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Resumen: En el presente trabajo se realiza un estudio acerca de la figura femenina en el evergetismo romano. El amplio escenario del evergetismo nos ha llevado a centrar nuestro trabajo en las fundaciones dedicadas a sufragar los costes de alimentación de los niños y niñas pertenecientes a los sustratos humildes de la población. Para este estudio nos hemos basado en la figura de Fabia Hadrianilla por ser una mujer influyente que desarrolló en la Bética un programa similar al imperial para proporcionar alimentos a los menores desfavorecidos. A través de Fabia Hadrianilla, podemos analizar el comportamiento de las mujeres pertenecientes a la élite romana pues, a pesar de no desempeñar cargos políticos, supusieron un importante factor político ya que a través de sus actos evergéticos impulsaron las carreras políticas de los varones de sus familias Abstract. In the present work we intend to carry out a study about female figure in Roman evergetism. The broad scenario of evergetism has led us to focus on the foundations dedicated to defraying the food costs of children belonging to the humble substrata of the population. For this study we have based on the figure of Fabia Hadrianilla for being an influential woman who developed a similar program to the imperial one in Baetica to provide food to underprivileged minors. Through the figure of Fabia Hadrianilla, we can study the Roman elite women´s behavior because, despite not holding political positions, they were an important political factor since their evergetic acts promoted the political careers of their men. Grado en Historia

Resumen Este artículo muestra el papel de las vetulae o ancianas como transmisoras de sabiduría en la antigua Roma. Partimos de las aniles fabulae, historias de carácter femenino con objetivo de entretener, analizando sus características principales, su funcionalidad y los espacios en los que se narran. A continuación, analizamos el papel de la vetula como narradora, el cual encaja con el estereotipo de anus cotilla de las fuentes literarias, pero también con la noción de las personas ancianas como sabias y depositarias del patrimonio cultural y de la memoria familiar. Abstract The aim of this paper is to show the role of vetulae or elderly women as transmitters of wisdom in ancient Rome. For this purpose, we begin by analyzing the main characteristics, functionality and narrative spaces of aniles fabulae, feminine stories intended to entertain. Then, we analyze the role of vetulae as narrators, which fits with the stereotype of gossipy anus of literary sources, but also with the idea of the elderly as wise people, who carry cultural heritage and family memory.

Las sociedades humanas tienden a dividir el ciclo vital en varias etapas según criterios culturales concretos. En la antigua Roma, al igual que en las sociedades occidentales actuales, la etapa que precede a la muerte del sujeto, parte de la edad adulta pero al mismo tiempo distinta a ésta, era la vejez. La ancianidad ha sido tradicionalmente silenciados en los trabajos historiográficos sobre la Antigüedad, los cuales han tenido como protagonista al hombre adulto, especialmente el perteneciente a la élite. Si bien en las últimas décadas han proliferado las investigaciones relativas a otros sujetos históricos, como las mujeres o los individuos infantiles, no ocurre lo mismo con la vejez, sobre todo en el caso de las vetulae. El objetivo del presente artículo es subrayar la importancia de la vetula como sujeto histórico, presentar las diversas fuentes a través de las cuales podemos acceder a su conocimiento, y definir qué era en época romana la vejez femenina. Human societies tend to divide the life cycle into several stages according to specific cultural criteria. In ancient Rome, as in contemporary Western societies, the stage that precedes death, part of adulthood but at the same time different from it, was old age. Traditionally elders have been silenced in the historiographical works about Antiquity, which have the adult man, especially the one belonging to the elite, as the main subject. Even if the investigations about other historical agents, such as women or children, have proliferated in recent decades, it is not the case of old age, especially of vetulae. In this paper we highlight the importance of the vetula as a historical subject, we present various sources through which we can know them, and we define what female old age was in ancient Rome.

Položaj ženske v Grčiji se je skozi časovna obdobja starogrške države spreminjal. V zgodnjem obdobju, je bila ženska skoraj enakovredna moškemu, nato se je položaj močno poslabšal. Družbena depriviligiranost ženske se je kazala že ob njenem rojstvu, ko je bila nemalokrat prepuščena na milost in nemilost na kraju izpostavitve. Če jo je družina obdržala, je bila deležna najosnovnejše izobrazbe. Skozi vsa življenjska obdobja je bila podrejena moškemu, sprva očetu, po poroki možu. Njena družbena vloga je bila omejena na rojevanje dobrih državljanov. Najbolj cenjena je bila, ko je igrala vlogo pokorne, ustrežljive in tihe gospodinje, ki je za zidovi domačega gospodinjstva tkala, predla, vzgajala otroke ter nadzirala hišne sužnje. V javnem življenju se ni smela velikokrat pojavljati, razen ob različnih praznikih, kjer so imele ženske nepričakovano veliko vlogo. Tudi rimska ženska je bila vedno v senci moških. Rimska deklica je bila deležna skromnejše izobrazbe v primerjavi z dečkom. Skozi zgodovino rimske države se je izboljševal tudi položaj ženske. Kljub temu, da je bila njena domena predvsem delo v hiši, vzgoja otrok ter nadzor sužnjev, pa so se rimske ženske velikokrat pojavljale tudi v javnem življenju. Tako kot grška ženska, je tudi Rimljanka imela zelo pomembno vlogo pri religiji in na javnih praznovanjih. Prav tako je bila njena prioritetna naloga rojevanje otrok. Sprva je bila pod oblastjo očeta ali moža, nato pa je postala pomemben člen pri odločanju o svojem življenju. Position of women in Greece was subject to considerable change during the course of ancient Greek history. During the earlier periods of it, women are almost equal to men, but later their position worsened considerably. The lower social stance of women was visible already at their birth, since they were often victims of exposure. If a girl was kept by her family, she was only modestly educated. During all periods of her life she was subjugated to a man, in the beginning to her father, later to her husband. Her social role remained limited to giving birth to good citizens. She was most appreciated playing a role of obedient, submissive and quiet housewife, remaining behind the walls of her household. In public life, her appearances were rare, except for different religious festivals, where role of women was extraordinary important. Roman women remained in the shadow of men as well. A Roman girl was educated more modestly compared to a boy. But during the history of the Roman state position of women also improved. Although their domain remained principally housework, education of children as well as control of slaves, Roman women made many appearances in public life. Like Greek women, their Roman counterparts held considerable role in religion and during public festivals. Their prime role remained of course giving birth to children. They were under domination of her father or her husband, but later often had a possibility to decide about their lives for themselves.

OLIVEIRA, Roberto Arruda de. Alguns aspectos da Sátira VI de Juvenal. Caderno de Letras, Pelotas, v. 21, p. 31-42, 2013. After a brief introductory approach on gender satirist in Rome, we exposed some aspects of Juvenal’s Satire VI. Após uma breve abordagem introdutória sobre o gênero satírico em Roma, evocamos alguns aspectos da sátira VI de Juvenal.

En este artículo, con base en la lengua romana, puede demostrarse la activa participación de la mujer en la economía de Roma.