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1. Injection and capture of antiprotons in a Penning-Malmberg trap using a drift tube accelerator and degrader foil

Author

Amsler, C., Breuker, H., Bumbar, M., Chesnevskaya, S., Costantini, G., Ferragut, R., Giammarchi, M., Gligorova, A., Gosta, G., Higaki, H., Hori, M., Hunter, E. D., Killian, C., Kraxberger, V., Kuroda, N., Lanz, A., Leali, M., Maero, G., Malbrunot, C., Mascagna, V., Matsuda, Y., Maeckel, V., Migliorati, S., Murtagh, D. J., Nagata, Y., Nanda, A., Nowak, L., Rome, M., Simon, M. C., Tajima, M., Toso, V., Ulmer, S., Venturelli, L., Weiser, A., Widmann, E., and Yamazaki, Y.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The Antiproton Decelerator (AD) at CERN provides antiproton bunches with a kinetic energy of 5.3 MeV. The Extra-Low ENergy Antiproton ring at CERN, commissioned at the AD in 2018, now supplies a bunch of electron-cooled antiprotons at a fixed energy of 100 keV. The MUSASHI antiproton trap was upgraded by replacing the radio-frequency quadrupole decelerator with a pulsed drift tube to re-accelerate antiprotons and optimize the injection energy into the degrader foils. By increasing the beam energy to 119 keV, a cooled antiproton accumulation efficiency of (26 +- 6)% was achieved., Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures

Published
2024

2. Upgrade of the positron system of the ASACUSA-Cusp experiment

Author

Lanz, A., Amsler, C., Breuker, H., Bumbar, M., Chesnevskaya, S., Costantini, G., Ferragut, R., Giammarchi, M., Gligorova, A., Gosta, G., Higaki, H., Hunter, E. D., Killian, C., Kraxberger, V., Kuroda, N., Leali, M., Maero, G., Malbrunot, C., Mascagna, V., Matsuda, Y., Mäckel, V., Migliorati, S., Murtagh, D. J., Nanda, A., Nowak, L., Gustafsson, F. Parnefjord, Rheinfrank, S., Romé, M., Simon, M. C., Tajima, M., Toso, V., Uggerhøj, U., Ulmer, S., Venturelli, L., Weiser, A., Widmann, E., Yamazaki, Y., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

The ASACUSA-Cusp collaboration has recently upgraded the positron system to improve the production of antihydrogen. Previously, the experiment suffered from contamination of the vacuum in the antihydrogen production trap due to the transfer of positrons from the high pressure region of a buffer gas trap. This contamination reduced the lifetime of antiprotons. By adding a new positron accumulator and therefore decreasing the number of transfer cycles, the contamination of the vacuum has been reduced. Further to this, a new rare gas moderator and buffer gas trap, previously used at the Aarhus University, were installed. Measurements from Aarhus suggested that the number of positrons could be increased by a factor of four in comparison to the old system used at CERN. This would mean a reduction of the time needed for accumulating a sufficient number of positrons (of the order of a few million) for an antihydrogen production cycle. Initial tests have shown that the new system yields a comparable number of positrons to the old system., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, under consideration for the Special Collection "Non-Neutral Plasmas: Achievements and Perspectives" in JPP

Published
2023

3. Slow positron production and storage for the ASACUSA-Cusp experiment

Author

Murtagh, D. J., Amsler, C., Breuker, H., Bumbar, M., Chesnevskaya, S., Costantini, G., Ferragut, R., Giammarchi, M., Gligorova, A., Gosta, G., Higaki, H., Hunter, E. D., Killian, C., Kraxberger, V., Kuroda, N., Lanz, A., Leali, M., Maero, G., Mal\-bru\-not, C., Mascagna, V., Matsuda, Y., Mäckel, V., Migliorati, S., Nanda, A., Nowak, L., Gustafsson, F. Parnefjord, Rheinfrank, S., Romé, M., Simon, M. C., Tajima, M., Toso, V., Ulmer, S., Venturelli, L., Weiser, A., Widmann, E., Wolz, T., Yamazaki, Y., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

The ASACUSA Cusp experiment requires the production of dense positron plasmas with a high repetition rate to produce a beam of antihydrogen. In this work, details of the positron production apparatus used for the first observation of the antihydrogen beam, and subsequent measurements are described in detail. This apparatus replaced the previous compact trap design resulting in an improvement in positron accumulation by a factor of ($52\pm3)$, Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures

Published
2023

4. SDR, EVC, and SDREVC: Limitations and Extensions

Author

Hunter, E. D., Amsler, C., Breuker, H., Bumbar, M., Chesnevskaya, S., Costantini, G., Ferragut, R., Giammarchi, M., Gligorova, A., Gosta, G., Higaki, H., Killian, C., Kraxberger, V., Kuroda, N., Lanz, A., Leali, M., Maero, G., Malbrunot, C., Mascagna, V., Matsuda, Y., Mäckel, V., Migliorati, S., Murtagh, D. J., Nanda, A., Nowak, L., Gustafsson, F. Parnefjord, Rheinfrank, S., Romé, M., Simon, M. C., Tajima, M., Toso, V., Ulmer, S., Venturelli, L., Weiser, A., Widmann, E., Yamazaki, Y., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Methods for reducing the radius, temperature, and space charge of nonneutral plasma are usually reported for conditions which approximate an ideal Penning Malmberg trap. Here we show that (1) similar methods are still effective under surprisingly adverse circumstances: we perform SDR and SDREVC in a strong magnetic mirror field using only 3 out of 4 rotating wall petals. In addition, we demonstrate (2) an alternative to SDREVC, using e-kick instead of EVC and (3) an upper limit for how much plasma can be cooled to T < 20 K using EVC. This limit depends on the space charge, not on the number of particles or the plasma density., Comment: Version 2: a small discrepancy between the N values for Table 1 and Fig. 3 led to an investigation of the charge counting diagnostic. There is a small energy dependence which only became apparent following improvements to pre-SDREVC. The pulsed dump was modified to reduce this dependence. The data for Table 1 and Fig. 3 was taken again with the improved methods

Published
2023

5. A large-momentum-transfer matter-wave interferometer to measure the effect of gravity on positronium

Author

Vinelli, G., Castelli, F., Ferragut, R., Romé, M., Sacerdoti, M., Salvi, L., Toso, V., Giammarchi, M., Rosi, G., and Tino, G. M.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Quantum Physics
Abstract

This paper reports the study of a new interferometric configuration to measure the effect of gravity on positronium. A Mach-Zehnder matter-wave interferometer has been designed to operate with single-photon transitions and to transfer high momentum to a 200 eV positronium beam. The work shows the results and methods used to simulate the interferometer and estimate the operating parameters and the time needed to perform the experiment. It has been estimated that within less than one year, the acquisition time is sufficient to achieve a 10\% accuracy level in measuring positronium gravitational acceleration, even with a poorly collimated beam, which is significant for theoretical models describing matter-antimatter symmetry. These results pave the way for single photon transition large momentum transfer interferometry with fast atomic beams, which is particularly useful for studies with antimatter and unstable atoms., Comment: 24 pages, 11 figures

Published
2023
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6. Upgrade of ASACUSA's Antihydrogen Detector

Author

Kraxberger, V., Amsler, C., Breuker, H., Chesnevskaya, S., Costantini, G., Ferragut, R., Giammarchi, M., Gligorova, A., Gosta, G., Higaki, H., Hunter, E. D., Killian, C., Kletzl, V., Kuroda, N., Lanz, A., Leali, M., Mäckel, V., Maero, G., Malbrunot, C., Mascagna, V., Matsuda, Y., Migliorati, S., Murtagh, D. J., Nagata, Y., Nanda, A., Nowak, L., Pasino, E., Romé, M., Simon, M. C., Tajima, M., Toso, V., Ulmer, S., Venturelli, L., Weiser, A., Widmann, E., Wolz, T., Yamazaki, Y., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The goal of the ASACUSA (Atomic Spectroscopy And Collisions Using Slow Antiprotons) CUSP experiment at CERN's Antiproton Decelerator is to measure the ground state hyperfine splitting of antihydrogen in order to test whether CPT invariance is broken. The ASACUSA hodoscope is a detector consisting of two layers of 32 plastic scintillator bars individually read out by two serially connected silicon photo multipliers (SiPMs) on each end. Two additional layers for position resolution along the beam axis were scintillator fibres, which will now be replaced by scintillating tiles placed onto the existing bars and also read out by SiPMs. If the antiproton of antihydrogen annihilates in the center of the hodoscope, particles (mostly pions) are produced and travel through the various layers of the detector and produce signals. The hodoscope was successfully used during the last data taking period at CERN. The necessary time resolution to discriminate between particles travelling through the detector from outside and particles produced in the center of the detector was achieved by the use of waveform digitisers and software constant fraction discrimination. The disadvantage of this readout scheme was the slow readout speed, which was improved by two orders of magnitude. This was done by omitting the digitisers and replacing them with TDCs reading out the digital time-over-threshold (ToT) signal using leading edge discrimination., Comment: Submitted to VCI2022 Proceedings in NIM A

Published
2022
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7. Cyclotron cooling to cryogenic temperature in a Penning-Malmberg trap with a large solid angle acceptance

Author

Amsler, C., Breuker, H., Chesnevskaya, S., Costantini, G., Ferragut, R., Giammarchi, M., Gligorova, A., Gosta, G., Higaki, H., Hunter, E. D., Killian, C., Kletzl, V., Kraxberger, V., Kuroda, N., Lanz, A., Leali, M., Mäckel, V., Maero, G., Malbrunot, C., Mascagna, V., Matsuda, Y., Migliorati, S., Murtagh, D. J., Nagata, Y., Nanda, A., Nowak, L., Pasino, E., Romé, M., Simon, M. C., Tajima, M., Toso, V., Ulmer, S., Venturelli, L., Weiser, A., Widmann, E., Wolz, T., Yamazaki, Y., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Magnetized nonneutral plasma composed of electrons or positrons couples to the local microwave environment via cyclotron radiation. The equilibrium plasma temperature depends on the microwave energy density near the cyclotron frequency. Fine copper meshes and cryogenic microwave absorbing material were used to lower the effective temperature of the radiation environment in ASACUSA's Cusp trap, resulting in significantly reduced plasma temperature.

Published
2022

8. Minimizing plasma temperature for antimatter mixing experiments

Author

Hunter, E. D., Amsler, C., Breuker, H., Chesnevskaya, S., Costantini, G., Ferragut, R., Giammarchi, M., Gligorova, A., Gosta, G., Higaki, H., Kanai, Y., Killian, C., Kletzl, V., Kraxberger, V., Kuroda, N., Lanz, A., Leali, M., Mäckel, V., Maero, G., Malbrunot, C., Mascagna, V., Matsuda, Y., Migliorati, S., Murtagh, D. J., Nagata, Y., Nanda, A., Nowak, L., Pasino, E., Romé, M., Simon, M. C., Tajima, M., Toso, V., Ulmer, S., Uggerhøj, U., Venturelli, L., Weiser, A., Widmann, E., Wolz, T., Yamazaki, Y., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

The ASACUSA collaboration produces a beam of antihydrogen atoms by mixing pure positron and antiproton plasmas in a strong magnetic field with a double cusp geometry. The positrons cool via cyclotron radiation inside the cryogenic trap. Low positron temperature is essential for increasing the fraction of antihydrogen atoms which reach the ground state prior to exiting the trap. Many experimental groups observe that such plasmas reach equilibrium at a temperature well above the temperature of the surrounding electrodes. This problem is typically attributed to electronic noise and plasma expansion, which heat the plasma. The present work reports anomalous heating far beyond what can be attributed to those two sources. The heating seems to be a result of the axially open trap geometry, which couples the plasma to the external (300 K) environment via microwave radiation., Comment: Proceedings of the Exotic Atoms (EXA) Conference, Vienna, 2021

Published
2022
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9. Upgrade of ASACUSA’s antihydrogen detector

Author

Kraxberger, V., Amsler, C., Breuker, H., Chesnevskaya, S., Costantini, G., Ferragut, R., Giammarchi, M., Gligorova, A., Gosta, G., Higaki, H., Hunter, E.D., Killian, C., Kletzl, V., Kuroda, N., Lanz, A., Leali, M., Mäckel, V., Maero, G., Malbrunot, C., Mascagna, V., Matsuda, Y., Migliorati, S., Murtagh, D.J., Nagata, Y., Nanda, A., Nowak, L., Pasino, E., Romé, M., Simon, M.C., Tajima, M., Toso, V., Ulmer, S., Venturelli, L., Weiser, A., Widmann, E., Wolz, T., Yamazaki, Y., and Zmeskal, J.

Published
2023
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10. Injection and capture of antiprotons in a Penning–Malmberg trap using a drift tube accelerator and degrader foil

Author

Amsler, C., primary, Breuker, H., additional, Bumbar, M., additional, Chesnevskaya, S., additional, Costantini, G., additional, Ferragut, R., additional, Giammarchi, M., additional, Gligorova, A., additional, Gosta, G., additional, Higaki, H., additional, Hori, M., additional, Hunter, E.D., additional, Killian, C., additional, Kraxberger, V., additional, Kuroda, N., additional, Lanz, A., additional, Leali, M., additional, Maero, G., additional, Malbrunot, C., additional, Mascagna, V., additional, Matsuda, Y., additional, Mäckel, V., additional, Migliorati, S., additional, Murtagh, D.J., additional, Nagata, Y., additional, Nanda, A., additional, Nowak, L., additional, Romé, M., additional, Simon, M.C., additional, Tajima, M., additional, Toso, V., additional, Ulmer, S., additional, Venturelli, L., additional, Weiser, A., additional, Widmann, E., additional, and Yamazaki, Y., additional

Published
2024
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11. Light Ion Accelerating Line (L3IA): Test Experiment at ILIL-PW

Author

Gizzi, L. A., Baffigi, F., Brandi, F., Bussolino, G., Cristoforetti, G., Fazzi, A., Fulgentini, L., Giove, D., Koester, P., Labate, L., Maero, G., Palla, D., Romé, M., and Tomassini, P.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

The construction of a novel Laser driven Light Ions Acceleration Line(L3IA) is progressing rapidly towards the operation, following the recent upgrade of the ILIL-PW laser facility. The Line was designed following the pilot experimental activity carried out earlier at the same facility to define design parameters and to identify main components including target control and diagnostic equipment, also in combination with the numerical simulations for the optimization of laser and target parameters. A preliminary set of data was acquired following the successful commissioning of the laser system >100 TW upgrade. Data include output from a range of different ion detectors and optical diagnostics installed for qualification of the laser-target interaction. An overview of the results is given along with a description of the relevant upgraded laser facility and features., Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, 18 references, presented at the EAAC 2017

Published
2018
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12. Detection of low energy antimatter with emulsions

Author

Aghion, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Bollani, M., Cas, E. Dei, Ereditato, A., Evans, C., Ferragut, R., Giammarchi, M., Pistillo, C., Romé, M., Sala, S., and Scampoli, P.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Emulsion detectors feature a very high position resolution and consequently represent an ideal device when particle detection is required at the micrometric scale. This is the case of quantum interferometry studies with antimatter, where micrometric fringes have to be measured. In this framework, we designed and realized a new emulsion based detector characterized by a gel enriched in terms of silver bromide crystal contents poured on a glass plate. We tested the sensitivity of such a detector to low energy positrons in the range 10-20 keV. The obtained results prove that nuclear emulsions are highly efficient at detecting positrons at these energies. This achievement paves the way to perform matter-wave interferometry with positrons using this technology., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures

Published
2016
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15. Slow positron production and storage for the ASACUSA-Cusp experiment

Author

Murtagh, D.J., primary, Amsler, C., additional, Breuker, H., additional, Bumbar, M., additional, Chesnevskaya, S., additional, Costantini, G., additional, Ferragut, R., additional, Giammarchi, M., additional, Gligorova, A., additional, Gosta, G., additional, Higaki, H., additional, Hunter, E.D., additional, Killian, C., additional, Kraxberger, V., additional, Kuroda, N., additional, Lanz, A., additional, Leali, M., additional, Maero, G., additional, Malbrunot, C., additional, Mascagna, V., additional, Matsuda, Y., additional, Mäckel, V., additional, Migliorati, S., additional, Nanda, A., additional, Nowak, L., additional, Parnefjord Gustafsson, F., additional, Rheinfrank, S., additional, Romé, M., additional, Simon, M.C., additional, Tajima, M., additional, Toso, V., additional, Ulmer, S., additional, Venturelli, L., additional, Weiser, A., additional, Widmann, E., additional, Wolz, T., additional, Yamazaki, Y., additional, and Zmeskal, J., additional

Published
2023
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20. Ion transport and gas collision effects in a radio frequency quadrupole cooler: installation in the Eltrap solenoid and beam calculations.

Author

Cavenago, M., Romé, M., Maero, G., Cavaliere, F., Comunian, M., Maggiore, M., and Ruzzon, A.

Subjects
*MAGNETIC field effects, *QUADRUPOLES, *BEAM dynamics, *SOLENOIDS, *ROOT-mean-squares, *RADIO frequency, *ION bombardment
Abstract

Radio frequency quadrupole coolers (RFQCs) are very suitable to cool ion beams with moderate energy spread, typically ions of exotic nuclear species (like $^{132}$ Sn $^{1+}$) as in the Selective Production of Exotic Species project at the Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, whose ion source supplies 40 keV ions. Beam dynamics includes ion–gas collisions (with a balance of cooling and diffusion effects), acceleration and deceleration and radiofrequency confinement, which can be supplemented by static magnetic field effects. Insertion of a prototype RFQC in the solenoid of the Eltrap machine is also discussed here, with innovations in beam extraction and in modelling, now also based on stochastic equations. Practical consideration on gas pumping and voltage distribution are also included. Typical limits of RFQC are discussed, with special attention to the extracted beam root mean square emittance, which is shown to strongly depend not only on cooler parameters, but also on extraction optics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. Slow positron production and storage for the ASACUSA-Cusp experiment

Author

Murtagh, D.J., Amsler, C., Breuker, H., Bumbar, M., Chesnevskaya, S., Costantini, G., Ferragut, R., Giammarchi, M., Gligorova, A., Gosta, G., Higaki, H., Hunter, E.D., Killian, C., Kraxberger, V., Kuroda, N., Lanz, A., Leali, M., Maero, G., Mal­bru­not, C., Mascagna, V., Matsuda, Y., Mäckel, V., Migliorati, S., Nanda, A., Nowak, L., Gustafsson, F. Parnefjord, Rheinfrank, S., Romé, M., Simon, M.C., Tajima, M., Toso, V., Ulmer, S., Venturelli, L., Weiser, A., Widmann, E., Wolz, T., Yamazaki, Y., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), physics.plasm-ph, Other Fields of Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, physics.atom-ph, Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

The ASACUSA Cusp experiment requires the production of dense positron plasmas with a high repetition rate to produce a beam of antihydrogen. In this work, details of the positron production apparatus used for the first observation of the antihydrogen beam, and subsequent measurements are described in detail. This apparatus replaced the previous compact trap design resulting in an improvement in positron accumulation by a factor of ($52\pm3)$, Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures

Published
2023
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22. Reducing the background temperature for cyclotron cooling in a cryogenic Penning–Malmberg trap

Author

Amsler, C., primary, Breuker, H., additional, Chesnevskaya, S., additional, Costantini, G., additional, Ferragut, R., additional, Giammarchi, M., additional, Gligorova, A., additional, Gosta, G., additional, Higaki, H., additional, Hunter, E. D., additional, Killian, C., additional, Kletzl, V., additional, Kraxberger, V., additional, Kuroda, N., additional, Lanz, A., additional, Leali, M., additional, Mäckel, V., additional, Maero, G., additional, Malbrunot, C., additional, Mascagna, V., additional, Matsuda, Y., additional, Migliorati, S., additional, Murtagh, D. J., additional, Nagata, Y., additional, Nanda, A., additional, Nowak, L., additional, Pasino, E., additional, Romé, M., additional, Simon, M. C., additional, Tajima, M., additional, Toso, V., additional, Ulmer, S., additional, Venturelli, L., additional, Weiser, A., additional, Widmann, E., additional, Wolz, T., additional, Yamazaki, Y., additional, and Zmeskal, J., additional

Published
2022
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24. Minimizing plasma temperature for antimatter mixing experiments

Author

Hunter, E.D., Amsler, C., Breuker, H., Chesnevskaya, S., Costantini, G., Ferragut, R., Giammarchi, M., Gligorova, A., Gosta, G., Higaki, H., Kanai, Y., Killian, C., Kletzl, V., Kraxberger, V., Kuroda, N., Lanz, A., Leali, M., Mäckel, V., Maero, G., Malbrunot, C., Mascagna, V., Matsuda, Y., Migliorati, S., Murtagh, D.J., Nagata, Y., Nanda, A., Nowak, L., Pasino, E., Romé, M., Simon, M.C., Tajima, M., Toso, V., Ulmer, S., Uggerhøj, U., Venturelli, L., Weiser, A., Widmann, E., Wolz, T., Yamazaki, Y., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Physics::Plasma Physics, physics.plasm-ph, Other Fields of Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

The ASACUSA collaboration produces a beam of antihydrogen atoms by mixing pure positron and antiproton plasmas in a strong magnetic field with a double cusp geometry. The positrons cool via cyclotron radiation inside the cryogenic trap. Low positron temperature is essential for increasing the fraction of antihydrogen atoms which reach the ground state prior to exiting the trap. Many experimental groups observe that such plasmas reach equilibrium at a temperature well above the temperature of the surrounding electrodes. This problem is typically attributed to electronic noise and plasma expansion, which heat the plasma. The present work reports anomalous heating far beyond what can be attributed to those two sources. The heating seems to be a result of the axially open trap geometry, which couples the plasma to the external (300 K) environment via microwave radiation., Comment: Proceedings of the Exotic Atoms (EXA) Conference, Vienna, 2021

Published
2022
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25. Status report of the ASACUSA experiment - progress in 2020 and plans for 2021

Author

Amsler, C, Barna, D, Breuker, H, Chesnevskaya, S, Costantini, G, Ferragut, R, Giammarchi, M, Gligorova, A, Higaki, H, Hori, M, Hunter, E D, Kanai, Y, Kletzl, V, Kraxberger, V, Kuroda, N, Lanz, A, Leali, M, Mäckel, V, Maero, G, Malbrunot, C, Mascagna, V, Matsuda, Y, Migliorati, S, Murtagh, D J, Nagata, Y, Nanda, A, Nowak, L, Pasino, E, Pirkl, W, Romé, M, Simon, M C, Tajima, M, Toso, V, Ulmer, S, Uggerhøj, U, Venturelli, L, Weiser, A, Widmann, E, Wolz, T, Yamazaki, Y, and Zmeskal, J

Subjects
Detectors and Experimental Techniques
Abstract

This is a status report on the progress of the ASACUSA collaboration during 2020 and a report of plans for 2021

Published
2021

26. Demonstration of reduced neoclassical energy transport in Wendelstein 7-X

Author

W7-X Team, Beidler, C. D., Smith, H. M., Alonso, A., Andreeva, T., Baldzuhn, J., Beurskens, M. N. A., Borchardt, M., Bozhenkov, S. A., Brunner, K. J., Damm, H., Drevlak, M., Ford, O. P., Fuchert, G., Geiger, J., Helander, P., Hergenhahn, U., Hirsch, M., Höfel, U., Kazakov, Ye. O., Kleiber, R., Krychowiak, M., Kwak, S., Langenberg, A., Laqua, H. P., Neuner, U., Pablant, N. A., Pasch, E., Pavone, A., Pedersen, T. S., Rahbarnia, K., Schilling, J., Scott, E. R., Stange, T., Svensson, J., Thomsen, H., Turkin, Y., Warmer, F., Wolf, R. C., Zhang, D., Abramovic, I., Äkäslompolo, S., Alcusón, J., Aleynikov, P., Aleynikova, K., Ali, A., Anda, G., Ascasibar, E., Bähner, J. P., Baek, S. G., Balden, M., Banduch, M., Barbui, T., Behr, W., Benndorf, A., Biedermann, C., Biel, W., Blackwell, B., Blanco, E., Blatzheim, M., Ballinger, S., Bluhm, T., Böckenhoff, D., Böswirth, B., Böttger, L.-G., Borsuk, V., Boscary, J., Bosch, H.-S., Brakel, R., Brand, H., Brandt, C., Bräuer, T., Braune, H., Brezinsek, S., Brunner, K.-J., Burhenn, R., Bussiahn, R., Buttenschön, B., Bykov, V., Cai, J., Calvo, I., Cannas, B., Cappa, A., Carls, A., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B., Castejon, F., Charl, A., Chaudhary, N., Chauvin, D., Chernyshev, F., Cianciosa, M., Citarella, R., Claps, G., Coenen, J., Cole, M., Cole, M. J., Cordella, F., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., Czerski, K., Czerwinski, M., Czymek, G., Molin, A. da, Silva, A. da, Pena, A. de la, Degenkolbe, S., Dhard, C. P., Dibon, M., Dinklage, A., Dittmar, T., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Durodie, F., Edlund, E., Effenberg, F., Ehrke, G., Elgeti, S., Endler, M., Ennis, D., Esteban, H., Estrada, T., Fellinger, J., Feng, Y., Flom, E., Fernandes, H., Fietz, W. H., Figacz, W., Fontdecaba, J., Fornal, T., Frerichs, H., Freund, A., Funaba, T., Galkowski, A., Gantenbein, G., Gao, Y., García Regaña, J., Gates, D., Geiger, B., Giannella, V., Gogoleva, A., Goncalves, B., Goriaev, A., Gradic, D., Grahl, M., Green, J., Greuner, H., Grosman, A., Grote, H., Gruca, M., Grulke, O., Guerard, C., Hacker, P., Han, X., Harris, J. H., Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Hein, B., Heinemann, B., Henneberg, S., Henkel, M., Hernandez Sanchez, J., Hidalgo, C., Hollfeld, K. P., Hölting, A., Höschen, D., Houry, M., Howard, J., Huang, X., Huang, Z., Hubeny, M., Huber, M., Hunger, H., Ida, K., Ilkei, T., Illy, S., Israeli, B., Jablonski, S., Jakubowski, M., Jelonnek, J., Jenzsch, H., Jesche, T., Jia, M., Junghanns, P., Kacmarczyk, J., Kallmeyer, J.-P., Kamionka, U., Kasahara, H., Kasparek, W., Kenmochi, N., Killer, C., Kirschner, A., Klinger, T., Knauer, J., Knaup, M., Knieps, A., Kobarg, T., Kocsis, G., Köchl, F., Kolesnichenko, Y., Könies, A., König, R., Kornejew, P., Koschinsky, J.-P., Köster, F., Krämer, M., Krampitz, R., Krämer-Flecken, A., Krawczyk, N., Kremeyer, T., Krom, J., Ksiazek, I., Kubkowska, M., Kühner, G., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurz, P. A., Landreman, M., Lang, P., Lang, R., Langish, S., Laqua, H., Laube, R., Lazerson, S., Lechte, C., Lennartz, M., Leonhardt, W., Li, C., Li, Y., Liang, Y., Linsmeier, C., Liu, S., Lobsien, J.-F., Loesser, D., Loizu Cisquella, J., Lore, J., Lorenz, A., Losert, M., Lücke, A., Lumsdaine, A., Lutsenko, V., Maaßberg, H., Marchuk, O., Matthew, J. H., Marsen, S., Marushchenko, M., Masuzaki, S., Maurer, D., Mayer, M., McCarthy, K., McNeely, P., Meier, A., Mellein, D., Mendelevitch, B., Mertens, P., Mikkelsen, D., Mishchenko, A., Missal, B., Mittelstaedt, J., Mizuuchi, T., Mollen, A., Moncada, V., Mönnich, T., Morisaki, T., Moseev, D., Murakami, S., Náfrádi, G., Nagel, M., Naujoks, D., Neilson, H., Neu, R., Neubauer, O., Ngo, T., Nicolai, D., Nielsen, S. K., Niemann, H., Nishizawa, T., Nocentini, R., Nührenberg, C., Nührenberg, J., Obermayer, S., Offermanns, G., Ogawa, K., Ölmanns, J., Ongena, J., Oosterbeek, J. W., Orozco, G., Otte, M., Pacios Rodriguez, L., Panadero, N., Panadero Alvarez, N., Papenfuß, D., Paqay, S., Pawelec, E., Pelka, G., Perseo, V., Peterson, B., Pilopp, D., Pingel, S., Pisano, F., Plaum, B., Plunk, G., Pölöskei, P., Porkolab, M., Proll, J., Puiatti, M.-E., Puig Sitjes, A., Purps, F., Rack, M., Récsei, S., Reiman, A., Reimold, F., Reiter, D., Remppel, F., Renard, S., Riedl, R., Riemann, J., Risse, K., Rohde, V., Röhlinger, H., Romé, M., Rondeshagen, D., Rong, P., Roth, B., Rudischhauser, L., Rummel, K., Rummel, T., Runov, A., Rust, N., Ryc, L., Ryosuke, S., Sakamoto, R., Salewski, M., Samartsev, A., Sanchez, M., Sano, F., Satake, S., Schacht, J., Satheeswaran, G., Schauer, F., Scherer, T., Schlaich, A., Schlisio, G., Schluck, F., Schlüter, K.-H., Schmitt, J., Schmitz, H., Schmitz, O., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schneider, W., Scholz, P., Schrittwieser, R., Schröder, M., Schröder, T., Schroeder, R., Schumacher, H., Schweer, B., Sereda, S., Shanahan, B., Sibilia, M., Sinha, P., Sipliä, S., Slaby, C., Sleczka, M., Spiess, W., Spong, D. A., Spring, A., Stadler, R., Stejner, M., Stephey, L., Stridde, U., Suzuki, C., Szabó, V., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, T., Szökefalvi-Nagy, Z., Tamura, N., Tancetti, A., Terry, J., Thomas, J., Thumm, M., Travere, J. M., Traverso, P., Tretter, J., Trimino Mora, H., Tsuchiya, H., Tsujimura, T., Tulipán, S., Unterberg, B., Vakulchyk, I., Valet, S., Vanó, L., Eeten, P. van, Milligen, B. van, Vuuren, A. J. van, Vela, L., Velasco, J.-L., Vergote, M., Vervier, M., Vianello, N., Viebke, H., Vilbrandt, R., Stechow, A. von, Vorköper, A., Wadle, S., Wagner, F., Wang, E., Wang, N., Wang, Z., Wauters, T., Wegener, L., Weggen, J., Wegner, T., Wei, Y., Weir, G., Wendorf, J., Wenzel, U., Werner, A., White, A., Wiegel, B., Wilde, F., Windisch, T., Winkler, M., Winter, A., Winters, V., Wolf, S., Wright, A., Wurden, G., Xanthopoulos, P., Yamada, H., Yamada, I., Yasuhara, R., Yokoyama, M., Zanini, M., Zarnstorff, M., Zeitler, A., Zhang, H., Zhu, J., Zilker, M., Zocco, A., Zoletnik, S., Zuin, M., W7-X Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society, Applied Physics and Science Education, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, Turbulence in Fusion Plasmas, and European Commission

Subjects
Magnetically Confined Plasmas, Tokamak, Design, Helias, Nuclear engineering, Magnetically confined plasmas, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Article, Plasma physics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear fusion, 010306 general physics, Engineering & allied operations, Stellarator, Physics, Plasma fusion, Multidisciplinary, Toroid, biology, Plasma Physics, Física, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, biology.organism_classification, Energía Nuclear, ddc:620, Wendelstein 7-X
Abstract

Research on magnetic confinement of high-temperature plasmas has the ultimate goal of harnessing nuclear fusion for the production of electricity. Although the tokamak1 is the leading toroidal magnetic-confinement concept, it is not without shortcomings and the fusion community has therefore also pursued alternative concepts such as the stellarator. Unlike axisymmetric tokamaks, stellarators possess a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field geometry. The availability of this additional dimension opens up an extensive configuration space for computational optimization of both the field geometry itself and the current-carrying coils that produce it. Such an optimization was undertaken in designing Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X)2, a large helical-axis advanced stellarator (HELIAS), which began operation in 2015 at Greifswald, Germany. A major drawback of 3D magnetic field geometry, however, is that it introduces a strong temperature dependence into the stellarator’s non-turbulent ‘neoclassical’ energy transport. Indeed, such energy losses will become prohibitive in high-temperature reactor plasmas unless a strong reduction of the geometrical factor associated with this transport can be achieved; such a reduction was therefore a principal goal of the design of W7-X. In spite of the modest heating power currently available, W7-X has already been able to achieve high-temperature plasma conditions during its 2017 and 2018 experimental campaigns, producing record values of the fusion triple product for such stellarator plasmas3,4. The triple product of plasma density, ion temperature and energy confinement time is used in fusion research as a figure of merit, as it must attain a certain threshold value before net-energy-producing operation of a reactor becomes possible1,5. Here we demonstrate that such record values provide evidence for reduced neoclassical energy transport in W7-X, as the plasma profiles that produced these results could not have been obtained in stellarators lacking a comparably high level of neoclassical optimization., Previously documented record values of the fusion triple product in the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X are shown to be evidence for reduced neoclassical energy transport in this optimized device.

Published
2021

28. Laser-driven proton acceleration via excitation of surface plasmon polaritons into TiO2nanotube array targets

Author

Cristoforetti, G, Cristoforetti, G, Baffigi, F, Brandi, F, D'Arrigo, G, Fazzi, A, Fulgentini, L, Giove, D, Koester, P, Labate, L, Maero, G, Palla, D, Romé, M, Russo, R, Terzani, D, Tomassini, P, Gizzi, LA, Cristoforetti, G, Cristoforetti, G, Baffigi, F, Brandi, F, D'Arrigo, G, Fazzi, A, Fulgentini, L, Giove, D, Koester, P, Labate, L, Maero, G, Palla, D, Romé, M, Russo, R, Terzani, D, Tomassini, P, and Gizzi, LA

Abstract

In this paper we report the measurement of laser-driven proton acceleration obtained by irradiating nanotube array targets with ultrashort laser pulses at an intensity in excess of 1020 W cm-2. The energetic spectra of forward accelerated protons show a larger flux and a higher proton cutoff energy if compared to flat foils of comparable thickness. Particle-In-Cell 2D simulations reveal that packed nanotube targets favour a better laser-plasma coupling and produce an efficient generation of fast electrons moving through the target. Due to their sub-wavelength size, the propagation of e.m. field into the tubes is made possible by the excitation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons, travelling down to the end of the target and assuring a continuous electron acceleration. The higher amount and energy of these electrons result in turn in a stronger electric sheath field on the rear surface of the target and in a more efficient acceleration of the protons via the target normal sheath acceleration mechanism.

Published
2020

32. Laser-driven proton acceleration via excitation of surface plasmon polaritons into TiO2 nanotube array targets

Author

Cristoforetti, G, primary, Baffigi, F, additional, Brandi, F, additional, D’Arrigo, G, additional, Fazzi, A, additional, Fulgentini, L, additional, Giove, D, additional, Koester, P, additional, Labate, L, additional, Maero, G, additional, Palla, D, additional, Romé, M, additional, Russo, R, additional, Terzani, D, additional, Tomassini, P, additional, and Gizzi, L A, additional

Published
2020
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33. Intense proton acceleration in ultrarelativistic interaction with nanochannels

Author

Gizzi, L. A., primary, Cristoforetti, G., additional, Baffigi, F., additional, Brandi, F., additional, D'Arrigo, G., additional, Fazzi, A., additional, Fulgentini, L., additional, Giove, D., additional, Koester, P., additional, Labate, L., additional, Maero, G., additional, Palla, D., additional, Romé, M., additional, Russo, M., additional, Terzani, D., additional, and Tomassini, P., additional

Published
2020
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36. Beam and installation improvements of the NIO1 ion source

Author

Cavenago, M., primary, Barbisan, M., additional, Delogu, R., additional, Pimazzoni, A., additional, Poggi, C., additional, Ugoletti, M., additional, Agostini, M., additional, Antoni, V., additional, Baltador, C., additional, Cervaro, V., additional, De Muri, M., additional, Giora, D., additional, Jain, P., additional, Laterza, B., additional, Maero, G., additional, Maniero, M., additional, Martini, D., additional, Minarello, A., additional, Ravarotto, D., additional, Recchia, D., additional, Rizzolo, A., additional, Romé, M., additional, Sartori, E., additional, Sattin, M., additional, Serianni, G., additional, Taccogna, F., additional, Valentino, V., additional, Variale, V., additional, and Veltri, P., additional

Published
2020
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39. Status of the SPARC project

Author

Alesini, D., primary, Bertolucci, S., additional, Biaginf, M.E., additional, Biscari, C., additional, Boni, R., additional, Boscolo, M., additional, Castellano, M., additional, Clozza, A., additional, Pirro, G.Di, additional, Drago, A., additional, Esposito, A., additional, Ferrario, M., additional, Fusco, V., additional, Gallo, A., additional, Ghigo, A., additional, Guiducci, S., additional, Incurvati, M., additional, Ligi, C., additional, Marcellini, F., additional, Migliorati, M., additional, Milardi, C., additional, Mostacci, A., additional, Palumbo, L., additional, Pellegrino, L., additional, Preger, M., additional, Raimondi, P., additional, Ricci, R., additional, Sanelli, C., additional, Serio, M., additional, Sgamma, F., additional, Spataro, B., additional, Stecchi, A., additional, Stella, A., additional, Tazzioli, F., additional, Vaccarezza, C., additional, Vescovi, M., additional, Vicario, C., additional, Zobov, M., additional, Alessandria, F., additional, Bacci, A., additional, Boscolo, I., additional, Broggi, F., additional, Cialdi, S., additional, DeMartinis, C., additional, Giove, D., additional, Maroli, C., additional, Mauri, M., additional, Petrillo, V., additional, Romé, M., additional, Serafini, L., additional, Levi, D., additional, Mattioli, M., additional, Medici, G., additional, Catani, L., additional, Chiadroni, E., additional, Tazzari, S., additional, Bartolini, R., additional, Ciocci, F., additional, Dattoli, G., additional, Doria, A., additional, Flora, F., additional, Gallerano, G.P., additional, Giannessi, L., additional, Giovenale, E., additional, Messina, G., additional, Mezi, L., additional, Ottaviani, P.L., additional, Pagnutti, S., additional, Picardi, L., additional, Quattromini, M., additional, Renieri, A., additional, Ronsivalle, C., additional, Cianchi, A., additional, Angelo, A.D., additional, Salvo, R.Di, additional, Fantini, A., additional, Moricciani, D., additional, Schaerf, C., additional, and Rosenzweig, J.B., additional

Published
2004
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40. Improvements of the NIO1 Installation for Negative Ion Sources

Author

Cavenago M., Delogu R., Barbisan M., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Agostini M., Antoni V., Baltador C., Cervaro V., De Muri M., Giora D., Jain P., Laterza B., Maero G., Martini D., Minarello A., Ravarotto D., Recchia M., Rizzolo A., Romé M., Sartori E., Sattin M., Serianni G., Taccogna F., Ugoletti M., Variale V., and Veltri P.

Subjects
NIO1, Negative Ion Sources
Abstract

In view of the long term operation of neutral beam injectors (NBI) used for stellaratorand tokamak heating and current drive, the negative ion source must be carefully optimized,especially because not only plasma but also surface wall conditions are involved in H- or D-production. The NIO1 (negative ion optimization phase 1) installation was developed and isoperated since 2014 (in close collaboration between Consorzio RFX and INFN), as a convenientbenchmark to study innovative solutions and to address physical questions. The comparativelysmaller size of NIO1 (a relatively compact and modular 9 beamlet H- source) is of evidentadvantage for detailed modeling. The apparent plasma impedance is well in agreement withnegligible rf reflection at plasma on, and reflections with plasma off (about 25 %) are well withinlimits tolerable by rf amplifier; transition between E and H modes of rf coupling can be controlledby increasing rf power or by decreasing gas pressure. The filter field intensity, Bx, has beenextended to span the [-12, 5] mT range, and as a trend, source performances improve with |Bx|.Status and results of a first NIO1 cesium oven are reported. Installation of the Cavity Ring DownSpectrometer (CRDS) and recent years progress of beam diagnostics and of the quality of thevolume-produced H- beam are briefly discussed, together with the status of the NIO1 full power"end calorimeter/beam imaging attenuator", to be placed at the end flange with auxiliary flangesfor infrared observation. Conceptual tests of energy recovery system, perhaps using this fullpower calorimeter are also summarized.

Published
2019

41. Experiments on negative ion sources at the NIO1 installation

Author

Cavenago M., Barbisan M., Delogu R., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Antoni V., Baltador C., Cervaro V., Jain P., Laterza B., Maero G., Maniero M., Martini D., Minarello A., Ravarotto D., Recchia M., Romé M., Taccogna F., Ugoletti M., Variale V., Veltri P., and Serianni G.

Subjects
Neutral Beam Injector, NIO1, Negative Ion Source, Physics::Accelerator Physics, NBI
Abstract

Negative ion sources are a critical component of neutral beam injectors NBI (used for stellarator and tokamak heating and current drive), due to the stringent requirement current density, beam divergence and operational stability. In support to the NBI development, a relatively compact 9 beamlet H- source (named NIO1, for negative ion optimization phase 1) was developed in close collaboration between Consorzio RFX and INFN, and is operated since 2014, for studying the influence of magnetic field configuration and other conditions on extracted beam. A robust rf system (amplifier can tolerate the load mismatch at plasma onset) and strong water cooling of the ion source and accelerator allow CW operation of the beam, well over the one hour pulse length required by ITER. A dedicated Cs oven (including a hot closure valve) was verified in separated test stand, where final calibrations are in progress, for installation in NIO1. Effects of several magnetic field configurations were studied in NIO1 in pure volume production conditions, which in principle should guarantee long term stability of extracted beam; spontaneous and unexpected fluctuations of plasma regime (with time scale in the order of minutes, or tens of minutes) were sometimes observed, and partly related to several changes in operational procedures (history of pressure changes). As a general trend, the typical source perfomances improve with strength of the magnetic field filter (with collected data spanning from 1 to 12 mT), which also helps to reduce the coextracted electron current. Evolution of diagnostic and simulation development is also summarized in this contribution: the beam images taken by two orthogonal cameras and the beam optics simulation are in fair agreement. Some development of energy recovery system and related full power beam calorimeter are also noted. More detailed modelling of source plasma will benefit from data of Cavity Ring Down Spectrometer whose installation, nearly finished, is also described.

Published
2019

42. Status of the SPARC project

Author

Alesini, D, Bertolucci, S, Biagini, M.E, Biscari, C, Boni, R, Boscolo, M, Castellano, M, Clozza, A, Di Pirro, G, Drago, A, Esposito, A, Ferrario, M, Fusco, V, Gallo, A, Ghigo, A, Guiducci, S, Incurvati, M, Ligi, C, Marcellini, F, Migliorati, M, Milardi, C, Mostacci, A, Palumbo, L, Pellegrino, L, Preger, M, Raimondi, P, Ricci, R, Sanelli, C, Serio, M, Sgamma, F, Spataro, B, Stecchi, A, Stella, A, Tazzioli, F, Vaccarezza, C, Vescovi, M, Vicario, C, Zobov, M, Alessandria, F, Bacci, A, Boscolo, I, Broggi, F, Cialdi, S, DeMartinis, C, Giove, D, Maroli, C, Mauri, M, Petrillo, V, Romè, M, Serafini, L, Levi, D, Mattioli, M, Medici, G, Catani, L, Chiadroni, E, Tazzari, S, Bartolini, R, Ciocci, F, Dattoli, G, Doria, A, Flora, F, Gallerano, G.P, Giannessi, L, Giovenale, E, Messina, G, Mezi, L, Ottaviani, P.L, Pagnutti, S, Picardi, L, Quattromini, M, Renieri, A, Ronsivalle, C, Cianchi, A, Angelo, A.D, Di Salvo, R, Fantini, A, Moricciani, D, Schaerf, C, and Rosenzweig, J.B

Published
2004
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43. Overview of first Wendelstein 7-X high-performance operation

Author

Klinger, T., Andreeva, T., Bozhenkov, S., Brandt, C., Burhenn, R., Buttenschön, B., Fuchert, G., Geiger, B., Grulke, O., Laqua, H., Pablant, N., Rahbarnia, K., Stange, T., von Stechow, A., Tamura, N., Thomsen, H., Turkin, Y., Wegner, T., Abramovic, I., Äkäslompolo, S., Alcuson, J., Aleynikov, P., Aleynikova, K., Ali, A., Alonso, A., Anda, G., Ascasibar, E., Bähner, J.P., Baek, S.G., Balden, M., Baldzuhn, J., Banduch, M., Barbui, T., Behr, W., Beidler, C., Benndorf, A., Biedermann, C., Biel, W., Blackwell, B., Blanco, E., Blatzheim, M., Ballinger, S., Bluhm, T., Böckenhoff, D., Böswirth, B., Böttger, L.-G., Borchardt, M., Borsuk, V., Boscary, J., Bosch, H.-S., Beurskens, M., Brakel, R., Brand, H., Bräuer, T., Braune, H., Brezinsek, S., Brunner, K.-J., Bussiahn, R., Bykov, V., Cai, J., Calvo, I., Cannas, B., Cappa, A., Carls, A., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B., Castejon, F., Charl, A., Chaudhary, N., Chauvin, D., Chernyshev, F., Cianciosa, M., Citarella, R., Claps, G., Coenen, J., Cole, M.J., Cordella, F., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., Czerski, K., Czerwinski, M., Czymek, G., da Molin, A., da Silva, A., Damm, H., de la Pena, A., Degenkolbe, S., Dhard, C.P., Dibon, M., Dinklage, A., Dittmar, T., Drevlak, M., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Durodie, F., Edlund, E., van Eeten, P., Effenberg, F., Ehrke, G., Elgeti, S., Endler, M., Ennis, D., Esteban, H., Estrada, T., Fellinger, J., Feng, Y., Flom, E., Fernandes, H., Fietz, W.H., Figacz, W., Fontdecaba, J., Ford, O., Fornal, T., Frerichs, H., Freund, A., Funaba, T., Galkowski, A., Gantenbein, G., Gao, Y., García Regaña, J., Gates, D., Geiger, J., Giannella, V., Gogoleva, A., Goncalves, B., Goriaev, A., Gradic, D., Grahl, M., Green, J., Greuner, H., Grosman, A., Grote, H., Gruca, M., Guerard, C., Hacker, P., Han, X., Harris, J.H., Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Hein, B., Heinemann, B., Helander, P., Henneberg, S., Henkel, M., Hernandez Sanchez, J., Hidalgo, C., Hirsch, M., Hollfeld, K.P., Höfel, U., Hölting, A., Höschen, D., Houry, M., Howard, J., Huang, X., Huang, Z., Hubeny, M., Huber, M., Hunger, H., Ida, K., Ilkei, T., Illy, S., Israeli, B., Jablonski, S., Jakubowski, M., Jelonnek, J., Jenzsch, H., Jesche, T., Jia, M., Junghanns, P., Kacmarczyk, J., Kallmeyer, J.-P., Kamionka, U., Kasahara, H., Kasparek, W., Kazakov, Y.O., Kenmochi, N., Killer, C., Kirschner, A., Kleiber, R., Knauer, J., Knaup, M., Knieps, A., Kobarg, T., Kocsis, G., Köchl, F., Kolesnichenko, Y., Könies, A., König, R., Kornejew, P., Koschinsky, J.-P., Köster, F., Krämer, M., Krampitz, R., Krämer-Flecken, A., Krawczyk, N., Kremeyer, T., Krom, J., Krychowiak, M., Ksiazek, I., Kubkowska, M., Kühner, G., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurz, P.A., Kwak, S., Landreman, M., Lang, P., Lang, R., Langenberg, A., Langish, S., Laube, R., Lazerson, S., Lechte, C., Lennartz, M., Leonhardt, W., Li, C., Li, Y., Liang, Y., Linsmeier, C., Liu, S., Lobsien, J.-F., Loesser, D., Loizu Cisquella, J., Lore, J., Lorenz, A., Losert, M., Lücke, A., Lumsdaine, A., Lutsenko, V., Maaßberg, H., Marchuk, O., Matthew, J.H., Marsen, S., Marushchenko, M., Masuzaki, S., Maurer, D., Mayer, M., McCarthy, K., McNeely, P., Meier, A., Mellein, D., Mendelevitch, B., Mertens, P., Mikkelsen, D., Mishchenko, A., Missal, B., Mittelstaedt, J., Mizuuchi, T., Mollen, A., Moncada, V., Mönnich, T., Morisaki, T., Moseev, D., Murakami, S., Náfrádi, G., Nagel, M., Naujoks, D., Neilson, H., Neu, R., Neubauer, O., Neuner, U., Ngo, T., Nicolai, D., Nielsen, S.K., Niemann, H., Nishizawa, T., Nocentini, R., Nührenberg, C., Nührenberg, J., Obermayer, S., Offermanns, G., Ogawa, K., Ölmanns, J., Ongena, J., Oosterbeek, J.W., Orozco, G., Otte, M., Pacios Rodriguez, L., Panadero, N., Panadero Alvarez, N., Papenfuß, D., Paqay, S., Pasch, E., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Pedersen, T.S., Pelka, G., Perseo, V., Peterson, B., Pilopp, D., Pingel, S., Pisano, F., Plaum, B., Plunk, G., Pölöskei, P., Porkolab, M., Proll, J., Puiatti, M.-E., Puig Sitjes, A., Purps, F., Rack, M., Récsei, S., Reiman, A., Reimold, F., Reiter, D., Remppel, F., Renard, S., Riedl, R., Riemann, J., Risse, K., Rohde, V., Röhlinger, H., Romé, M., Rondeshagen, D., Rong, P., Roth, B., Rudischhauser, L., Rummel, K., Rummel, T., Runov, A., Rust, N., Ryc, L., Ryosuke, S., Sakamoto, R., Salewski, M., Samartsev, A., Sanchez, E., Sano, F., Satake, S., Schacht, J., Satheeswaran, G., Schauer, F., Scherer, T., Schilling, J., Schlaich, A., Schlisio, G., Schluck, F., Schlüter, K.-H., Schmitt, J., Schmitz, H., Schmitz, O., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schneider, W., Scholz, P., Schrittwieser, R., Schröder, M., Schröder, T., Schroeder, R., Schumacher, H., Schweer, B., Scott, E., Sereda, S., Shanahan, B., Sibilia, M., Sinha, P., Sipliä, S., Slaby, C., Sleczka, M., Smith, H., Spiess, W., Spong, D.A., Spring, A., Stadler, R., Stejner, M., Stephey, L., Stridde, U., Suzuki, C., Svensson, J., Szabó, V., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, T., Szökefalvi-Nagy, Z., Tancetti, A., Terry, J., Thomas, J., Thumm, M., Travere, J.M., Traverso, P., Tretter, J., Trimino Mora, H., Tsuchiya, H., Tsujimura, T., Tulipán, S., Unterberg, B., Vakulchyk, I., Valet, S., Vano, L., van Milligen, B., van Vuuren, A.J., Vela, L., Velasco, J.-L., Vergote, M., Vervier, M., Vianello, N., Viebke, H., Vilbrandt, R., Vorköper, A., Wadle, S., Wagner, F., Wang, E., Wang, N., Wang, Z., Warmer, F., Wauters, T., Wegener, L., Weggen, J., Wei, Y., Weir, G., Wendorf, J., Wenzel, U., Werner, A., White, A., Wiegel, B., Wilde, F., Windisch, T., Winkler, M., Winter, A., Winters, V., Wolf, S., Wolf, R.C., Wright, A., Wurden, G., Xanthopoulos, P., Yamada, H., Yamada, I., Yasuhara, R., Yokoyama, M., Zanini, M., Zarnstorff, M., Zeitler, A., Zhang, D., Zhang, H., Zhu, J., Zilker, M., Zocco, A., Zoletnik, S., Zuin, M., Klinger, T., Andreeva, T., Bozhenkov, S., Brandt, C., Burhenn, R., Buttenschön, B., Fuchert, G., Geiger, B., Grulke, O., Laqua, H., Pablant, N., Rahbarnia, K., Stange, T., von Stechow, A., Tamura, N., Thomsen, H., Turkin, Y., Wegner, T., Abramovic, I., Äkäslompolo, S., Alcuson, J., Aleynikov, P., Aleynikova, K., Ali, A., Alonso, A., Anda, G., Ascasibar, E., Bähner, J.P., Baek, S.G., Balden, M., Baldzuhn, J., Banduch, M., Barbui, T., Behr, W., Beidler, C., Benndorf, A., Biedermann, C., Biel, W., Blackwell, B., Blanco, E., Blatzheim, M., Ballinger, S., Bluhm, T., Böckenhoff, D., Böswirth, B., Böttger, L.-G., Borchardt, M., Borsuk, V., Boscary, J., Bosch, H.-S., Beurskens, M., Brakel, R., Brand, H., Bräuer, T., Braune, H., Brezinsek, S., Brunner, K.-J., Bussiahn, R., Bykov, V., Cai, J., Calvo, I., Cannas, B., Cappa, A., Carls, A., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B., Castejon, F., Charl, A., Chaudhary, N., Chauvin, D., Chernyshev, F., Cianciosa, M., Citarella, R., Claps, G., Coenen, J., Cole, M.J., Cordella, F., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., Czerski, K., Czerwinski, M., Czymek, G., da Molin, A., da Silva, A., Damm, H., de la Pena, A., Degenkolbe, S., Dhard, C.P., Dibon, M., Dinklage, A., Dittmar, T., Drevlak, M., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Durodie, F., Edlund, E., van Eeten, P., Effenberg, F., Ehrke, G., Elgeti, S., Endler, M., Ennis, D., Esteban, H., Estrada, T., Fellinger, J., Feng, Y., Flom, E., Fernandes, H., Fietz, W.H., Figacz, W., Fontdecaba, J., Ford, O., Fornal, T., Frerichs, H., Freund, A., Funaba, T., Galkowski, A., Gantenbein, G., Gao, Y., García Regaña, J., Gates, D., Geiger, J., Giannella, V., Gogoleva, A., Goncalves, B., Goriaev, A., Gradic, D., Grahl, M., Green, J., Greuner, H., Grosman, A., Grote, H., Gruca, M., Guerard, C., Hacker, P., Han, X., Harris, J.H., Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Hein, B., Heinemann, B., Helander, P., Henneberg, S., Henkel, M., Hernandez Sanchez, J., Hidalgo, C., Hirsch, M., Hollfeld, K.P., Höfel, U., Hölting, A., Höschen, D., Houry, M., Howard, J., Huang, X., Huang, Z., Hubeny, M., Huber, M., Hunger, H., Ida, K., Ilkei, T., Illy, S., Israeli, B., Jablonski, S., Jakubowski, M., Jelonnek, J., Jenzsch, H., Jesche, T., Jia, M., Junghanns, P., Kacmarczyk, J., Kallmeyer, J.-P., Kamionka, U., Kasahara, H., Kasparek, W., Kazakov, Y.O., Kenmochi, N., Killer, C., Kirschner, A., Kleiber, R., Knauer, J., Knaup, M., Knieps, A., Kobarg, T., Kocsis, G., Köchl, F., Kolesnichenko, Y., Könies, A., König, R., Kornejew, P., Koschinsky, J.-P., Köster, F., Krämer, M., Krampitz, R., Krämer-Flecken, A., Krawczyk, N., Kremeyer, T., Krom, J., Krychowiak, M., Ksiazek, I., Kubkowska, M., Kühner, G., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurz, P.A., Kwak, S., Landreman, M., Lang, P., Lang, R., Langenberg, A., Langish, S., Laube, R., Lazerson, S., Lechte, C., Lennartz, M., Leonhardt, W., Li, C., Li, Y., Liang, Y., Linsmeier, C., Liu, S., Lobsien, J.-F., Loesser, D., Loizu Cisquella, J., Lore, J., Lorenz, A., Losert, M., Lücke, A., Lumsdaine, A., Lutsenko, V., Maaßberg, H., Marchuk, O., Matthew, J.H., Marsen, S., Marushchenko, M., Masuzaki, S., Maurer, D., Mayer, M., McCarthy, K., McNeely, P., Meier, A., Mellein, D., Mendelevitch, B., Mertens, P., Mikkelsen, D., Mishchenko, A., Missal, B., Mittelstaedt, J., Mizuuchi, T., Mollen, A., Moncada, V., Mönnich, T., Morisaki, T., Moseev, D., Murakami, S., Náfrádi, G., Nagel, M., Naujoks, D., Neilson, H., Neu, R., Neubauer, O., Neuner, U., Ngo, T., Nicolai, D., Nielsen, S.K., Niemann, H., Nishizawa, T., Nocentini, R., Nührenberg, C., Nührenberg, J., Obermayer, S., Offermanns, G., Ogawa, K., Ölmanns, J., Ongena, J., Oosterbeek, J.W., Orozco, G., Otte, M., Pacios Rodriguez, L., Panadero, N., Panadero Alvarez, N., Papenfuß, D., Paqay, S., Pasch, E., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Pedersen, T.S., Pelka, G., Perseo, V., Peterson, B., Pilopp, D., Pingel, S., Pisano, F., Plaum, B., Plunk, G., Pölöskei, P., Porkolab, M., Proll, J., Puiatti, M.-E., Puig Sitjes, A., Purps, F., Rack, M., Récsei, S., Reiman, A., Reimold, F., Reiter, D., Remppel, F., Renard, S., Riedl, R., Riemann, J., Risse, K., Rohde, V., Röhlinger, H., Romé, M., Rondeshagen, D., Rong, P., Roth, B., Rudischhauser, L., Rummel, K., Rummel, T., Runov, A., Rust, N., Ryc, L., Ryosuke, S., Sakamoto, R., Salewski, M., Samartsev, A., Sanchez, E., Sano, F., Satake, S., Schacht, J., Satheeswaran, G., Schauer, F., Scherer, T., Schilling, J., Schlaich, A., Schlisio, G., Schluck, F., Schlüter, K.-H., Schmitt, J., Schmitz, H., Schmitz, O., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schneider, W., Scholz, P., Schrittwieser, R., Schröder, M., Schröder, T., Schroeder, R., Schumacher, H., Schweer, B., Scott, E., Sereda, S., Shanahan, B., Sibilia, M., Sinha, P., Sipliä, S., Slaby, C., Sleczka, M., Smith, H., Spiess, W., Spong, D.A., Spring, A., Stadler, R., Stejner, M., Stephey, L., Stridde, U., Suzuki, C., Svensson, J., Szabó, V., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, T., Szökefalvi-Nagy, Z., Tancetti, A., Terry, J., Thomas, J., Thumm, M., Travere, J.M., Traverso, P., Tretter, J., Trimino Mora, H., Tsuchiya, H., Tsujimura, T., Tulipán, S., Unterberg, B., Vakulchyk, I., Valet, S., Vano, L., van Milligen, B., van Vuuren, A.J., Vela, L., Velasco, J.-L., Vergote, M., Vervier, M., Vianello, N., Viebke, H., Vilbrandt, R., Vorköper, A., Wadle, S., Wagner, F., Wang, E., Wang, N., Wang, Z., Warmer, F., Wauters, T., Wegener, L., Weggen, J., Wei, Y., Weir, G., Wendorf, J., Wenzel, U., Werner, A., White, A., Wiegel, B., Wilde, F., Windisch, T., Winkler, M., Winter, A., Winters, V., Wolf, S., Wolf, R.C., Wright, A., Wurden, G., Xanthopoulos, P., Yamada, H., Yamada, I., Yasuhara, R., Yokoyama, M., Zanini, M., Zarnstorff, M., Zeitler, A., Zhang, D., Zhang, H., Zhu, J., Zilker, M., Zocco, A., Zoletnik, S., and Zuin, M.

Abstract

The optimized superconducting stellarator device Wendelstein 7-X (with major radiusR = 5.5 m, minor radius a = 0.5 m, and 30 m3 plasma volume) restarted operation after the assembly of a graphite heat shield and 10 inertially cooled island divertor modules. This paper reports on the results from the first high-performance plasma operation. Glow discharge conditioning and ECRH conditioning discharges in helium turned out to be important for density and edge radiation control. Plasma densities of 1–4.5 × 1019 m−3 with central electron temperatures 5–10 keV were routinely achieved with hydrogen gas fueling, frequently terminated by a radiative collapse. In a first stage, plasma densities up to 1.4 × 1020 m−3 were reached with hydrogen pellet injection and helium gas fueling. Here, the ions are indirectly heated, and at a central density of 8 · 1019 m−3 a temperature of 3.4 keV with Te/Ti = 1 was transiently accomplished, which corresponds to nTi(0)τE = 6.4 × 1019 keV s m−3 with a peak diamagnetic energy of 1.1 MJ and volume-averaged normalized plasma pressure β = 1.2%. The routine access to high plasma densities was opened with boronization of the first wall. After boronization, the oxygen impurity content was reduced by a factor of 10, the carbon impurity content by a factor of 5. The reduced (edge) plasma radiation level gives routinely access to higher densities without radiation collapse, e.g. well above 1 × 1020 m−2 line integrated density and Te = Ti = 2 keV central temperatures at moderate ECRH power. Both X2 and O2 mode ECRH schemes were successfully applied. Core turbulence was measured with a phase contrast imaging diagnostic and suppression of turbulence during pellet injection was observed.

Published
2019

44. The SPARC project: a high-brightness electron beam source at LNF to drive a SASE-FEL experiment

Author

Alesini, D., Bertolucci, S., Biagini, M.E., Biscari, C., Boni, R., Boscolo, M., Castellano, M., Clozza, A., Di Pirro, G., Drago, A., Esposito, A., Ferrario, M., Fusco, V., Gallo, A., Ghigo, A., Guiducci, S., Incurvati, M., Laurelli, P., Ligi, C., Marcellini, F., Migliorati, M., Milardi, C., Palumbo, L., Pellegrino, L., Preger, M., Raimondi, P., Ricci, R., Sanelli, C., Sgamma, F., Spataro, B., Serio, M., Stecchi, A., Stella, A., Tazzioli, F., Vaccarezza, C., Vescovi, M., Vicario, C., Zobov, M., Acerbi, E., Alessandria, F., Barni, D., Bellomo, G., Boscolo, I., Broggi, F., Cialdi, S., DeMartinis, C., Giove, D., Maroli, C., Petrillo, V., Rome’, M., Serafini, L., Chiadroni, E., Felici, G., Levi, D., Mastrucci, M., Mattioli, M., Medici, G., Petrarca, G.S., Catani, L., Cianchi, A., D’Angelo, A., Di Salvo, R., Fantini, A., Moricciani, D., Schaerf, C., Bartolini, R., Ciocci, F., Dattoli, G., Doria, A., Flora, F., Gallerano, G.P., Giannessi, L., Giovenale, E., Messina, G., Mezi, L., Ottaviani, P.L., Picardi, L., Quattromini, M., Renieri, A., Ronsivalle, C., Avaldi, L., Carbone, C., Cricenti, A., Pifferi, A., Perfetti, P., Prosperi, T., Albertini, V.Rossi, Quaresima, C., and Zema, N.

Published
2003
Full Text
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45. Overview of first Wendelstein 7-X high-performance operation

Author

Klinger, T., primary, Andreeva, T., additional, Bozhenkov, S., additional, Brandt, C., additional, Burhenn, R., additional, Buttenschön, B., additional, Fuchert, G., additional, Geiger, B., additional, Grulke, O., additional, Laqua, H.P., additional, Pablant, N., additional, Rahbarnia, K., additional, Stange, T., additional, von Stechow, A., additional, Tamura, N., additional, Thomsen, H., additional, Turkin, Y., additional, Wegner, T., additional, Abramovic, I., additional, Äkäslompolo, S., additional, Alcuson, J., additional, Aleynikov, P., additional, Aleynikova, K., additional, Ali, A., additional, Alonso, A., additional, Anda, G., additional, Ascasibar, E., additional, Bähner, J.P., additional, Baek, S.G., additional, Balden, M., additional, Baldzuhn, J., additional, Banduch, M., additional, Barbui, T., additional, Behr, W., additional, Beidler, C., additional, Benndorf, A., additional, Biedermann, C., additional, Biel, W., additional, Blackwell, B., additional, Blanco, E., additional, Blatzheim, M., additional, Ballinger, S., additional, Bluhm, T., additional, Böckenhoff, D., additional, Böswirth, B., additional, Böttger, L.-G., additional, Borchardt, M., additional, Borsuk, V., additional, Boscary, J., additional, Bosch, H.-S., additional, Beurskens, M., additional, Brakel, R., additional, Brand, H., additional, Bräuer, T., additional, Braune, H., additional, Brezinsek, S., additional, Brunner, K.-J., additional, Bussiahn, R., additional, Bykov, V., additional, Cai, J., additional, Calvo, I., additional, Cannas, B., additional, Cappa, A., additional, Carls, A., additional, Carralero, D., additional, Carraro, L., additional, Carvalho, B., additional, Castejon, F., additional, Charl, A., additional, Chaudhary, N., additional, Chauvin, D., additional, Chernyshev, F., additional, Cianciosa, M., additional, Citarella, R., additional, Claps, G., additional, Coenen, J., additional, Cole, M., additional, Cole, M.J., additional, Cordella, F., additional, Cseh, G., additional, Czarnecka, A., additional, Czerski, K., additional, Czerwinski, M., additional, Czymek, G., additional, da Molin, A., additional, da Silva, A., additional, Damm, H., additional, de la Pena, A., additional, Degenkolbe, S., additional, Dhard, C.P., additional, Dibon, M., additional, Dinklage, A., additional, Dittmar, T., additional, Drevlak, M., additional, Drewelow, P., additional, Drews, P., additional, Durodie, F., additional, Edlund, E., additional, van Eeten, P., additional, Effenberg, F., additional, Ehrke, G., additional, Elgeti, S., additional, Endler, M., additional, Ennis, D., additional, Esteban, H., additional, Estrada, T., additional, Fellinger, J., additional, Feng, Y., additional, Flom, E., additional, Fernandes, H., additional, Fietz, W.H., additional, Figacz, W., additional, Fontdecaba, J., additional, Ford, O., additional, Fornal, T., additional, Frerichs, H., additional, Freund, A., additional, Funaba, T., additional, Galkowski, A., additional, Gantenbein, G., additional, Gao, Y., additional, García Regaña, J., additional, Gates, D., additional, Geiger, J., additional, Giannella, V., additional, Gogoleva, A., additional, Goncalves, B., additional, Goriaev, A., additional, Gradic, D., additional, Grahl, M., additional, Green, J., additional, Greuner, H., additional, Grosman, A., additional, Grote, H., additional, Gruca, M., additional, Guerard, C., additional, Hacker, P., additional, Han, X., additional, Harris, J.H., additional, Hartmann, D., additional, Hathiramani, D., additional, Hein, B., additional, Heinemann, B., additional, Helander, P., additional, Henneberg, S., additional, Henkel, M., additional, Hernandez Sanchez, J., additional, Hidalgo, C., additional, Hirsch, M., additional, Hollfeld, K.P., additional, Höfel, U., additional, Hölting, A., additional, Höschen, D., additional, Houry, M., additional, Howard, J., additional, Huang, X., additional, Huang, Z., additional, Hubeny, M., additional, Huber, M., additional, Hunger, H., additional, Ida, K., additional, Ilkei, T., additional, Illy, S., additional, Israeli, B., additional, Jablonski, S., additional, Jakubowski, M., additional, Jelonnek, J., additional, Jenzsch, H., additional, Jesche, T., additional, Jia, M., additional, Junghanns, P., additional, Kacmarczyk, J., additional, Kallmeyer, J.-P., additional, Kamionka, U., additional, Kasahara, H., additional, Kasparek, W., additional, Kazakov, Y.O., additional, Kenmochi, N., additional, Killer, C., additional, Kirschner, A., additional, Kleiber, R., additional, Knauer, J., additional, Knaup, M., additional, Knieps, A., additional, Kobarg, T., additional, Kocsis, G., additional, Köchl, F., additional, Kolesnichenko, Y., additional, Könies, A., additional, König, R., additional, Kornejew, P., additional, Koschinsky, J.-P., additional, Köster, F., additional, Krämer, M., additional, Krampitz, R., additional, Krämer-Flecken, A., additional, Krawczyk, N., additional, Kremeyer, T., additional, Krom, J., additional, Krychowiak, M., additional, Ksiazek, I., additional, Kubkowska, M., additional, Kühner, G., additional, Kurki-Suonio, T., additional, Kurz, P.A., additional, Kwak, S., additional, Landreman, M., additional, Lang, P., additional, Lang, R., additional, Langenberg, A., additional, Langish, S., additional, Laqua, H., additional, Laube, R., additional, Lazerson, S., additional, Lechte, C., additional, Lennartz, M., additional, Leonhardt, W., additional, Li, C., additional, Li, Y., additional, Liang, Y., additional, Linsmeier, C., additional, Liu, S., additional, Lobsien, J.-F., additional, Loesser, D., additional, Loizu Cisquella, J., additional, Lore, J., additional, Lorenz, A., additional, Losert, M., additional, Lücke, A., additional, Lumsdaine, A., additional, Lutsenko, V., additional, Maaßberg, H., additional, Marchuk, O., additional, Matthew, J.H., additional, Marsen, S., additional, Marushchenko, M., additional, Masuzaki, S., additional, Maurer, D., additional, Mayer, M., additional, McCarthy, K., additional, McNeely, P., additional, Meier, A., additional, Mellein, D., additional, Mendelevitch, B., additional, Mertens, P., additional, Mikkelsen, D., additional, Mishchenko, A., additional, Missal, B., additional, Mittelstaedt, J., additional, Mizuuchi, T., additional, Mollen, A., additional, Moncada, V., additional, Mönnich, T., additional, Morisaki, T., additional, Moseev, D., additional, Murakami, S., additional, Náfrádi, G., additional, Nagel, M., additional, Naujoks, D., additional, Neilson, H., additional, Neu, R., additional, Neubauer, O., additional, Neuner, U., additional, Ngo, T., additional, Nicolai, D., additional, Nielsen, S.K., additional, Niemann, H., additional, Nishizawa, T., additional, Nocentini, R., additional, Nührenberg, C., additional, Nührenberg, J., additional, Obermayer, S., additional, Offermanns, G., additional, Ogawa, K., additional, Ölmanns, J., additional, Ongena, J., additional, Oosterbeek, J.W., additional, Orozco, G., additional, Otte, M., additional, Pacios Rodriguez, L., additional, Panadero, N., additional, Panadero Alvarez, N., additional, Papenfuß, D., additional, Paqay, S., additional, Pasch, E., additional, Pavone, A., additional, Pawelec, E., additional, Pedersen, T.S., additional, Pelka, G., additional, Perseo, V., additional, Peterson, B., additional, Pilopp, D., additional, Pingel, S., additional, Pisano, F., additional, Plaum, B., additional, Plunk, G., additional, Pölöskei, P., additional, Porkolab, M., additional, Proll, J., additional, Puiatti, M.-E., additional, Puig Sitjes, A., additional, Purps, F., additional, Rack, M., additional, Récsei, S., additional, Reiman, A., additional, Reimold, F., additional, Reiter, D., additional, Remppel, F., additional, Renard, S., additional, Riedl, R., additional, Riemann, J., additional, Risse, K., additional, Rohde, V., additional, Röhlinger, H., additional, Romé, M., additional, Rondeshagen, D., additional, Rong, P., additional, Roth, B., additional, Rudischhauser, L., additional, Rummel, K., additional, Rummel, T., additional, Runov, A., additional, Rust, N., additional, Ryc, L., additional, Ryosuke, S., additional, Sakamoto, R., additional, Salewski, M., additional, Samartsev, A., additional, Sanchez, E., additional, Sano, F., additional, Satake, S., additional, Schacht, J., additional, Satheeswaran, G., additional, Schauer, F., additional, Scherer, T., additional, Schilling, J., additional, Schlaich, A., additional, Schlisio, G., additional, Schluck, F., additional, Schlüter, K.-H., additional, Schmitt, J., additional, Schmitz, H., additional, Schmitz, O., additional, Schmuck, S., additional, Schneider, M., additional, Schneider, W., additional, Scholz, P., additional, Schrittwieser, R., additional, Schröder, M., additional, Schröder, T., additional, Schroeder, R., additional, Schumacher, H., additional, Schweer, B., additional, Scott, E., additional, Sereda, S., additional, Shanahan, B., additional, Sibilia, M., additional, Sinha, P., additional, Sipliä, S., additional, Slaby, C., additional, Sleczka, M., additional, Smith, H., additional, Spiess, W., additional, Spong, D.A., additional, Spring, A., additional, Stadler, R., additional, Stejner, M., additional, Stephey, L., additional, Stridde, U., additional, Suzuki, C., additional, Svensson, J., additional, Szabó, V., additional, Szabolics, T., additional, Szepesi, T., additional, Szökefalvi-Nagy, Z., additional, Tancetti, A., additional, Terry, J., additional, Thomas, J., additional, Thumm, M., additional, Travere, J.M., additional, Traverso, P., additional, Tretter, J., additional, Trimino Mora, H., additional, Tsuchiya, H., additional, Tsujimura, T., additional, Tulipán, S., additional, Unterberg, B., additional, Vakulchyk, I., additional, Valet, S., additional, Vano, L., additional, van Milligen, B., additional, van Vuuren, A.J., additional, Vela, L., additional, Velasco, J.-L., additional, Vergote, M., additional, Vervier, M., additional, Vianello, N., additional, Viebke, H., additional, Vilbrandt, R., additional, Vorköper, A., additional, Wadle, S., additional, Wagner, F., additional, Wang, E., additional, Wang, N., additional, Wang, Z., additional, Warmer, F., additional, Wauters, T., additional, Wegener, L., additional, Weggen, J., additional, Wei, Y., additional, Weir, G., additional, Wendorf, J., additional, Wenzel, U., additional, Werner, A., additional, White, A., additional, Wiegel, B., additional, Wilde, F., additional, Windisch, T., additional, Winkler, M., additional, Winter, A., additional, Winters, V., additional, Wolf, S., additional, Wolf, R.C., additional, Wright, A., additional, Wurden, G., additional, Xanthopoulos, P., additional, Yamada, H., additional, Yamada, I., additional, Yasuhara, R., additional, Yokoyama, M., additional, Zanini, M., additional, Zarnstorff, M., additional, Zeitler, A., additional, Zhang, D., additional, Zhang, H., additional, Zhu, J., additional, Zilker, M., additional, Zocco, A., additional, Zoletnik, S., additional, and Zuin, M., additional

Published
2019
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46. Light Ion Accelerating Line (L3IA): Test experiment at ILIL-PW

Author

Gizzi, L.A., primary, Baffigi, F., additional, Brandi, F., additional, Bussolino, G., additional, Cristoforetti, G., additional, Fazzi, A., additional, Fulgentini, L., additional, Giove, D., additional, Koester, P., additional, Labate, L., additional, Maero, G., additional, Palla, D., additional, Romé, M., additional, and Tomassini, P., additional

Published
2018
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47. Laser-driven proton acceleration via excitation of surface plasmon polaritons into TiO2 nanotube array targets.

Author

Cristoforetti, G, Baffigi, F, Brandi, F, D'Arrigo, G, Fazzi, A, Fulgentini, L, Giove, D, Koester, P, Labate, L, Maero, G, Palla, D, Romé, M, Russo, R, Terzani, D, Tomassini, P, and Gizzi, L A

Subjects
POLARITONS, ULTRASHORT laser pulses, TITANIUM dioxide, PROTONS, ELECTRIC fields
Abstract

In this paper we report the measurement of laser-driven proton acceleration obtained by irradiating nanotube array targets with ultrashort laser pulses at an intensity in excess of 1020 W cm−2. The energetic spectra of forward accelerated protons show a larger flux and a higher proton cutoff energy if compared to flat foils of comparable thickness. Particle-In-Cell 2D simulations reveal that packed nanotube targets favour a better laser-plasma coupling and produce an efficient generation of fast electrons moving through the target. Due to their sub-wavelength size, the propagation of e.m. field into the tubes is made possible by the excitation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons, travelling down to the end of the target and assuring a continuous electron acceleration. The higher amount and energy of these electrons result in turn in a stronger electric sheath field on the rear surface of the target and in a more efficient acceleration of the protons via the target normal sheath acceleration mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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48. Extraction of many H− beamlets from ion source NIO1

Author

Cavenago, M., primary, Serianni, G., additional, Veltri, P., additional, De Muri, M., additional, Agostini, M., additional, Antoni, V., additional, Baltador, C., additional, Barbato, P., additional, Barbisan, M., additional, Barzon, A., additional, Baseggio, L., additional, Bigi, M., additional, Brombin, M., additional, Buonincontri, L., additional, Cervaro, V., additional, Agostini, F. Degli, additional, Fagotti, E., additional, Franchin, L., additional, Ippolito, N., additional, Kulevoy, T., additional, Laterza, B., additional, Lotto, L., additional, Ludovici, A., additional, Maero, G., additional, Maniero, M., additional, Migliorato, L., additional, Minarello, A., additional, Minelli, P., additional, Molon, F., additional, Moro, G., additional, Pasqualotto, R., additional, Jain, P., additional, Patton, T., additional, Petrenko, S., additional, Pimazzoni, A., additional, Ravarotto, D., additional, Recchia, M., additional, Romanato, L., additional, Romé, M., additional, Rossetto, F., additional, Sartori, E., additional, Sattin, M., additional, Spinazzè, F., additional, Stivanello, F., additional, Taccogna, F., additional, Tollin, M., additional, Trevisan, L., additional, Ugoletti, M., additional, Variale, V., additional, Zanini, M., additional, Zaniol, B., additional, Zucchetti, S., additional, and Sonato, P., additional

Published
2018
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