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2023 Otros acuerdos transformativos UCM, Emerging adulthood is an important developmental period, associated to mental health risk. Resilience research points to both social and personal protective factors against development of psychopathology, but there is paucity with their comprehensive study in young adults. This study provides and initial integrative approach to model multiple dimensions of perceived social support (i.e., from family, friends, significant others) and personal factor of trait resilience (i.e., coping and persistence during stress, tolerance to negative affect, positive appraisals, trust) and their hypothesized contributions to reducing depression and anxiety rates. The study was conducted with a sample of 500 Spanish emerging adults (18 to 29 years old). Regression analyses and multiple mediation models were performed to test our hypotheses. Results showed that social support from family was the dimension with the highest strength relating individual differences in resilience. Furthermore, analyses supported a differential mediating role of specific resilience factors (coping and persistence during stress, tolerance to negative affect, positive appraisals, trust) in partially accounting for the association between higher social support from family and lower depression and anxiety levels in young adults. These results may inform new programs of mental health during emerging adulthood via the promotion of different sources of social support and their related resilience pathways contributing to low emotional symptomatology at this stage of development., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Comunidad de Madrid, Depto. de Personalidad, Evaluación y Psicología Clínica, Fac. de Psicología, TRUE, pub, APC financiada por la UCM

[Abstract] Easy-to-make nanostructured materials that exhibit multitasking activity —while reducing the use of hazardous solvents throughout its architectural design— is a must to advance in the so-called Industry 4.0. Herein, a simple and eco-friendly ‘one-pot’ functionalization approach has been devised for synthesizing 0D carbon-based inorganic nanoarchitectonics made of carbon dots (CDs, as core carbon source) carrying two different inorganic building blocks, viz. quantum dots (CdSe@ZnS–QDs) and metal nanoparticles (Pt–NPs). As a proof-of-principle, the multi-catalytic activity of the resulting 0D Pt/QD/CD nanoarchitectonics by means of photoelectrocatalysis and sonocatalysis has been considered and compared with the pristine CD counterpart, demonstrating its suitability for boosting pivotal catalytic tasks like i) the photoelectrogeneration of hydrogen via hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and ii) the sonodegradation of environmental pollutants (i.e., Rhodamine B) in water. Overall, this chemical approach is general and might be tailored for architecting alternative carbon-based heterostructures to enhance alternative multi-catalytic tasks.

Phycocyanin (PC), a natural protein that is very interesting from the medical point of view due to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is obtained from algae. This compound is gaining positions for applications in the food industry. The main objective of this work was to obtain nanoemulgels formulated with PC and k-carrageenan (a polymer that is obtained from algae as well). An optimization of the processing parameters (homogenization pressure and number of cycles) and the ratio of PC and a well-known synthetic surfactant (Tween 80) was developed using response surface methodology. The results of this optimization were 25,000 psi, seven cycles, and a 1:1 ratio of PC/Tween80. However, the necessity for the incorporation of a polymer that plays a thickener role was observed. Hence, k-carrageenan (k-C) was used to retard the creaming process that these nanoemulsions suffered. The incorporation of this biopolymer provoked the creation of a network that showed gel-type behavior and flow indexes very close to zero. Thanks to the combined use of these two sustainable and algae-obtained compounds, stable nanoemulgels were obtained. This work has proved that the combined use of PC and k-C has emerged as a sustainable alternative to stabilize dispersed systems for the food industry.

La perspectiva cognitiva ha sido de gran utilidad en el campo del estudio de la depresión. Dicha perspectiva, además de posibilitar el desarrollo de tratamientos psicológicos eficaces, nos ha permitido comprender algunos importantes procesos por los cuales las personas se deprimen. Sin embargo, lejos de ser un modelo rígido y estancado, ha ido evolucionando a lo largo del tiempo, especialmente en los últimos años. En este artículo se revisan los nuevos desarrollos elaborados con relación a aspectos cruciales del modelo cognitivo de la depresión así como los nuevos procesos que se han comenzado a estudiar. Así, se describen los avances realizados en la comprensión de los esquemas negativos, la autoestima, el estilo atribucional o los procesos de memoria. Asimismo, se detalla el papel del estilo rumiativo o la supresión del pensamiento en los procesos de vulnerabilidad a la depresión. Por último, a modo de resumen, se plantea un modelo reformulado que integra los avances más recientes dentro del esquema clásico del modelo cognitivo para la depresión., Depto. de Personalidad, Evaluación y Psicología Clínica, Fac. de Psicología, TRUE, pub

This study was aimed to explore the distinct pathways that lead to depression and paranoia. We first examined the association of dysfunctional parenting experiences and negative self-evaluations in depression and paranoia. Furthermore, we also examined if different self-evaluative beliefs could mediate the relationships between dysfunctional parenting experiences (i.e. paternal overprotection or lack of paternal care) and the development of depression and paranoia. A sample composed of 55 paranoid patients, 38 depressed patients and 44 healthy controls completed the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), the Evaluative Beliefs Scale (EBS) and some clinical scales. Our analyses revealed that lack of parental care and negative self-self evaluations were associated with depression symptoms. Analyses also revealed that parental overprotection and negative other-self evaluations were associated with paranoid symptoms. Furthermore, negative self-self and other-self evaluations fully mediated the relationship of parental overprotection and paranoia, whereas negative self-self evaluations partially mediated the relationship between lack of parental care and depression. These findings suggest that distinct patterns of parental practices may contribute to the development of different dysfunctional schemas which in turn may lead to either depression or paranoia., Spanish Ministry of Education and Science, Depto. de Personalidad, Evaluación y Psicología Clínica, Fac. de Psicología, TRUE, pub

Recent research has shown that ruminative responses may be boosted by a pattern of low BAS (Behavioral Activation System) and high BIS (Behavioral Inhibition System) which may have motivational implications. In this research we explored whether this motivational BIS/BAS pattern, associated to rumination, can be affected by current mood. Ruminators and non-ruminators were assessed with a state version of BIS/BAS scales before and after a negative mood induction procedure. Our results showed that, after induction, participants with a ruminative style had a significant lower sensitivity to reward whereas levels of sensitivity to punishment remained unchanged. Implications for the understanding of the cognitive and motivational nature of rumination are discussed., Depto. de Personalidad, Evaluación y Psicología Clínica, Fac. de Psicología, TRUE, pub

Low autobiographical memory specificity has been a commonly recurring phenomenon in depression. Difficulty in remembering specific details in autobiographical memory tests has been related to rumination, although the nature of this relation is not clear yet. In the present study, we evaluated differences in overgeneral memory patterns between dysphoric (n = 65) and non-dysphoric participants (n = 74) using a free-recall method that may be more suitable for detecting overgeneral memory patterns than previously used methods. Furthermore, this study examined whether a specific maladaptive component of rumination (i.e., brooding response style) is particularly related to autobiographical memory patterns in depression. Our results showed that dysphoric participants reported less positive specific memories, and more extended and categoric memories than non-dysphoric individuals. Furthermore, correlation analyses showed that the maladaptive component of rumination (i.e., brooding), but not the adaptive component of rumination (i.e., reflection), was specifically associated to the reduced autobiographical memory specificity found in dysphoric participants., Ministry of Research, Science and Innovation, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Depto. de Personalidad, Evaluación y Psicología Clínica, Fac. de Psicología, TRUE, pub

El uso de instrumentos informatizados y en línea se ha incrementado notablemente en las últimas décadas. Sucesos como la COVID-19 han influido en la consolidación de su uso, siendo herramientas de trabajo muy útiles para evaluación e investigación. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar una plataforma de evaluación online denominada MenPas 1.0, explorando sus áreas de trabajo y el flujo de datos de los últimos años. Se ha seguido una estrategia descriptiva para analizar las posibilidades que ofrece la plataforma, así como el tráfico de datos que posee y número de usuarios. Los resultados muestran que esta plataforma ofrece herramientas vinculadas a las siguientes áreas: ansiedad, atención, autoconcepto, autorregistros, burnout, búsqueda de talentos, calidad de vida, dinámica grupal, entrenamiento mental, inteligencia emocional, estrés, generalizabilidad, hipnosis, liderazgo, motivación, observación, organizaciones/calidad, socialización, toma de decisiones o visualización. Actualmente, tiene más de 16 mil usuarios registrados y acumula más de un millón trescientos mil sucesos. Algunos de los cuestionarios alojados han sido respondidos más de 60.000 veces. Además, sus usuarios proceden de múltiples países europeos y asiáticos, americanos o de Oceanía. Los resultados ponen de relieve el amplio espectro de uso que tiene la plataforma, las posibilidades de almacenamiento y procesamiento de datos que permite y la universalización de los recursos informatizados., Computerized online instruments use has been increased significantly in recent decades. Influenced by events as COVID-19, consolidating its use in assessment and research. Present work main goal is to analyze the online assessment platform named MenPas 1.0, by exploring its working areas as well as the traffic communication data in the last years. A descriptive strategy has been followed in order to analyze the several possibilities offered by the platform as well as its data traffic and number of users. The results show that this platform offers a set of for the following areas: anxiety, attention, self-concept, self-registers, burnout, talent search, quality of life, group dynamics, mental training, emotional intelligence, stress, generalizability, hypnosis, leadership, motivation, observation, organizations/quality, socialization, decision making or visualization. Currently, it has more than 16 thousand registered users and accumulates more than 1.3 million events. Some of the hosted questionnaires have been run more than 60,000 times. In addition, users come from many European, Asian, American, and Oceanian countries. The results highlight the wide using spectrum of the platform joined to the data storing and processing possibilities what allows the computerized resources universalization.

La infancia y adolescencia son etapas importantes en el desarrollo cerebral y son la base de la vida adulta. En numerosas ocasiones se ha demostrado los efectos de la actividad física en la salud, así como en el desarrollo cognitivo y moral. No obstante, no toda actividad física llega a causar efectos en las funciones cognitivas al mismo nivel, siendo la actividad vigorosa y el aumento de actividad cardiorrespiratoria las que aportan mayores beneficios. Esta revisión pretende recoger los estudios de los diez últimos años sobre los efectos de programas de actividad física en la cognición en la infancia y adolescencia. Se busca conocer qué tipo de actividad física es más beneficiosa para qué tipo de habilidad cognitiva. Los datos mostraron que la actividad física produce beneficios en la cognición, aunque es la actividad vigorosa la que genera mayor impacto. Los juegos reducidos y las actividades aeróbicas combinadas con coordinación se han visto mejores para inhibición y flexibilidad cognitiva. Aunque parece ser más importante la intensidad de la actividad. Esto puede beneficiar la planificación de los programas de actividad física y los beneficios que conlleva., Childhood and adolescence are important stages in brain development and are the basis for adult life. The effects of physical activity on health, as well as on cognitive and moral development, have been demonstrated on numerous occasions. However, not all physical activity can have the same level of effect on cognitive functions, with vigorous activity and increased cardiorespiratory activity providing the greatest benefits. This review aims to collect the studies of the last ten years on the effects of physical activity programs on cognition in childhood and adolescence. The aim is to know which type of physical activity is more beneficial for which type of cognitive ability. The data showed that physical activity produces benefits on cognition, although vigorous activity has the greatest impact. Reduced games and aerobic activities combined with coordination have been found to be better for cognitive inhibition and flexibility. Although the intensity of the activity seems to be more important. This may benefit the planning of physical activity programs and the benefits it brings.

This investigation has been developed with the general objective of determining an effective communication model for the dissemination of Public Investment Programs and Projects (PIP) of the Department of Loreto, Peru. Theoretically, it was based on effective communication models: empirical - experimental, functionalist and network communication. From the methodological perspective, it was based on a quantitative methodological strategy, at a descriptive level, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional field design, which was supported by surveys applied to the lieutenant governors of the towns located on the borders with Colombia and Brazil. Once the field work was developed, the information was processed, thus generating the descriptive analysis, the discussion of the results and the proposed model. In essence, it was concluded that there are important limitations in the current model of PIP dissemination in the Department of Loreto, weaknesses concerning all elements of communication: dispersed and unprepared senders, uncharacterized receivers, wasted channels, uncoded and non-contextualized messages, unstimulated feedback. In view of which the Model of Effective Communication for the Diffusion of PIPs (MCE-D-PIP) is designed, which proposes the development of a Situational Room for Effective Communication (SSCE-PIP), which allows to enhance the roles of producers, consumers and prosumers of information, through the diversification of channels and a specialized coding of the message, depending on the context: cultural diversity, educational conditions, technological factors, among others., Esta investigación ha sido desarrollada con el objetivo general de determinar un modelo de comunicación efectiva para la difusión de los Programas y Proyectos de Inversión Pública (PIP) del Departamento de Loreto, que ocupa la tercera parte del territorio del Perú, y, dadas sus características geográficas, existe mucha influencia cultural de Colombia y Brasil. Desde la perspectiva metodológica, se basó en un enfoque cuantitativo, de nivel descriptivo, con un diseño de campo, no experimental, transversal, que se apoyó en encuestas aplicadas a los tenientes gobernadores de los poblados ubicados en las fronteras con Colombia y Brasil. Una vez desarrollado el trabajo de campo, se realizó el procesamiento de la información, generando así el análisis descriptivo, la discusión de los resultados y la propuesta de modelo. En esencia, se llegó a la conclusión de que existen importantes limitaciones en el modelo actual de difusión de los PIP en el Departamento de Loreto, debilidades concernientes a todos los elementos de la comunicación: emisores dispersos y no preparados, receptores no caracterizados, canales desaprovechados, mensajes no codificados ni contextualizados, retroalimentación no estimulada. En vista de lo cual se diseña un Modelo de Comunicación Efectiva para la Difusión de los PIP (MCE-D-PIP) que plantea el desarrollo de una Sala Situacional de Comunicación Efectiva (SSCE– PIP), que permita potenciar los roles de productores, consumidores y prosumidores de la información, mediante la diversificación de los canales y una especializada codificación del mensaje, en función del contexto: diversidad cultural, condiciones educativas, factores tecnológicos, entre otros.

Phycocyanin (PC), a natural product obtained from algae, is attracting attention due to its health benefits, such as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This work studies the use of PC as the main stabilizer in avocado and lemon oil emulgels, a format for drug delivery. The influence of PC concentration on droplet size distribution, rheological properties, and physical stability is studied using a laser diffraction technique, rheological measurements, and multiple light scattering. The 5 wt.% PC emulsions show the lowest droplet size and, consequently, the best stability against creaming and droplet growth. Emulsions formulated with PC as the only stabilizer show a slight pseudoplastic character with an apparent viscosity below 10 mPa·s at 2 Pa. This indicates that these emulsions undergo creaming with aging time. In order to reduce creaming, pectin is incorporated into the 5 wt.% PC emulsion at different concentrations. Interestingly, yield stress and an incipient gel character are observed due to the presence of pectin. This is why the creaming mechanism is reduced. In conclusion, PC forms a layer that protects the interface against coalescence and Ostwald ripening. And, pectin is incorporated to reduce creaming. This research has the potential to make valuable contributions to diverse fields, such as health, medicine, and encapsulation technology.