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The work is devoted to improving the processes of digital technologies introduction in the field of the gas supply system on a methodological basis to enhance efficiency and reliability. The goal set in the study is to increase the reliability of the gas supply system of facilities based on the practical effectiveness of the digital technologies. This aim is achieved by solving the following tasks. Improving the methodology for assessing digital transformation in the field of gas supply. Application of the method of system analysis for the research, generalization of existing mathematical models and digital technologies. Identification of the modules of the main tasks for the implementation of an integrated method for improving the reliability of the gas supply system. The question of the criterion evaluation of the achievement of digitalization indicators is considered. So at the present stage, the digital technologies have already been introduced into the field of the gas supply, but the concepts of the basic level are not methodically defined. The most significant result is the improvement of the practical methodology for assessing digital transformation for the gas supply. A study of the current level of activity of gas distribution organizations shows a nonuniform level of the digital indicators for consumers and industrial facilities. The effectiveness of digital technologies is assessed taking into account the volume of gas consumption. The effect on economy, manufacturability and safety performance was made according to expert estimates and on the statistical data basis. The results of a multi-level modular-functional approach in estimation the digitalization of the effect were presented for the basic economically justified and promising level of the gas-supply digital transformation.

This study analyses EU and Lithuanian documents on countering disinformation/fake news to present the plurality of the Union’s approaches to ensuring resilience. Currently, there are three approaches to the problem in the EU. The first one, used by the European Commission, is the recognition of citizens’ right to information as well as of the need to promote critical thinking and information literacy. This approach fits into the adaptive paradigm of action in the information space and the concept of autopoietic resilience. The second approach, taken by the European External Action Service, is to expose fake news and the media spreading it. In combining adaptive and paternalistic paradigms of action in the information space, this approach employs a more static interpretation of resilience. Lithuania has adopted a third approach, which is dominated by the paternalistic paradigm and homeostatic resilience. This approach consists of the state isolating citizens from certain information. Thus, the popular use of the term ‘resilience’ in the EU disguises the plurality of approaches to both disinformation and resilience itself. Theoretically, this study draws on the concept of resilience and paradigms for countering disinformation/fake news. Methodologically, it relies on critical discourse analysis. The article suggests several possible causes of intra-EU differences in countering disinformation/fake news/propaganda and interpreting resilience

A stereotypical understanding of EU-Russia energy relations is often reduced to trade in oil and natural gas, which downplays the importance of energy efficiency cooperation. Such cooperation is promoted within the Energy Charter and its Treaty, Partnership and Cooperation Agreement, Energy Dialogue, Common Economic Space, Partnership for Modernisation. However, it lacks practical development, which relates to the instability of the legal environment in Russia, insufficient mechanisms of financial support for energy conservation projects and poor political support. Nevertheless, energy efficiency cooperation is capable of changing Russia-EU energy cooperation qualitatively: it offers a cheaper way to meet the needs of the EU, redefines interdependence between the parties, and introduces new elements of equality between them. Energy efficiency cooperation also transforms the patterns of the EU-Russia legal harmonization, creates new conditions for the convergence of regulations and the development of the middle class in Russia. Due to its specific features, cooperation in the Baltic Sea region becomes a locomotive of the Russia-EU energy efficiency cooperation, and, as a result, is capable of changing the quality of relations between the partners.

A stereotypical understanding of EU-Russia energy relations is often reduced to trade in oil and natural gas, which downplays the importance of energy efficiency cooperation. Such cooperation is promoted within the Energy Charter and its Treaty, Partnership and Cooperation Agreement, Energy Dialogue, Common Economic Space, Partnership for Modernisation. However, it lacks practical development, which relates to the instability of the legal environment in Russia, insufficient mechanisms of financial support for energy conservation projects and poor political support. Nevertheless, energy efficiency cooperation is capable of changing Russia-EU energy cooperation qualitatively: it offers a cheaper way to meet the needs of the EU, redefines interdependence between the parties, and introduces new elements of equality between them. Energy efficiency cooperation also transforms the patterns of the EU-Russia legal harmonization, creates new conditions for the convergence of regulations and the development of the middle class in Russia. Due to its specific features, cooperation in the Baltic Sea region becomes a locomotive of the Russia-EU energy efficiency cooperation, and, as a result, is capable of changing the quality of relations between the partners.

For ellipsoidal fiber-reinforced shells of rotation, the upper (kinematic) limit of load-bearing capacity is determined. The structures are clamped along the lower support contour and have rigid polar plate. The material of the components is rigid-plastic with asymmetry in tension and compression. The matrix is orthotropic. The principal axes of matrix anisotropy coincide with meridional, circumferential and transverse directions. Two-layer shell model and refined relations of structural model with two-dimensional stress state in components are used. Extreme problem is formulated and numerically solved for spherical and two different ellipsoidal shells. Influence of reinforcement parameters on limit load is investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]