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Context. High-redshift radio(-loud) galaxies (HzRGs) are massive galaxies with powerful radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and serve as beacons for protocluster identification. However, the interplay between HzRGs and the large-scale environment remains unclear. Aims. To understand the connection between HzRGs and the surrounding obscured star formation, we investigated the overdensity and spatial distribution of submillimeter-bright galaxies (SMGs) in the field of 4C 23.56, a well-known HzRG at z = 2.48. Methods. We used SCUBA-2 data (σ ∼ 0.6 mJy) to estimate the 850 μm source number counts and examine the radial and azimuthal overdensities of the 850 μm sources in the vicinity of the HzRG. Results. The angular distribution of SMGs is inhomogeneous around the HzRG 4C 23.56, with fewer sources oriented along the radio jet. We also find a significant overdensity of bright SMGs (S​850 μm ≥ 5 mJy). Faint and bright SMGs exhibit different spatial distributions. The former are concentrated in the core region, while the latter prefer the outskirts of the HzRG field. High-resolution observations show that the seven brightest SMGs in our sample are intrinsically bright, suggesting that the overdensity of bright SMGs is less likely due to the source multiplicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Chronic posttraumatic osteomyelitis and infected pseudoarthrosis of the tibia are complex problems associated with considerable morbidity which may compromise the viability of the involved limb. The most frequent age of presentation is 2 to 6 years, with predominance in males at a 2:1 ratio. We present the case of a male 4 year-old patient with diagnosis of infected pseudoarthrosis. During the physical exam a fistula was detected in the anterior aspect of the right leg, with discharge of purulent material, and inability for weight bearing and gait. X-rays, culture of the exudate and biopsy were performed. Treatment consisted of antimicrobial therapy, surgical debridement's, and application of an autologous bone graft. The infection was controlled, the tibia healed, and function was restored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brachymetatarsia is the > 5 mm shortening of the metatarsal parabolic arc of the foot, in one or more metatarsals. It is directly related with the early closure of the epiphyseal cartilage or with early fusion of the epiphyseal line of the distal end of the metatarsal. The fourth metatarsal is usually the most affected one. Females are more commonly affected, with a female to male ratio of 25:1; 72% of cases have bilateral involvement. The causes may be congenital, posttraumatic or result from specific conditions. A prospective, comparative study was conducted of patients with a diagnosis of congenital brachymetatarsia seen in 2007-2008 and 2008-2012. Seven patients were included in the former period: six girls and one boy. Eight patients were included in the latter period: five girls and three boys. The mean shortening achieved in the first group was 21.1 mm; in the second one, 18 mm, without regression. The daily distraction in both groups was 0.5 mm. Metatarsal elongation by means of callotaxis with external fixators is an appropriate procedure for adolescent patients about to achieve epiphyseal closure. The best results are obtained with gradual distraction at a rate of 0.5 mm per day.

Chronic posttraumatic osteomyelitis and infected pseudoarthrosis of the tibia are complex problems associated with considerable morbidity which may compromise the viability of the involved limb. The most frequent age of presentation is 2 to 6 years, with predominance in males at a 2:1 ratio. We present the case of a male 4 year-old patient with diagnosis of infected pseudoarthrosis. During the physical exam a fistula was detected in the anterior aspect of the right leg, with discharge of purulent material, and inability for weight bearing and gait. X-rays, culture of the exudate and biopsy were performed. Treatment consisted of antimicrobial therapy, surgical debridement's, and application of an autologous bone graft. The infection was controlled, the tibia healed, and function was restored.

Although the role of hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) in cancer treatment is rapidly expanding, decreasing the side effects of stem-cell infusion is a major challenge. Cancer cells present in the stem-cell collection can cause relapse after autologous transplantation. In allogeneic transplantation. T lymphocytes contribute to graft-versus-host disease. Various methods of purging have been used to remove these unwanted cells, and there is some evidence that such manipulations are clinically useful. Nevertheless, the inability to detect minimal disease makes it difficult to determine whether relapse is caused by incomplete disease eradication in the patient or by the infused cells. This makes it hard to justify the clinical benefit of ex vivo purging. Researchers can focus on this issue by designing studies with minimal variation in other factors that affect the success of stem-cell transplantation.