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Supplementary Table S1 Candidate genes associated with photosynthesis-related traits in a large maize association panel across three environments Supplementary Fig. S1 Manhattan plot and Quantile-quantile plot from a mixed linear model for photosynthesis-related traits in a large maize association population via single environment analysis. SNPs with p values ≥ the threshold of 1 × 10-4 were considered significantly associated with the trait. The different colors in the Manhattan plot represent the 10 different chromosomes of maize. Supplementary Fig. S2 Comparison of Leaf net photosynthesis (AN) among groups with the different number of favorable alleles carried in a large maize panel. The x-axis indicates groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 with inbreds carrying 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 favorable alleles in a large maize panel, respectively. The different upper letters above the mean lines denote significant differences at the probability of p = 0.05. The number of inbreds contained in the groups is presented below the mean lines. A total of 18 inbred lines, including EP32, GE129, NC250, Pa392, Oh43E, J47, Mo46, MS24, MS78, MS1, CH9, P39M96, A681, H29w, AusTRCF306303, AusTRCF305819, A665, and ND301, carried five favorable alleles for increasing Pn.

High-yielding cultivars with high water use efficiency are a main target in maize breeding; however, no comprehensive study about the genetic regulation of photosynthetic parameters, or about the ranges of variability for photosynthesis in maize has been published. Here, a large maize panel of 731 inbred lines with genotyping by sequencing data was evaluated for elucidating the genetic basis of photosynthesis-related parameters, measured in an interval of 15-30 days after silking, across three years. Large phenotypic and genotypic variations were observed in this panel with dramatic fluctuations in heritability for various traits. We detected 40 minor Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) comprising 64 significant trait-Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) associations that mostly concentrated on chromosomes 5 and 8. Most genes are novel candidates, though a few of them were logically and functionally associated with the theory of source-to-sink translocation presented in previous studies. The current study demonstrated a new natural variation and a comprehensive mechanism of photosynthesis in maize. Genomic selection of favorable alleles for enhancing photosynthesis, along with other tools, could be a practical and a promising approach in the future. Photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance are the most promising targets for breeding programs, focusing on developing maize cultivars with more efficient use of water, though facing this challenge is not straightforward. &nbsp

[Resumen] La fotografía constituye un gran medio de comunicación para la arquitectura, y con la aparición de las Redes Sociales, herramientas que permiten la rápida divulgación y visualización de imágenes, es posible analizar lo que la gente comparte en sus publicaciones. Teniendo en cuenta este tipo de plataformas como Instagram nos permite ver qué es lo que se conoce y divulga sobre la arquitectura. Por ello, se van a utilizar mecanismos gráficos para el análisis como la distancia, el posicionamiento, la altura, la superposición de fotografías y el encuadre para obtener una visión real a través de las ‘’ortofotografías’’ con el objetivo de descubrir e identificar la visión popular de un espacio urbano en la Red Social Instagram. [Resumo] A fotografía constitúe un gran medio de comunicación para a arquitectura. Co rexurdimento das Redes Sociais, ferramentas que permiten a rápida divulgación e visualización de imaxes, é posible analizar o que a xente comparte nas súas publicacións. Tendo en conta este tipo de plataformas como Instagram permítenos ver qué é o que se coñece e divulga sobre a arquitectura. Por iso, empregaranse mecanismos gráficos para a análise como a distancia, o posicionamento, a altura, a superposición de fotografías e o enmarcado para obter unha visión real a través das ‘’ortofotografías’’ co obxetivo de descubrir e identificar a visón popular dun espazo urbano na Rede Social Instagram. [Abstract] Photography is a visual representation tool that is essential to communicate architecture. In addition, emerging social networks allow us to instantly share the vision of the world that surrounds people, becoming an information base that we can investigate to understand relationships between architecture and people. This dissertation tries to discover and identify the social perception of urban space on Instagram. To do this, graphic strategies such as the superimposition of photographs and the development of orthoimages will be used. Traballo fin de grao (UDC.ETSA). Estudos en arquitectura. Curso 2020/2021

Traballo Fin de Grao en Economía En el presente trabajo de fin de grado, que lleva por título Sostenibilidad e Igualdad de género, se ofrece una exposición de las modernas teorías del desarrollo económico. Se aborda, en un primer capítulo, la preocupación por la sostenibilidad desde una perspectiva económica, tanto en medios académicos, como en organismos políticos plurinacionales (Naciones Unidas, OCDE, Parlamento Europeo, etc.) y la concepción, cada vez en mayor medida, del papel de la relación igualdad de género y desarrollo como una parte de la economía inteligente. Para ello, ha sido necesario aproximarse, en un segundo capítulo, al tema de la sostenibilidad desde la contemplación de la actual crisis demográfica y, desde esta perspectiva, analizar los elementos de ineficiencia e insostenibilidad generados por la desigualdad de género, incluyendo las vicisitudes del mercado de trabajo, una exigencia que los demográfos instan a considerar. Este trabajo contiene 8.219 palabras.

11 páginas, 4 tablas, 1 figura, High-yielding cultivars with high water use efficiency are a main target in maize breeding; yet, no comprehensive study about the genetic regulation of photosynthesis, or about the ranges of variability for gas exchange-related parameters in maize has been published. Here, a large maize panel of 731 inbred lines previously genotyped was evaluated to elucidate the genetic basis of photosynthesis-related parameters, measured 15–30 days after silking, across three years. Large phenotypic and genotypic variations were observed in this panel with dramatic fluctuations in heritability for various traits. We detected 27 minor Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL), comprising 39 significant trait-Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), located mostly on chromosomes 5 and 8. Most candidates genes were novel, though a few of them were functionally associated with the theory of source-to-sink translocation presented in previous studies. Genomic selection of favorable alleles to enhance photosynthesis, along with other tools, could be a practical, and a promising, approach in the future. Leaf net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance are the most promising targets for breeding programs. We did not find any marker associated with intrinsic water use efficiency, which highlights that developing maize cultivars with more efficient use of water by genomic selection is not straightforward; however, given the high heritability value for this trait, phenotypic selection could be implemented., This research was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Innovación y Universidades (MCIU), the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and the European Fund for Regional Develop ment (FEDER), UE (project code PID2019-108127RB-I00) and by the European Union under H2020 framework programme (Proj. 1586, Ref PCI2021-121912). There was also the support of the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project (Qian Kehe Support [2022]key026).