, A, SAT1 and SAT2 serotypes have circulated in Chad in 2016. However, the type SAT2 dominated with an overall seroprevalence of 43% (29/67) and was present in the four areas investigated. The phylogenetic analyses of the VP1 coding sequence allowed determining the serotype SAT2 topotype VII, close to viral strains found in Cameroon in 2015 with a similarity of 98.60%.

This report summarizes the results of a survey on attitudes toward inclusion, which was conducted in a middle school in a large school district in the Southeast. The survey was given prior to the beginning of the school year, and immediately prior to the implementation of full inclusion. Respondents were general and special educators, para-professionals, and administrators. Results of the survey revealed that, although the majority (98.2%) of respondents were willing to make needed instructional adaptations for their students with disabilities, most (76.8%) did not believe that most students with disabilities could be educated in regular education classrooms. Fewer than half (44.6%) indicated that inclusion was a desirable educational practice for regular education students, although a greater percent (57.9%) believed that inclusion was a desirable educational practice for special education students. Time was the most significant area of concern for respondents who indicated that they (a) did not have adequate time to consult with other teachers and specialists who were working with their students with disabilities, (b) lacked time to go to meetings pertaining to their students with disabilities, and (c) lacked time to undertake the responsibility to educate students with disabilities in regular classrooms. (Contains 1 table and 3 figures.)

Background: Increasing knowledge of cancer biology and an expanding spectrum of molecularly targeted therapies provide the basis for precision oncology. Despite extensive gene diagnostics, previous reports indicate that less than 10% of patients benefit from this concept. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all patients referred to our center’s Molecular Tumor Board (MTB) from 2018 to 2021. Molecular testing by next-generation sequencing (NGS) included a 67-gene panel for the detection of short-sequence variants and copy-number alterations, a 53- or 137-gene fusion panel and an ultra-low-coverage whole-genome sequencing for the detection of additional copy-number alterations outside the panel’s target regions. Immunohistochemistry for microsatellite instability and PD-L1 expression complemented NGS. Results: A total of 109 patients were referred to the MTB. In all, 78 patients received therapeutic proposals (70 based on NGS) and 33 were treated accordingly. Evaluable patients treated with MTB-recommended therapy (n = 30) had significantly longer progression-free survival than patients treated with other therapies (n = 17) (4.3 vs. 1.9 months, p = 0.0094). Seven patients treated with off-label regimens experienced major clinical benefits. Conclusion: The combined focused sequencing assays detected targetable alterations in the majority of patients. Patient benefits appeared to lie in the same range as with large-scale sequencing approaches.

Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) are pervasive elements of most modern technical software and represent a convenient tool for student instruction. For example, GUIs are used for [chemical] process design software (e.g., CHEMCAD, PRO/II and ASPEN) typically encountered in the senior capstone course. Drag and drop aspects of GUIs are challenging for students with little or no visual acuity. We report on the use of several innovations to circumvent such aspects of GUIs.

Homologous recombination proficiency in patients with breast cancer despite germline PALB2/RAD51C pathogenic variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Symposium of the World Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (ISWAVLD) is the unmissable biannual meeting of all diagnostic veterinary laboratories including biologists, veterinarians and other scientists involved in laboratory diagnostics. It took place at the Lyon Convention Centre (29 June–1 July 2023). It was a pleasant and enriching moment, which allowed participants to discover and/or discuss new diagnostic methods and the epidemiology of animal diseases, around all themes involving veterinarians (animal health, but also environmental and human health, and food safety). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Federal lands are common in South Dakota, and ranchers who operate on or next to federal land in the State face significant legal hurdles when challenging federal management practices within the administrative appeals process and within the federal courts. In 2011, the South Dakota Supreme Court ruled that the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks had sovereign immunity against South Dakota ranchers who sued the agency when prairie dogs allegedly encroached from abutting federal lands and damaged private property. Arguably, the ranchers sued the wrong sovereign and should have disputed with the United States Forest Service. However, challenging federal agency decisions is not an easy process and federal land management remains immune from state laws and removed from direct South Dakotan control. This comment will give background on federal land management and give important considerations for South Dakotans when challenging said management in federal courts., I. INTRODUCTION As the four-wheeler sputtered to a calm, the rancher stepped off briskly.(1) He had plenty on his mind. While placing mineral supplements into troughs for the nearby cattle [...]