Search

Your search keyword '"Romans, E"' showing total 38 results
Start Over Author "Romans, E"
38 results on '"Romans, E"'

2. Spatial resolution assessment of nano-SQUIDs made by focused ion beam

Author

L. Hao, Macfarlane, J.C., Gallop, J.C., Romans, E., Cox, D., Hutson, D., and J. Chen

Subjects
Integrated circuit fabrication -- Analysis, Magnetic fields -- Analysis, CAD-CAM systems -- Computer programs, CAD-CAM systems -- Usage, Integrated circuit fabrication, CAD/CAM software, CAD software, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

The design and fabrication of single-layer nano-scale SQUIDs by using computer-aided-design software and focused-ion-beam techniques to realize sub-micrometer superconducting structures is presented.

Published
2007

3. Heat Stress – Challenge in 2020 : Technical Report – Animal Welfare

Author

Vandelannoote, L., Vermeer, H., Fàbrega Romans, E., Malak-Rawlikowska, A., Courboulay, V., Vandelannoote, L., Vermeer, H., Fàbrega Romans, E., Malak-Rawlikowska, A., and Courboulay, V.

Abstract

In this technical report an overview is provided of good practices that are successfully applied in pig farms in Europe. Pig farmers and farm advisors can use this report to know more about how good practices have been implemented on the farms and what challenges these practices are able to tackle. This third-year report on the theme “Animal Welfare” deals with the challenge of Solutions for heat stress. This refers to management systems, novel techniques and technologies that lead to a reduction of heat stress for pigs.

Published
2020

5. Proximity effect bilayer nano superconducting quantum interference devices for millikelvin magnetometry.

Author

Blois, A., Rozhko, S., Hao, L., Gallop, J. C., and Romans, E. J.

Subjects
SUPERCONDUCTING quantum interference devices, QUANTUM interference devices, HYSTERESIS, LOW temperature research, TITANIUM
Abstract

Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) incorporating thin film nanobridges as weak links have sensitivities approaching that required for single spin detection at 4.2 K. However, due to thermal hysteresis they are difficult to operate at much lower temperatures which hinder their application to many quantum measurements. To overcome this, we have developed nanoscale SQUIDs made from titanium-gold proximity bilayers. We show that their electrical properties are consistent with a theoretical model developed for heat flow in bilayers and demonstrate that they enable magnetic measurements to be made on a sample at system temperatures down to 60 mK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. A European Multi Lake Survey dataset of environmental variables, phytoplankton pigments and cyanotoxins

Author

European Cooperation in Science and Technology, Hernández, Armand [0000-0001-7245-9863], Mantzouki, E., Campbell, James, van Loon, E., Visser, P., Konstantinou, I., Antoniou, M., Giuliani, G., Machado-Vieira, D., Gurjão de Oliveira, Alinne, Maronić, D.Š., Stević, F., Hiskia, A., Gkelis, S., Walusiak, E., Panou, M., McCarthy, V., Budzyńska, A., Perello, V.C., Kostrzewska-Szlakowska, I., Gonçalves, V., Skjelbred, B., Palomino, Roberto L., Obertegger, U., Boscaini, A., Flaim, G., Salmaso, N., Gagala, I., Cerasino, L., Mankiewicz-Boczek, J., Hansson, L. A., Grabowska, M., Karpowicz, M., Rodríguez-Pérez, E., Chmura, D., Nawrocka, L., Kozak, A., Kobos, J., Rosińska, J., Seelen, L., Toporowska, M., Pawlik-Skowronska, B., Urrutia-Cordero, Pablo, Niedźwiecki, M., Maliaka, V., Pęczuła, W., Wasilewicz, M., Napiórkowska-Krzebietke, A., Ochocka, A., Beklioğlu, M., Szeląg-Wasielewska, E., Domek, P., Teurlincx, S., Jakubowska-Krepska, N., Tavşanoğlu, ÜN., Carballeira, R., Kwasizur, K., Drastichova, I., Messyasz, B., Chomova, L., Soylu, E.N., Pasztaleniec, A., Jasser, I., Filiz, N., Antão-Geraldes, A. M., Bilgin, F., Camacho, A., Özen, A., Leira, M., Hernández, Armand, Vasconcelos, V., Remec-Rekar, S., Pfeiffer, T.Ž., Eleršek, Tina, Delgado-Martín, Jordi, Yağcı, M.A., García, D., Bezirci, G., Bláha, L., Bravo, Andrea G., Verstijnen, Y., Cereijo, J. L., Gomà, Joan, Trapote, M.C., Vegas-Vilarrúbia, Teresa, Obrador, B., García-Murcia, A., Real, M., Picazo, Antoni, Vucelić, I.B., Romans, E., Cesur, M., Çınar, Ş., Lürling, M., Levi, E., Noguero-Ribes, J., Duque, D.P., Fernández-Morán, E., Úbeda, B., Yağcı, A., Gálvez, J.Á., Marcé, Rafael, Catalán, N., Buck, Moritz, Pérez-Martínez, Carmen, Ramos-Rodríguez, E., Tsiarta, N., Žutinić, P., Iskin, U., Çapkın, K., Udovič, M.G., Cillero-Castro, C., Moreno-Ostos, Enrique, Blanco, J. M., Rodríguez, V., Plenković-Moraj, Anđelka, Montes-Pérez, J.J., Colom-Montero, W., Koreivienė, J., Rochera, C., Santamans, A. C., Ferriol, C., Romo, S., Faassen, E.J., Soria, J. M., Latour, D., Mazur-Marzec, Hanna, Mustonen, K., Pierson, D., Kasperovičienė, J., Yang, Y., Verspagen, Jolanda M. H., Çelik, K., de Senerpont Domis, L.N., Özhan, K., Dunalska, J., Carey, C.C., Paerl, Hans, Alcaraz-Párraga, P., Torokne, A., Goldyn, R., Karan, T., Bulut, C., Demir, N., Uysal, R., Pełechata, A., Karakaya, N., Koçer, M.A.T., Sieńska, J., Yilmaz, M., Bańkowska-Sobczak, A., Savadova, K., Maraşlıoğlu, F., Geriš, R., Fakioglu, Ö., Fránková, M., Morais, J., Köker, L., Bergkemper, V., Pełechaty, M., O'Leary, S., Nemova, H., Vitonytė, I., Wilk-Woźniak, E., Beirne, E., Cromie, H., Ibelings, Bas W., Christoffersen, K. S., Warming, T.P., Feldmann, T., Laas, A., Vale, M., Panksep, K., Frąk, M., Kokocinski, M., Krztoń, W., Szymański, D., Tuvikene, L., Kangro, K., Häggqvist, K., Salmi, P., Arvola, L., Fastner, J., Straile, D., Haande, S., Rothhaupt, K. O., Fonvielle, J., Krstić, S., Raposeiro, P. M., Kruk, M., Madrecka, B., Grossart, Hans-Peter, Avagianos, C., Kaloudis, T., Triantis, T., Aleksovski, B., Zervou, S. K., European Cooperation in Science and Technology, Hernández, Armand [0000-0001-7245-9863], Mantzouki, E., Campbell, James, van Loon, E., Visser, P., Konstantinou, I., Antoniou, M., Giuliani, G., Machado-Vieira, D., Gurjão de Oliveira, Alinne, Maronić, D.Š., Stević, F., Hiskia, A., Gkelis, S., Walusiak, E., Panou, M., McCarthy, V., Budzyńska, A., Perello, V.C., Kostrzewska-Szlakowska, I., Gonçalves, V., Skjelbred, B., Palomino, Roberto L., Obertegger, U., Boscaini, A., Flaim, G., Salmaso, N., Gagala, I., Cerasino, L., Mankiewicz-Boczek, J., Hansson, L. A., Grabowska, M., Karpowicz, M., Rodríguez-Pérez, E., Chmura, D., Nawrocka, L., Kozak, A., Kobos, J., Rosińska, J., Seelen, L., Toporowska, M., Pawlik-Skowronska, B., Urrutia-Cordero, Pablo, Niedźwiecki, M., Maliaka, V., Pęczuła, W., Wasilewicz, M., Napiórkowska-Krzebietke, A., Ochocka, A., Beklioğlu, M., Szeląg-Wasielewska, E., Domek, P., Teurlincx, S., Jakubowska-Krepska, N., Tavşanoğlu, ÜN., Carballeira, R., Kwasizur, K., Drastichova, I., Messyasz, B., Chomova, L., Soylu, E.N., Pasztaleniec, A., Jasser, I., Filiz, N., Antão-Geraldes, A. M., Bilgin, F., Camacho, A., Özen, A., Leira, M., Hernández, Armand, Vasconcelos, V., Remec-Rekar, S., Pfeiffer, T.Ž., Eleršek, Tina, Delgado-Martín, Jordi, Yağcı, M.A., García, D., Bezirci, G., Bláha, L., Bravo, Andrea G., Verstijnen, Y., Cereijo, J. L., Gomà, Joan, Trapote, M.C., Vegas-Vilarrúbia, Teresa, Obrador, B., García-Murcia, A., Real, M., Picazo, Antoni, Vucelić, I.B., Romans, E., Cesur, M., Çınar, Ş., Lürling, M., Levi, E., Noguero-Ribes, J., Duque, D.P., Fernández-Morán, E., Úbeda, B., Yağcı, A., Gálvez, J.Á., Marcé, Rafael, Catalán, N., Buck, Moritz, Pérez-Martínez, Carmen, Ramos-Rodríguez, E., Tsiarta, N., Žutinić, P., Iskin, U., Çapkın, K., Udovič, M.G., Cillero-Castro, C., Moreno-Ostos, Enrique, Blanco, J. M., Rodríguez, V., Plenković-Moraj, Anđelka, Montes-Pérez, J.J., Colom-Montero, W., Koreivienė, J., Rochera, C., Santamans, A. C., Ferriol, C., Romo, S., Faassen, E.J., Soria, J. M., Latour, D., Mazur-Marzec, Hanna, Mustonen, K., Pierson, D., Kasperovičienė, J., Yang, Y., Verspagen, Jolanda M. H., Çelik, K., de Senerpont Domis, L.N., Özhan, K., Dunalska, J., Carey, C.C., Paerl, Hans, Alcaraz-Párraga, P., Torokne, A., Goldyn, R., Karan, T., Bulut, C., Demir, N., Uysal, R., Pełechata, A., Karakaya, N., Koçer, M.A.T., Sieńska, J., Yilmaz, M., Bańkowska-Sobczak, A., Savadova, K., Maraşlıoğlu, F., Geriš, R., Fakioglu, Ö., Fránková, M., Morais, J., Köker, L., Bergkemper, V., Pełechaty, M., O'Leary, S., Nemova, H., Vitonytė, I., Wilk-Woźniak, E., Beirne, E., Cromie, H., Ibelings, Bas W., Christoffersen, K. S., Warming, T.P., Feldmann, T., Laas, A., Vale, M., Panksep, K., Frąk, M., Kokocinski, M., Krztoń, W., Szymański, D., Tuvikene, L., Kangro, K., Häggqvist, K., Salmi, P., Arvola, L., Fastner, J., Straile, D., Haande, S., Rothhaupt, K. O., Fonvielle, J., Krstić, S., Raposeiro, P. M., Kruk, M., Madrecka, B., Grossart, Hans-Peter, Avagianos, C., Kaloudis, T., Triantis, T., Aleksovski, B., and Zervou, S. K.

Abstract

Under ongoing climate change and increasing anthropogenic activity, which continuously challenge ecosystem resilience, an in-depth understanding of ecological processes is urgently needed. Lakes, as providers of numerous ecosystem services, face multiple stressors that threaten their functioning. Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are a persistent problem resulting from nutrient pollution and climate-change induced stressors, like poor transparency, increased water temperature and enhanced stratification. Consistency in data collection and analysis methods is necessary to achieve fully comparable datasets and for statistical validity, avoiding issues linked to disparate data sources. The European Multi Lake Survey (EMLS) in summer 2015 was an initiative among scientists from 27 countries to collect and analyse lake physical, chemical and biological variables in a fully standardized manner. This database includes in-situ lake variables along with nutrient, pigment and cyanotoxin data of 369 lakes in Europe, which were centrally analysed in dedicated laboratories. Publishing the EMLS methods and dataset might inspire similar initiatives to study across large geographic areas that will contribute to better understanding lake responses in a changing environment.

Published
2018

25. Single Sensor High-Temperature Superconducting Axial Gradiometer With Thick Film Pick-Up Loops.

Author

Haining, S., Romans, E. J., Pegrum, C. M., Donaldson, G. B., Hao, L., and Macfarlane, J. C.

Subjects
*THICK films, *MAGNETIC fields, *SOLID state electronics, *SEMICONDUCTORS, *MICROELECTRONICS, *INFORMATION technology
Abstract

A high-temperature superconducting first-order axial gradiometer with thick film YBa2Cu3Oτ-δ pick-up loops inductively coupled to a thin film YBa2 Cu3τ-δ superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer has been designed, fabricated and characterized. The gradiometer has a baseline of 79 mm, an estimated intrinsic system balance of 1:480 for uniform axial magnetic fields and an estimated axial magnetic field gradient sensitivity of 70 fT/(cm√Hz) at 1 kHz, in magnetic shielding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Josephson junctions and SQUIDs based on CVD graphene

Author

Li, Tianyi and Romans, E.

Subjects
621.3
Abstract

Josephson junctions and superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) with graphene as the weak link between the superconductors have been intensely studied in recent years, with respect to both fundamental physics and potential applications. Since the carrier density and resistivity of graphene are heavily dependent on the Fermi level, Josephson junctions and SQUIDs with graphene as the weak link can have their I-V properties easily tuned by the gate voltage. However, most of the previous work on superconductor-graphene-superconductor (SGS) Josephson junctions and SQUIDs was based on mechanically exfoliated graphene, which is not compatible with wafer-scale production. In this project, we have greatly improved the availability and applicability of graphene-based Josephson junctions and SQUIDs. We developed a method to fabricate Josephson junctions and SQUIDs with graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) as the weak link. We demonstrate that very short, wide CVD-graphene-based Josephson junctions with Nb electrodes can work without any undesirable hysteresis in the electrical characteristics from 1.5 K down to a base temperature of 320 mK, and the critical current can be effectively tuned by the gate voltage by up to an order of magnitude. As a result, dc SQUIDs made up of these junctions can have their critical current tuned by both the magnetic field and the gate voltage. We also obtained evidence for ballistic transport in SGS junctions as short as 50 nm. We found that even for junction as wide as 80 µm, the critical current shows an ideal Fraunhofer-like interference pattern in a perpendicular magnetic field, indicating the distribution of supercurrent is uniform. We studied the definition of Josephson penetration depth, and proposed a new formula for 2D coplanar junctions.

Published
2019

28. Studies of growth, microstructure, Raman spectroscopy and annealing effect of pulsed laser deposited Ca-doped NBCO thin films.

Author

Palai, R., Romans, E. J., Martin, R. W., Docherty, F. T., Maas, P., and Pegrum, C. M.

Abstract

Superconducting thin films of Nd1−xCaxBa2Cu3O7−δ (x = 0.03 and 0.08) have been grown on single crystal SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The statistical methods of Experimental Design and regression analysis were used to optimize the film properties and to understand the correlation between the growth parameters and film properties. The orientation of the films was investigated by x-ray diffraction. The surface morphology of the films was examined by atomic force microscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy. Qualitative and quantitative elemental analyses of the films were carried out using electron probe microanalysis. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to study the oxygen sublattice vibrations of the films. The effect of annealing on the superconducting transition temperature of the patterned films was also studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. Transfer function and noise properties of YBa[sub 2]Cu[sub 3]O[sub 7-δ] direct-current superconducting-quantum-interference-device magnetometers with resistively shunted inductances.

Author

Kahlmann, F., Booij, W. E., Booij, W.E., Blamire, M. G., Blamire, M.G., McBrien, P. F., McBrien, P.F., Tarte, E. J., Tarte, E.J., Peng, N. H., Peng, N.H., Jeynes, C., Romans, E. J., Romans, E.J., Pegrum, C. M., and Pegrum, C.M.

Subjects
SUPERCONDUCTING quantum interference devices, MAGNETOMETERS
Abstract

Studies the transfer function and noise properties of direct-current superconducting-quantum-interference-device (SQUID) magnetometers with resistively shunted inductances. Maximum voltage modulation depth and calculated values based on the theoretical predictions by Enpuku, et. al.; White magnetic flux noise.

Published
2000
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. High-T[sub c] gradiometric superconducting quantum interference device and its incorporation into a single-layer gradiometer.

Author

Millar, A. J., Millar, A.J., Romans, E. J., Romans, E.J., Carr, C., Eulenburg, A., Donaldson, G. B., Donaldson, G.B., Maas, P., Pegrum, C. M., and Pegrum, C.M.

Subjects
SUPERCONDUCTING quantum interference devices, SUPERCONDUCTORS
Abstract

We describe a first-order gradiometric dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and its incorporation into a first-order directly coupled single-layer gradiometer. The gradiometric SQUIDs were fabricated from a single layer of YBa[sub 2]Cu[sub 3]O[sub 7], with a silicon dioxide insulating layer and a gold crossover structure. For several gradiometric SQUIDs, with estimated inductances of order 67 pH, we measured parasitic effective areas in the range 1-2 μm2, approximately two orders of magnitude lower than for conventional narrow linewidth SQUIDs of similar inductance. For a single-layer gradiometer incorporating a gradiometric SQUID, we measured a parasitic effective area of 95 μm2. We demonstrate that for this device, the SQUID itself makes a negligible contribution to the overall parasitic effective area. We show that the improved balance leads to better performance in an unshielded environment. © 2000 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. NanoSQUIDs for millikelvin magnetometry

Author

Blois, A. B. B. and Romans, E. J.

Subjects
621.3
Abstract

Nanoscale Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) have spin sensitivities approaching that required to detect the flip of a single spin in close proximity. There is considerable interest in developing them for measuring the properties of small spin populations in magnetic systems. It is desirable that such measurements can be realised at sub-kelvin temperatures thereby allowing the study of magnetic systems that undergo phase changes at such temperatures. However, most nanoscale SQUIDs use nanobridges as the Josephson elements which limits the operating range to temperatures close to the transition temperature of the device. Well below this, the current-phase relation can become non-sinusoidal, and hot spots arising from the large critical current lead to hysteretic I-V characteristics. To extend the temperature range downwards, we have developed a range of nanoSQUIDs fabricated from alternative materials with lower transition temperatures including Ti/Au and Al/Ag bilayers patterned using lift-off and e-beam lithography (EBL). We report on their I-V characteristics, noise performance and behaviour in applied magnetic fields at temperatures down to 60 mK. We discuss theoretical analysis and computer modelling of the heat flow in the nanobridge structure, and consider the effects of bank geometry and kinetic inductance on the overall device performance. Finally, we present measurements of several magnetic systems: control lines, superconducting islands and ground planes and discuss the feasibility of magnetic measurements of novel materials of interest, including the heterointerface between lanthanium aluminate and strontium titanate.

Published
2014

34. Temperature effects explain continental scale distribution of cyanobacterial toxins

Author

Sigrid Haande, Christos Avagianos, Vítor Gonçalves, Lisette N. de Senerpont Domis, Carlos Rochera, Ana García-Murcia, Kerstin Häggqvist, Reyhan Akçaalan, Jordi Noguero-Ribes, Mariusz Pełechaty, Wojciech Krztoń, Hans-Peter Grossart, Jutta Fastner, Bárbara Úbeda, Wojciech Pęczuła, Nur Filiz, Justyna Kobos, Juan M. Soria, Elif Neyran Soylu, Lars-Anders Hansson, Filip Stević, Luděk Bláha, Hanna Mazur-Marzec, Jolanda M. H. Verspagen, Burçin Önem, Karl-Otto Rothhaupt, Nico Salmaso, Abdulkadir Yağcı, David Parreño Duque, Ksenija Savadova, Nusret Karakaya, Aleksandra Pełechata, Yvon Verstijnen, Carmen Pérez-Martínez, Pauliina Salmi, Gizem Bezirci, Tuğba Ongun Sevindik, Svetislav Krstić, Rahmi Uysal, Laura Seelen, Eloísa Ramos-Rodríguez, Spela Remec-Rekar, Sven Teurlincx, Monserrat Real, Meriç Albay, Donald C. Pierson, Susana Romo, Kristiina Mustonen, Kirsten Christoffersen, Valentini Maliaka, Estela Rodríguez-Pérez, Joanna Rosińska, Nilsun Demir, Mehmet Tahir Alp, Elvira Romans, João Morais, Daniel Szymański, Danielle Machado-Vieira, Damian Chmura, Evanthia Mantzouki, Teresa Vegas-Vilarrúbia, Antonio Picazo, Mikołaj Kokociński, Anastasia Hiskia, Christine Edwards, Yang Yang, Irma Vitonytė, Mehmet Cesur, Agnieszka Bańkowska-Sobczak, Iwona Kostrzewska-Szlakowska, Nikoletta Tsiarta, Anđelka Plenković-Moraj, Miquel Lürling, Ryszard Gołdyn, Kristel Panksep, Kemal Celik, Anna Kozak, Jose Luis Cereijo, Pablo Urrutia-Cordero, Petra M. Visser, Rodan Geriš, Uğur Işkın, Leonardo Cerasino, Kadir Çapkın, Victor C. Perello, Carmen Cillero-Castro, Arda Özen, Manel Leira, Enrique Moreno-Ostos, Şakir Çinar, Agnieszka Budzyńska, Faruk Maraşlıoğlu, Pedro M. Raposeiro, Theodoros M. Triantis, Agnieszka Pasztaleniec, Sevasti-Kiriaki Zervou, Elżbieta Wilk-Woźniak, Edward Walusiak, Kersti Kangro, Jorge Juan Montes-Pérez, Triantafyllos Kaloudis, Mari Carmen Trapote, Pablo Alcaraz-Párraga, José María Blanco, Marek Kruk, Hans W. Paerl, Lidia Nawrocka, Meryem Beklioglu, Antonio Camacho, Moritz Buck, Biel Obrador, Ilona Gagala, Lauri Arvola, Elżbieta Szeląg-Wasielewska, Petar Žutinić, Giovanna Flaim, Núria Catalán, R. Carballeira, Alinne Gurjão de Oliveira, Magdalena Frąk, Alo Laas, Magdalena Grabowska, Dubravka Špoljarić Maronić, Meral Apaydın Yağcı, Itana Bokan Vucelić, Ana Maria Antão-Geraldes, Tõnu Feldmann, Natalia Jakubowska-Krepska, Trine Perlt Warming, Armand Hernández, Anna C. Santamans, Fuat Bilgin, Cayelan C. Carey, Joana Mankiewicz-Boczek, Elísabeth Fernández-Morán, Mete Yilmaz, Iwona Jasser, Boris Aleksovski, Michał Wasilewicz, Agnieszka Ochocka, David García, Lea Tuvikene, Roberto L. Palomino, B.W. Ibelings, Hatice Tunca, Birger Skjelbred, Joan Gomà, Jūratė Karosienė, Maria G. Antoniou, Vitor Vasconcelos, Mehmet Ali Turan Koçer, Eti E. Levi, Markéta Fránková, Beata Madrecka, Barbara Pawlik-Skowrońska, Jeremy Fonvielle, Korhan Özkan, Maciej Karpowicz, Özden Fakioglu, Lucia Chomova, Magdalena Toporowska, Ülkü Nihan Tavşanoğlu, Jūratė Kasperovičienė, Latife Köker, Kinga Kwasizur, Koray Ozhan, Valeriano Rodríguez, William Colom-Montero, Ulrike Obertegger, Micaela Vale, Spyros Gkelis, Michał Niedźwiecki, Tunay Karan, Piotr Domek, Judita Koreivienė, Andrea G. Bravo, Justyna Sieńska, Jessica Richardson, Hana Nemova, Cafer Bulut, Jordi Delgado-Martín, Tanja Žuna Pfeiffer, Marija Gligora Udovič, Manthos Panou, Dietmar Straile, Rafael Marcé, Valerie McCarthy, Iveta Drastichova, Agnieszka Napiórkowska-Krzebietke, J. A. Gálvez, Tina Elersek, Beata Messyasz, Adriano Boscaini, Carmen Ferriol, Julita Dunalska, Freshwater and Marine Ecology (IBED, FNWI), BAİBÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü, Karakaya, Nusret, Universitat de Barcelona, Fakülteler, Fen - Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Soylu, Elif Neyran, European Cooperation in Science and Technology, Université de Genève, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Lammi Biological Station, Doctoral Programme in Atmospheric Sciences, CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Yılmaz, Mete, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Mantzouki, Evanthia, Ibelings, Bastiaan Willem, Mantzouki, E, Lurling, M, Fastner, J, Domis, LD, Wilk-Wozniak, E, Koreiviene, J, Seelen, L, Teurlincx, S, Verstijnen, Y, Krzton, W, Walusiak, E, Karosiene, J, Kasperoviciene, J, Savadova, K, Vitonyte, I, Cillero-Castro, C, Budzynska, A, Goldyn, R, Kozak, A, Rosinska, J, Szelag-Wasielewska, E, Domek, P, Jakubowska-Krepska, N, Kwasizur, K, Messyasz, B, Pelechata, A, Pelechaty, M, Kokocinski, M, Garcia-Murcia, A, Real, M, Romans, E, Noguero-Ribes, J, Duque, DP, Fernandez-Moran, E, Karakaya, N, Haggqvist, K, Demir, N, Beklioglu, M, Filiz, N, Levi, EE, Iskin, U, Bezirci, G, Tavsanoglu, UN, Ozhan, K, Gkelis, S, Panou, M, Fakioglu, O, Avagianos, C, Kaloudis, T, Celik, K, Yilmaz, M, Marce, R, Catalan, N, Bravo, AG, Buck, M, Colom-Montero, W, Mustonen, K, Pierson, D, Yang, Y, Raposeiro, PM, Goncalves, V, Antoniou, MG, Tsiarta, N, McCarthy, V, Perello, VC, Feldmann, T, Laas, A, Panksep, K, Tuvikene, L, Gagala, I, Mankiewicz-Boczek, J, Yagci, MA, Cinar, S, Capkin, K, Yagci, A, Cesur, M, Bilgin, F, Bulut, C, Uysal, R, Obertegger, U, Boscaini, A, Flaim, G, Salmaso, N, Cerasino, L, Richardson, J, Visser, PM, Verspagen, JMH, Karan, T, Soylu, EN, Maraslioglu, F, Napiorkowska-Krzebietke, A, Ochocka, A, Pasztaleniec, A, Antao-Geraldes, AM, Vasconcelos, V, Morais, J, Vale, M, Koker, L, Akcaalan, R, Albay, M, Maronic, DS, Stevic, F, Pfeiffer, TZ, Fonvielle, J, Straile, D, Rothhaupt, KO, Hansson, LA, Urrutia-Cordero, P, Blaha, L, Geris, R, Frankova, M, Kocer, MAT, Alp, MT, Remec-Rekar, S, Elersek, T, Triantis, T, Zervou, SK, Hiskia, A, Haande, S, Skjelbred, B, Madrecka, B, Nemova, H, Drastichova, I, Chomova, L, Edwards, C, Sevindik, TO, Tunca, H, Onem, B, Aleksovski, B, Krstic, S, Vucelic, IB, Nawrocka, L, Salmi, P, Machado-Vieira, D, de Oliveira, AG, Delgado-Martin, J, Garcia, D, Cereijo, JL, Goma, J, Trapote, MC, Vegas-Vilarrubia, T, Obrador, B, Grabowska, M, Karpowicz, M, Chmura, D, Ubeda, B, Galvez, JA, Ozen, A, Christoffersen, KS, Warming, TP, Kobos, J, Mazur-Marzec, H, Perez-Martinez, C, Ramos-Rodriguez, E, Arvola, L, Alcaraz-Parraga, P, Toporowska, M, Pawlik-Skowronska, B, Niedzwiecki, M, Peczula, W, Leira, M, Hernandez, A, Moreno-Ostos, E, Blanco, JM, Rodriguez, V, Montes-Perez, JJ, Palomino, RL, Rodriguez-Perez, E, Carballeira, R, Camacho, A, Picazo, A, Rochera, C, Santamans, AC, Ferriol, C, Romo, S, Soria, JM, Dunalska, J, Sienska, J, Szymanski, D, Kruk, M, Kostrzewska-Szlakowska, I, Jasser, I, Zutinic, P, Udovic, MG, Plenkovic-Moraj, A, Frak, M, Bankowska-Sobczak, A, Wasilewicz, M, Ozkan, K, Maliaka, V, Kangro, K, Grossart, HP, Paerl, HW, Carey, CC, Ibelings, BW, Sakarya Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Biyoloji Bölümü, Ongun Sevindik, Tuğba, Tunca, Hatice, Hitit Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, and Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi

Subjects
light climate, 0106 biological sciences, thermocline, Bacterial toxins, toksiinit, limit of quantitation, Toxines bacterianes, Microcystin-LR, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Anatoxin-a, analogs and derivatives, BLOOMS, Direct Effects, uracil, Water Pollutants, chemistry.chemical_classification, Temperatures, FRESH-WATER, latitude, maximum buoyancy frequency, 6. Clean water, climate change, Indirect effects, EUTROPHICATION, microcystin RR, articles, GROWTH, lämpötila, LAKES, microcystin, anatoxin, cylindrospermopsin, temperature, direct effects, indirect effects, spatial distribution, European Multi Lake Survey, epilimnetic temperature, ta1172, cyanobacteria, lakes, climate warming, microcystin, Zoology, Article, water pollutant, MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA, Alkaloids, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, NATURAL SCIENCES. Biology, Spatial distribution, Microcystis aeruginosa, Uracil, lake, syanobakteerit, Indirect Effects, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, 1172 Environmental sciences, Ekologi, nutrient, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:R, microbiology, Climatic changes, microcystin LR, Anatoxin, Lakes, Spatial Distribution, chemistry, nodularin, microbial diversity, phytoplankton, ta1181, Cylindrospermopsin, Tropanes, Cyanobacteria, Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, analysis, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, lcsh:Medicine, environmental parameters, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, nitrogen, chemistry.chemical_compound, sea surface temperature, environmental factor, ddc:550, Canvi climàtic, phosphorus, PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Biologija, limit of detection, Ecology, Cyanobacteria Toxins, biology, Temperature, levinneisyys, Nodularin, tropane derivative, Europe, DAPHNIA-MAGNA, İndirect Effects, Direct effects, microbial community, Environmental Monitoring, high performance liquid chromatography, Microcystins, Climate Change, Bacterial Toxins, Microcystin, välittömät oikeusvaikutukset, cyanobacterium, ddc:570, geographic distribution, medicine, bacterial toxin, controlled study, ddc:610, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, nonhuman, WIMEK, Toxin, longitude, PHYTOPLANKTON ASSEMBLAGES, Aquatic Ecology, NITROGEN AVAILABILITY, anatoxin a, Aquatische Ecologie en Waterkwaliteitsbeheer, biology.organism_classification, Climatic change, CLIMATE, 13. Climate action, response variable, Canvis climàtics
Abstract

Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains. © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland., The authors acknowledge COST Action ES 1105 “CYANOCOST—Cyanobacterial blooms and toxins in water resources: Occurrence impacts and management” and COST Action ES 1201 “NETLAKE—Networking Lake Observatories in Europe” for contributing to this study through networking and knowledge sharing with European experts in the field. Evanthia Mantzouki was supported by a grant from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) to Bas Ibelings and by supplementary funding from the University of Geneva. We thank Clare Ahnlund, Ena Suarez and Irene Gallego for helping out with the Swiss survey. We thank Wendy Beekman and Els J. Faassen for the nutrient and toxin analysis.

Published
2018

35. Data Descriptor: A European Multi Lake Survey dataset of environmental variables, phytoplankton pigments and cyanotoxins

Author

Tunca, Hatice, Mantzouki, E, Campbell, J, van Loon, E, Visser, P, Konstantinou, I, Antoniou, M, Giuliani, G, Machado-Vieira, D, de Oliveira, AG, Maronic, DS, Stevic, F, Pfeiffer, TZ, Vucelic, IB, Zutinic, P, Udovic, MG, Plenkovic-Moraj, A, Tsiarta, N, Blaha, L, Geris, R, Frankova, M, Christoffersen, KS, Warming, TP, Feldmann, T, Laas, A, Panksep, K, Tuvikene, L, Kangro, K, Haggqvist, K, Salmi, P, Arvola, L, Fastner, J, Straile, D, Rothhaupt, KO, Fonvielle, J, Grossart, HP, Avagianos, C, Kaloudis, T, Triantis, T, Zervou, SK, Hiskia, A, Gkelis, S, Panou, M, McCarthy, V, Perello, VC, Obertegger, U, Boscaini, A, Flaim, G, Salmaso, N, Cerasino, L, Koreiviene, J, Karosiene, J, Kasperoviciene, J, Savadova, K, Vitonyte, I, Haande, S, Skjelbred, B, Grabowska, M, Karpowicz, M, Chmura, D, Nawrocka, L, Kobos, J, Mazur-Marzec, H, Alcaraz-Parraga, P, Wilk-Wozniak, E, Krzton, W, Walusiak, E, Gagala, I, Mankiewicz-Boczek, J, Toporowska, M, Pawlik-Skowronska, B, Niedzwiecki, M, Peczula, W, Napiorkowska-Krzebietke, A, Dunalska, J, Sienska, J, Szymanski, D, Kruk, M, Budzynska, A, Goldyn, R, Kozak, A, Rosinska, J, Szelag-Wasielewska, E, Domek, P, Jakubowska-Krepska, N, Kwasizur, K, Messyasz, B, Pelechata, A, Pelechaty, M, Kokocinski, M, Madrecka, B, Kostrzewska-Szlakowska, I, Frak, M, Bankowska-Sobczak, A, Wasilewicz, M, Ochocka, A, Pasztaleniec, A, Jasser, I, Antao-Geraldes, AM, Leira, M, Hernandez, A, Vasconcelos, V, Morais, J, Vale, M, Raposeiro, PM, Goncalves, V, Aleksovski, B, Krstic, S, Nemova, H, Drastichova, I, Chomova, L, Remec-Rekar, S, Elersek, T, Delgado-Martin, J, Garcia, D, Cereijo, JL, Goma, J, Trapote, MC, Vegas-Vilarrubia, T, Obrador, B, Garcia-Murcia, A, Real, M, Romans, E, Noguero-Ribes, J, Duque, DP, Fernandez-Moran, E, Ubeda, B, Galvez, JA, Marce, R, Catalan, N, Perez-Martinez, C, Ramos-Rodriguez, E, Cillero-Castro, C, Moreno-Ostos, E, Blanco, JM, Rodriguez, V, Montes-Perez, JJ, Palomino, RL, Rodriguez-Perez, E, Carballeira, R, Camacho, A, Picazo, A, Rochera, C, Santamans, AC, Ferriol, C, Romo, S, Soria, JM, Hansson, LA, Urrutia-Cordero, P, Ozen, A, Bravo, AG, Buck, M, Colom-Montero, W, Mustonen, K, Pierson, D, Yang, Y, Verspagen, JMH, Domis, LND, Seelen, L, Teurlincx, S, Verstijnen, Y, Lurling, M, Maliaka, V, Faassen, EJ, Latour, D, Carey, CC, Paerl, HW, Torokne, A, Karan, T, Demir, N, Beklioglu, M, Filiz, N, Levi, EE, Iskin, U, Bezirci, G, Tavsanoglu, UN, Celik, K, Ozhan, K, Karakaya, N, Kocer, MAT, Yilmaz, M, Maraslioglu, F, Fakioglu, O, Soylu, EN, Yagci, MA, Cinar, S, Capkin, K, Yagci, A, Cesur, M, Bilgin, F, Bulut, C, Uysal, R, Koker, L, Akcaalan, R, Albay, M, Alp, MT, Ozkan, K, Sevindik, TO, Tunca, H, Onem, B, Richardson, J, Edwards, C, Bergkemper, V, O'Leary, S, Beirne, E, Cromie, H, Ibelings, BW, Sakarya Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Biyoloji Bölümü, and Tunca, Hatice

Subjects
Science & Technology - Other Topics
Abstract

Under ongoing climate change and increasing anthropogenic activity, which continuously challenge ecosystem resilience, an in-depth understanding of ecological processes is urgently needed. Lakes, as providers of numerous ecosystem services, face multiple stressors that threaten their functioning. Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are a persistent problem resulting from nutrient pollution and climate-change induced stressors, like poor transparency, increased water temperature and enhanced stratification. Consistency in data collection and analysis methods is necessary to achieve fully comparable datasets and for statistical validity, avoiding issues linked to disparate data sources. The European Multi Lake Survey (EMLS) in summer 2015 was an initiative among scientists from 27 countries to collect and analyse lake physical, chemical and biological variables in a fully standardized manner. This database includes in-situ lake variables along with nutrient, pigment and cyanotoxin data of 369 lakes in Europe, which were centrally analysed in dedicated laboratories. Publishing the EMLS methods and dataset might inspire similar initiatives to study across large geographic areas that will contribute to better understanding lake responses in a changing environment.

Published
2018

36. A European Multi Lake Survey dataset of environmental variables, phytoplankton pigments and cyanotoxins.

Author

Mantzouki E, Campbell J, van Loon E, Visser P, Konstantinou I, Antoniou M, Giuliani G, Machado-Vieira D, Gurjão de Oliveira A, Maronić DŠ, Stević F, Pfeiffer TŽ, Vucelić IB, Žutinić P, Udovič MG, Plenković-Moraj A, Tsiarta N, Bláha L, Geriš R, Fránková M, Christoffersen KS, Warming TP, Feldmann T, Laas A, Panksep K, Tuvikene L, Kangro K, Häggqvist K, Salmi P, Arvola L, Fastner J, Straile D, Rothhaupt KO, Fonvielle J, Grossart HP, Avagianos C, Kaloudis T, Triantis T, Zervou SK, Hiskia A, Gkelis S, Panou M, McCarthy V, Perello VC, Obertegger U, Boscaini A, Flaim G, Salmaso N, Cerasino L, Koreivienė J, Karosienė J, Kasperovičienė J, Savadova K, Vitonytė I, Haande S, Skjelbred B, Grabowska M, Karpowicz M, Chmura D, Nawrocka L, Kobos J, Mazur-Marzec H, Alcaraz-Párraga P, Wilk-Woźniak E, Krztoń W, Walusiak E, Gagala I, Mankiewicz-Boczek J, Toporowska M, Pawlik-Skowronska B, Niedźwiecki M, Pęczuła W, Napiórkowska-Krzebietke A, Dunalska J, Sieńska J, Szymański D, Kruk M, Budzyńska A, Goldyn R, Kozak A, Rosińska J, Szeląg-Wasielewska E, Domek P, Jakubowska-Krepska N, Kwasizur K, Messyasz B, Pełechata A, Pełechaty M, Kokocinski M, Madrecka B, Kostrzewska-Szlakowska I, Frąk M, Bańkowska-Sobczak A, Wasilewicz M, Ochocka A, Pasztaleniec A, Jasser I, Antão-Geraldes AM, Leira M, Hernández A, Vasconcelos V, Morais J, Vale M, Raposeiro PM, Gonçalves V, Aleksovski B, Krstić S, Nemova H, Drastichova I, Chomova L, Remec-Rekar S, Elersek T, Delgado-Martín J, García D, Cereijo JL, Gomà J, Trapote MC, Vegas-Vilarrúbia T, Obrador B, García-Murcia A, Real M, Romans E, Noguero-Ribes J, Duque DP, Fernández-Morán E, Úbeda B, Gálvez JÁ, Marcé R, Catalán N, Pérez-Martínez C, Ramos-Rodríguez E, Cillero-Castro C, Moreno-Ostos E, Blanco JM, Rodríguez V, Montes-Pérez JJ, Palomino RL, Rodríguez-Pérez E, Carballeira R, Camacho A, Picazo A, Rochera C, Santamans AC, Ferriol C, Romo S, Soria JM, Hansson LA, Urrutia-Cordero P, Özen A, Bravo AG, Buck M, Colom-Montero W, Mustonen K, Pierson D, Yang Y, M H Verspagen J, de Senerpont Domis LN, Seelen L, Teurlincx S, Verstijnen Y, Lürling M, Maliaka V, Faassen EJ, Latour D, Carey CC, W Paerl H, Torokne A, Karan T, Demir N, Beklioğlu M, Filiz N, E Levi E, Iskin U, Bezirci G, Tavşanoğlu ÜN, Çelik K, Özhan K, Karakaya N, Koçer MAT, Yilmaz M, Maraşlıoğlu F, Fakioglu Ö, Soylu EN, Yağcı MA, Çınar Ş, Çapkın K, Yağcı A, Cesur M, Bilgin F, Bulut C, Uysal R, Köker L, Akçaalan R, Albay M, Alp MT, Özkan K, Sevindik TO, Tunca H, Önem B, Richardson J, Edwards C, Bergkemper V, O'Leary S, Beirne E, Cromie H, and Ibelings BW

Subjects
Climate Change, Europe, Phytoplankton chemistry, Pigments, Biological, Cyanobacteria chemistry, Environmental Monitoring, Lakes
Abstract

Under ongoing climate change and increasing anthropogenic activity, which continuously challenge ecosystem resilience, an in-depth understanding of ecological processes is urgently needed. Lakes, as providers of numerous ecosystem services, face multiple stressors that threaten their functioning. Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are a persistent problem resulting from nutrient pollution and climate-change induced stressors, like poor transparency, increased water temperature and enhanced stratification. Consistency in data collection and analysis methods is necessary to achieve fully comparable datasets and for statistical validity, avoiding issues linked to disparate data sources. The European Multi Lake Survey (EMLS) in summer 2015 was an initiative among scientists from 27 countries to collect and analyse lake physical, chemical and biological variables in a fully standardized manner. This database includes in-situ lake variables along with nutrient, pigment and cyanotoxin data of 369 lakes in Europe, which were centrally analysed in dedicated laboratories. Publishing the EMLS methods and dataset might inspire similar initiatives to study across large geographic areas that will contribute to better understanding lake responses in a changing environment.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

37. Temperature Effects Explain Continental Scale Distribution of Cyanobacterial Toxins.

Author

Mantzouki E, Lürling M, Fastner J, de Senerpont Domis L, Wilk-Woźniak E, Koreivienė J, Seelen L, Teurlincx S, Verstijnen Y, Krztoń W, Walusiak E, Karosienė J, Kasperovičienė J, Savadova K, Vitonytė I, Cillero-Castro C, Budzyńska A, Goldyn R, Kozak A, Rosińska J, Szeląg-Wasielewska E, Domek P, Jakubowska-Krepska N, Kwasizur K, Messyasz B, Pełechaty A, Pełechaty M, Kokocinski M, García-Murcia A, Real M, Romans E, Noguero-Ribes J, Duque DP, Fernández-Morán E, Karakaya N, Häggqvist K, Demir N, Beklioğlu M, Filiz N, Levi EE, Iskin U, Bezirci G, Tavşanoğlu ÜN, Özhan K, Gkelis S, Panou M, Fakioglu Ö, Avagianos C, Kaloudis T, Çelik K, Yilmaz M, Marcé R, Catalán N, Bravo AG, Buck M, Colom-Montero W, Mustonen K, Pierson D, Yang Y, Raposeiro PM, Gonçalves V, Antoniou MG, Tsiarta N, McCarthy V, Perello VC, Feldmann T, Laas A, Panksep K, Tuvikene L, Gagala I, Mankiewicz-Boczek J, Yağcı MA, Çınar Ş, Çapkın K, Yağcı A, Cesur M, Bilgin F, Bulut C, Uysal R, Obertegger U, Boscaini A, Flaim G, Salmaso N, Cerasino L, Richardson J, Visser PM, Verspagen JMH, Karan T, Soylu EN, Maraşlıoğlu F, Napiórkowska-Krzebietke A, Ochocka A, Pasztaleniec A, Antão-Geraldes AM, Vasconcelos V, Morais J, Vale M, Köker L, Akçaalan R, Albay M, Špoljarić Maronić D, Stević F, Žuna Pfeiffer T, Fonvielle J, Straile D, Rothhaupt KO, Hansson LA, Urrutia-Cordero P, Bláha L, Geriš R, Fránková M, Koçer MAT, Alp MT, Remec-Rekar S, Elersek T, Triantis T, Zervou SK, Hiskia A, Haande S, Skjelbred B, Madrecka B, Nemova H, Drastichova I, Chomova L, Edwards C, Sevindik TO, Tunca H, Önem B, Aleksovski B, Krstić S, Vucelić IB, Nawrocka L, Salmi P, Machado-Vieira D, de Oliveira AG, Delgado-Martín J, García D, Cereijo JL, Gomà J, Trapote MC, Vegas-Vilarrúbia T, Obrador B, Grabowska M, Karpowicz M, Chmura D, Úbeda B, Gálvez JÁ, Özen A, Christoffersen KS, Warming TP, Kobos J, Mazur-Marzec H, Pérez-Martínez C, Ramos-Rodríguez E, Arvola L, Alcaraz-Párraga P, Toporowska M, Pawlik-Skowronska B, Niedźwiecki M, Pęczuła W, Leira M, Hernández A, Moreno-Ostos E, Blanco JM, Rodríguez V, Montes-Pérez JJ, Palomino RL, Rodríguez-Pérez E, Carballeira R, Camacho A, Picazo A, Rochera C, Santamans AC, Ferriol C, Romo S, Soria JM, Dunalska J, Sieńska J, Szymański D, Kruk M, Kostrzewska-Szlakowska I, Jasser I, Žutinić P, Gligora Udovič M, Plenković-Moraj A, Frąk M, Bańkowska-Sobczak A, Wasilewicz M, Özkan K, Maliaka V, Kangro K, Grossart HP, Paerl HW, Carey CC, and Ibelings BW

Subjects
Alkaloids, Climate Change, Cyanobacteria Toxins, Environmental Monitoring, Europe, Temperature, Uracil analysis, Bacterial Toxins analysis, Cyanobacteria, Lakes microbiology, Microcystins analysis, Tropanes analysis, Uracil analogs & derivatives, Water Pollutants analysis
Abstract

Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. Pacemaker follow-up: its role in the detection and correction of pacemaker system malfunction.

Author

Griffin JC, Schuenemeyer TD, Hess KR, Glaeser D, Anderson BJ, Romans E, Jenkins MA, and Nielsen AP

Subjects
Equipment Failure, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Outpatient Clinics, Hospital, Risk, Time Factors, Pacemaker, Artificial
Abstract

The goal of pacemaker follow-up is not only to detect battery depletion but also to detect all malfunctions of the pacing system and, when possible, to correct such problems using programming. During one year, we discovered 61 such malfunctions in a clinic of 1065 patients (5.7%). These were more frequent in the first year (7.7%) than in the third to fifth years of follow-up (range 3.1-4.8%). The incidence rose again in the sixth and subsequent years (7-7.7%). Despite a significant occurrence of malfunctions (5.2%) among multiprogrammable pacemakers, the necessity for operative intervention for their correction was low (1.2%). Sensing problems were the most common (57%) and the most likely to be corrected by reprogramming (85%); problems involving loss of capture were less likely to be corrected by programming (38.5%). Battery depletion accounted for only 18% of malfunctions, occurring earliest in the forty-third month of follow-up. Pulse generator longevity of those devices reaching end of battery life during the study period was 68.6 +/- 16.7 months (mean + SD). We conclude that specialized pacemaker follow-up continues to be necessary despite improved pulse generator reliability and longevity. Indeed, with reprogramming, it presently plays an even more important role than in the past. Follow-up should be oriented not only to the detection of battery depletion but also toward a comprehensive surveillance of pacemaker system function.

Published
1986
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results