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Simple Summary: Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a small population of cells in breast cancer tumors, playing a putative role in the cancer's progression. BCSC biomarkers are associated with cells' enhanced growth, adhesion, migration, and invasion potential and are responsible for poor outcomes. Due to the vast heterogeneity of breast cancer signaling pathways and associated therapeutic targets, treatment strategies vary and depend on the molecular subtype of BC. Nevertheless, drugs affecting the Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and HER2 signaling pathways have been effectively applied in BCSC elimination strategies. The complexity of the characteristics of each molecular subtype of breast cancer, with an emphasis on the involvement of breast cancer stem cells in the development, metastasis, and recurrence of the tumor, requires greater understanding. Continuous updating of knowledge and the development of new therapies will allow the effective elimination of cancer cells and the rapid recovery of patients. Breast cancer is one of the most frequently detected malignancies worldwide. It is responsible for more than 15% of all death cases caused by cancer in women. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease representing various histological types, molecular characteristics, and clinical profiles. However, all breast cancers are organized in a hierarchy of heterogeneous cell populations, with a small proportion of cancer stem cells (breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs)) playing a putative role in cancer progression, and they are responsible for therapeutic failure. In different molecular subtypes of breast cancer, they present different characteristics, with specific marker profiles, prognoses, and treatments. Recent efforts have focused on tackling the Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and HER2 signaling pathways. Developing diagnostics and therapeutic strategies enables more efficient elimination of the tumor mass together with the stem cell population. Thus, the knowledge about appropriate therapeutic methods targeting both "normal" breast cancer cells and breast cancer stem cell subpopulations is crucial for success in cancer elimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]