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Risk assessment is an integral part of an enterprise's quality management system. The risk of low quality products is the most significant risk, as it is directly related to the concept of enterprise competitiveness. The paper analyzes the scientific papers related to the assessment of the quality of products, processes and services, their disadvantages, possible limits of application. It is proposed to use mathematical dependences to obtain estimates of product quality indicators on a dimensionless scale. Knowing the density function of random variables of product quality indicators and knowing the mathematical dependence of their estimates on a dimensionless scale, it is proposed to obtain the density function of estimates. Knowing the function of the density of estimates of quality indicators, it is proposed to find the probabilities of risks of the assessment of quality indicators in any given interval on a dimensionless scale. A method for assessing the risks of low quality products has been developed

The article considers several modern scientific papers substantiating the need for assessing workplace safety and focusing on methods applied for the quantitative assessment of working conditions. The analysis found unsolved problems in qualimetry, which could lead to the development of new practical and generally applicable methods to effectively assess working conditions. The analysis proved the relevance of the topic and helped to determine the aim of the article, i.e., the development of a methodology for the quantitative assessment of working conditions in industries, considering harmful production factors. An exponential distribution, which belongs to the theory of extreme statistics, was proposed for the transition of heterogeneous single indicators of harmful factors into a dimensionless scale. Affine transformations were used to combine dissimilar scales, making it possible to divide segments on dissimilar scales into equal proportions. The article proposes a step-by-step method for determining a complex indicator of working conditions in industries. The proposed methodology allows management decisions that minimise the deviation in actual values of harmful factors from the optimal ones. The developed technique was tested at one specific metallurgical production site.

Indicators, different in terms of nature and grading scales, are used to recognise hazardous and harmful factors that affect human health. However, no single methodology is available for their assessment, and the variety of qualimetric assessment methods requires in-depth research, in part on optimality and efficiency. Therefore, this work aimed to conduct several scientific studies to obtain the results of the assessment in unified units of measurement, which would provide a generalised indicator of harmful factors at the workplace. The article proposes to use dependencies to assess indicators of harmful factors, considering the maximum, minimum, and optimal values as well as the shape parameter, the change of which produces various assessments in a dimensionless scale. A hierarchy analysis method was used to obtain reliable values with a small number of experts and determine the form parameter. These efforts resulted in the value of the overall index for harmful factors, which serves as grounds for decisions regarding further improvements in working conditions. The developed methodology was used to assess the safety of working conditions at a machine-building enterprise, and the results are presented in the article.

The subject of research in the article are methods and means of measurement and testing. The goal of the work is to analyze the metrological requirements of the ISO/IEC 17025:2017 standard for equipment and methods used to conduct tests in laboratories to ensure control of the metrological system processes, and to provide information on the practical application of the requirements of this standard, taking into account the provisions of other international standards. The following tasks are solved in the article: analysis of the position of international documents containing the requirements to the equipment and test methods for measurement in order to determine their practical implementation; analysis of ISO/IEC 17025:2017 on metrological requirements and proposed ways of implementation of these requirements. The following methods are used - analysis method. The following results have been obtained: the analysis of international requirements to the equipment, including measuring, testing (measurement) and standardization of these requirements has been carried out to implement the provisions of ISO/IEC 17025:2017. An important factor in the implementation of the standard in Ukraine is that currently there are no national standards that would regulate the general requirements for the use of measuring equipment and assess the accuracy of measurement results. This standard provides general approaches to the use of equipment and accuracy characteristics of the results obtained by appropriate methods. Fulfillment of the requirements of the methodology makes it possible to obtain a reliable result with the required accuracy. Conclusions: on the basis of the carried out analysis it is established that ISO/IEC 17025:2017 became a new perspective step towards application of metrological requirements to means and methods of testing and measurements defined by various other international documents in the field of metrology; the standard is a fundamental, in fact, reference book for metrologists on organization of work on assurance of reliability of measurement results and tests at the enterprise; assurance of conformity to the requirements of the international standard provides customers with confidence in the results of measurements.

Показники небезпечних та шкідливих чинників, що впливають на здоров’я людини, мають різну природу, тобто їх показники різні та вони мають різні шкали оцінювання, але на сьогодні не існує єдиної методики їх оцінювання, крім того різноманітність кваліметричних методів оцінювання вимагає глибокого наукового дослідження в частині оптимальності та ефективності. У статті запропоновано для оцінювання показників шкідливих чинників застосовувати залежності, які враховують максимальні, мінімальні та оптимальні значення і параметр форми, змінюючи який, можна отримувати різні оцінки на безрозмірній шкалі. Визначено три групи показників шкідливих чинників та побудовано для кожної групи залежності, що дозволило уніфікувати систему залежностей для оцінки показників шкідливих чинників. Проаналізовано переваги та недоліки системи залежностей. Суттєвим недоліком є невизначеність вибору параметру форми, оскільки від нього залежить оцінка показника на безрозмірній шкалі. Для визначення параметру форми запропоновано метод аналізу ієрархій, який ґрунтується на попарному порівнянні факторів, що дозволить отримувати достовірні значення. Зазначено, що перевагою застосування метод аналізу ієрархій для вибору параметра форми є мала кількість експертів, що дає можливість його застосування на виробництві при оцінюванні показників шкідливих чинників. Застосовуючи запропоновані коефіцієнти в якості параметра форми системи залежності дозволяють в кожному окремому випадку, в залежності від показника шкідливого чинника, рекомендувати жорсткіші чи слабші вимоги до показників. Проаналізовано небезпечні та шкідливі чинники у гарячому цеху машинобудівного підприємства та визначено їх допустимі норми згідно з нормативними документами. Запропонована апробація методики оцінювання показників шкідливих чинників. Графічно побудовано оцінку показників шкідливих чинників. На шкали нанесено максимально-допустимі та мінімально-допустимі значення показників шкідливих чинників. Визначено узагальнений показник шкідливих чинників для підстави приймати рішення стосовно подальших дій щодо поліпшення умов праці., Prevention and forecasting of the negative influence of harmful factors of machine building on the health of working people is an urgent task. Indicators of hazardous and harmful factors affecting human health are of different nature, that is, their indicators are different and they have different assessment scales, but today there is no uniform methodology for their assessment, besides the variety of qualimetric assessment methods requires in-depth scientific research in part optimality and efficiency. In the article it is suggested to use the dependences for the estimation of the indicators of the harmful factors taking into account the maximum, minimum and optimal values and the parameter of the form, changing which it is possible to receive different estimates on a dimensionless scale. Three groups of indicators of harmful factors were determined and built for each group of dependencies, which made it possible to unify the dependency system for the estimation of indicators of harmful factors. The advantages and disadvantages of the dependency system are analyzed. A significant drawback is the uncertainty of the choice of the form parameter, since it depends on the assessment of the indicator on a dimensionless scale. A method for analyzing hierarchies, based on pairwise comparison of factors, to obtain reliable values is proposed to determine the form parameter. It is noted that the advantage of using the method of analysis of hierarchies to select a form parameter is a small number of experts, which makes it possible to use it in production in the evaluation of indicators of harmful factors. Applying the proposed coefficients as a parameter of the form of the system of dependence, allows in each individual case, depending on the indicator of the harmful factor, to recommend rigid or weaker requirements to the indicators. The dangerous and harmful factors in the hot shop of the machine-building enterprise are analyzed and their permissible norms are determined in accordance with the normative documents. Probation of the methodology for estimating the indicators of harmful factors is suggested. Graphically assessment of indicators of harmful factors was constructed. The maximum permissible and minimum permissible values of indicators of harmful factors are marked on the scales. A generalized indicator of harmful factors is determined for the reason to make a decision on further actions to improve working conditions.

The article presents the results of numerical experiments on modeling of absorption of gamma-radiation with/without using the proposed radiation-protective suit and radiation-shielding material (lead glass in the form of microspheres). The proposed method numerical experiments leads to the reduction of human, time and financial resources. When conducting numerical experiments we used the software package GEANT4. When conducting numerical experiments, we used a phantom of the human body (total of 40 organs). Radiation-protective suit was developed in a graphical environment on 3D modeling and visualization 3ds MAX and the obtained model was introduced into the software package GEANT4 with the use a graphics library CADMesh.The calculations were performed for gamma radiation in the energy range from 100 keV to 1.5 MeV with a step of 50 keV. For each point the number of gamma-rays was equal to 106. The size of the gamma source was 2x0.75 m. Distance between source and irradiated object was 0,5 m. One run of calculation took time about 120 min.The results of numerical calculations show the following: the efficiency of reducing energy absorption for organs that are not fully covered by a radiation-protective suit can be worse than without the use of suit; the reduction efficiency of absorption of energy of gamma radiation falls with increasing energy.The obtained results allow to design and calculate the efficiency of radiation-protective clothing