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1. Pegylated interferon α plus ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: A multicentre independent study supported by the Italian Drug Agency

Author

Mascolo, M.C., Cursaro, C., Scuteri, A., Ranieri, J., Monti, M., Bellentani, S., Gasbarrini, A., Pompili, M., Puoti, C., Bellis, L., Regazzetti, A., Maffezzini, E., Pietrangelo, A., Abbati, G., Raimondo, G., Scribano, L., Martines, D., Baroni, G. Svegliati, Faraci, G., Schianchi, S., Fornaciari, G., Fabris, P., Madonia, S., Civitavecchia, G., Pirisi, M., Smirne, C., Borghi, A., Sardini, C., Andreoletti, M., Morisco, F., Caporaso, N., Fargion, S., Fatta, E., Masutti, F., Bonaventura, M.E., Autolitano, A., Russello, M., Bellia, A., Toniutto, P., Bitetto, D., Mecenate, F., Pasulo, L., Lucà, M.G., Picardi, A., Vespasiani, U., Grattagliano, I., Palasciano, G., Romagno, D., Crespi, C., Gianstefani, A., Gobbo, G., Monti, V., Giannelli, G., Napoli, N., Nosotti, Raspanti, A., Cuccorese, Colombo, A.E., Floridia, Plattella, M.S., Cassano, P., Gentile, I., Blanc, P.L., Messina, V., Bonfante, S., Bellissima, P., Toti, M., Vecchiet, J., Falasca, K., Portelli, V., De Stefano, G., Pietromatera, G., Viganò, P., Re, T., Andreoni, M., Raineri, G., Massari, M., Grossi, P.A., Caputo, S., Cassola, G., Feasi, M., Foti, G., Kunkar, A., Corti, G., Baragli, F., Caterini, L., Migliorini, D., Chiodera, A., Calleri, G., Spezia, C., Baiguera, C., Puoti, M., Brancaccio, G., Gaeta, G.B., Vento, S., Di Biagio, A., Nicolini, L., Liberti, A., Iannece, M.D., Contini, C., Tacconi, D., Caremani, M., Almi, P., Chimenti, M., Cosco, Messeri, D., Esperti, F.C., Paffetti, A., Mastropietro, C., Moretti, A., Spagnolo, A.L., Lomonaco, L., Calì, A., Mandelli, G., Spinzi, G.C., Framarin, L., Berrutti, M., Boccia, S., Simone, L., Pazzi, P., Fornari, F., Comparato, G., Casetti, T., Foschi, F.G., Bertin, T., Salvagnini, M., Samori, A., Ferretti, E., Casiraghi, M.A., Marin, R., Ciancio, A., Campo, N., Testa, R., Rocco, A., Federico, A., Loguercio, C., Rizzo, S., Giannini, E.G., Corbo, M., Riegler, G., Esposito, P., Ricci, G.L., Rosina, Floriano, Tosti, Maria Elena, Borghesio, Elisabetta, Masocco, Maria, Mele, Alfonso, Coppola, Carmine, Milella, Michele, Borgia, Guglielmo, Andreone, Pietro, Koch, Maurizio, Zignego, Anna Linda, Romano, Mario, Carrara, Maurizio, Almasio, Piero Luigi, Azzola, Emilio, Nardone, Gerardo, Benedetti, Antonio, Carosi, Giampiero, Mazzotta, Francesco, Sagnelli, Evangelista, and Rizzetto, Mario

Published
2014
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2. Una via europea, e semantica, alla sintassi

Author

Alfieri, L, Banfi, E., Bartolotta, A., Benedetti, M., Bernini, G, Berra, C e Martinelli Tempesta, S, Biondi, L, Blanc, A., Bombi, R, Bonfadini, G, Bonomi, I, Borghi, G, Campanile, D, Capra, A, Cardella, MM, Castagneto, M, Chiesa P, Chiusaroli, F, Coca, F, Consani, C, Cotticelli-Kurras, P, Crevatin, F, Cuzzolin, P, D'Agostino, A, Dardano, P, De Angelis, A, Dedè, F, Dell'Oro, F, Di Giovine, P, Dovetto, FM, Fanciullo, F, Finazzi, RB e Tornaghi, P, Formigari, L, García Ramón, JL, Gensini, S., Giacalone Ramat, A, Gobber, G, Graffi, G, Gualandri, I, Iannàccaro, G., Iodice, M, La Fauci, N, Lorenzetti, L, Lozza, G, Lubello, S, Maggi, D, Magni, E, Mancini, M, Manzelli, G, Marchese, MP, Marotta, G, Melazzo, L, Meluzzi, C, Milizia, P, Moretti, PF, Motta, F e Nuti, A, Orengo, A, Orioles, V, Pieruccini, C, Piotti, M., Poccetti, P, Poli, D, Pompei, A, Pompeo, F, Pontani, P, Pontillo, T, Ramat, P, Rapallo, U, Raynaud, S, Rizza, A, Rocca, G, Romagno, D, Ronzitti, R, Rossi, PM, Rovai, F, Sanga, G, Scala, A, Schirru, G, Sgroi, SC, Sornicola, R, Squartini, M, Springfield Tomelleri, V, Vai, M, Zinzi, M, con la collaborazione di Meluzzi, C, Raynaud, Savina, Raynaud, S (ORCID:0000-0002-8054-1733), Alfieri, L, Banfi, E., Bartolotta, A., Benedetti, M., Bernini, G, Berra, C e Martinelli Tempesta, S, Biondi, L, Blanc, A., Bombi, R, Bonfadini, G, Bonomi, I, Borghi, G, Campanile, D, Capra, A, Cardella, MM, Castagneto, M, Chiesa P, Chiusaroli, F, Coca, F, Consani, C, Cotticelli-Kurras, P, Crevatin, F, Cuzzolin, P, D'Agostino, A, Dardano, P, De Angelis, A, Dedè, F, Dell'Oro, F, Di Giovine, P, Dovetto, FM, Fanciullo, F, Finazzi, RB e Tornaghi, P, Formigari, L, García Ramón, JL, Gensini, S., Giacalone Ramat, A, Gobber, G, Graffi, G, Gualandri, I, Iannàccaro, G., Iodice, M, La Fauci, N, Lorenzetti, L, Lozza, G, Lubello, S, Maggi, D, Magni, E, Mancini, M, Manzelli, G, Marchese, MP, Marotta, G, Melazzo, L, Meluzzi, C, Milizia, P, Moretti, PF, Motta, F e Nuti, A, Orengo, A, Orioles, V, Pieruccini, C, Piotti, M., Poccetti, P, Poli, D, Pompei, A, Pompeo, F, Pontani, P, Pontillo, T, Ramat, P, Rapallo, U, Raynaud, S, Rizza, A, Rocca, G, Romagno, D, Ronzitti, R, Rossi, PM, Rovai, F, Sanga, G, Scala, A, Schirru, G, Sgroi, SC, Sornicola, R, Squartini, M, Springfield Tomelleri, V, Vai, M, Zinzi, M, con la collaborazione di Meluzzi, C, Raynaud, Savina, and Raynaud, S (ORCID:0000-0002-8054-1733)

Abstract

C’è una vulgata sulla “latitanza” della sintassi nello strutturalismo, in particolare europeo, e più ampiamente nei modelli europei di teoria linguistica che merita di essere vagliata nella sua attendibilità. Tra la fine dell’Ottocento e i primi del Novecento, soprattutto in ambiente germanofono, la sintassi venne infatti lungamente scrutata o avvistata come cruciale,a partire da più ambiti disciplinari, spesso fra loro irrelati e ben al di là dell’incipiente strutturalismo: dalla psicologia, dalla logica, dalla filosofia, dalla grammatica, tramille distinguo e un forte impegno di categorizzazione. Se l’obiettivo in Bühler è il monitoraggio del pensiero nel suo nascere, tra i praghesi l’intento è quello di osservare da vicino (modello del codice) le diverse risorse offerte da lingue diverse per l’organizzazione inequivoca e quanto più possibile libera dell’espressione, così come di monitorare (modello della comunicazione) l’esito compiuto dell’avvicendarsi dei pensieri nello scambio dialogico. Si lascia dunque narrare una progressione di indagini coltivate in più sedi, ma certamente spesso ambientate tra Vienna (Miklosich, Brentano, Bühler) e Praga (Marty, Zubaty, Mathesius, Funke, Carnap). Quasi si potrebbe illustrare, anche a proposito di sintassi, la sua semiosi ora propriamente simbolica di relazioni in re, ora più unilateralmente sintomatica, espressiva dell’Erlebnis dei parlanti – l’erlebte Rededi letteraria memoria, ad esempio – ora più intenzionalmente appellativa, quasi indice puntato alla volta dell’interlocutore. Quindi, sì, una semiotica della sintassi, inclusiva – ovviamente – di una semantica della stessa sintassi, che non ne teorizzi né l'estraneità alla lingua né l'autonomia dalle lingue

Published
2022

5. Molecular and classical cytogenetic analyses demonstrate an apomorphic reciprocal choromosomal translocation in Gorilla gorilla

Author

Stanyon, R., Wienberg, J., Romagno, D., Bigoni, F., Jauch, A., and Cremer, T.

Subjects
Gorillas -- Genetic aspects, Translocation (Genetics) -- Analysis, Chromosome abnormalities -- Analysis, Human evolution -- Genetic aspects, Anthropology/archeology/folklore
Abstract

The existence of an apomorphic reciprocal chromosomal translocation in the gorilla lineage has been asserted or denied by various cytogeneticists. We employed a new molecular cytogenetic strategy (chromosomal in situ suppression hybridization) combined with high-resolution banding, replication sequence analysis, and fluorochrome staining to demonstrate that a reciprocal translocation between ancestral chromosomes homologous to human chromosome 5 and 17 has indeed occurred.

Published
1992

6. Hepatitis C in the elderly: a multicentre cross-sectional study by the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver

Author

Gramenzi, A, Conti, F, Cammà, C, Grieco, A, Picciotto, A, Furlan, C, Romagno, D, Costa, P, Rendina, M, Ancarani, F, Chiaramonte, Maria, Verucchi, G, Craxì, A, Bernardi, M, Andreone, P, Floreani, Annarosa, Basso, Monica, Gramenzi, A, Conti, F, Cammà, C, Grieco, A, Picciotto, A, Furlan, C, Romagno, D, Costa, P, Rendina, M, Ancarani, F, Chiaramonte, M, Verucchi, G, Craxi, A, Bernardi, M, Andreone, P, Gramenzi A, Conti F, Cammà C, Grieco A, Picciotto A, Furlan C, Romagno D, Rendina M, Chiaramonte M, Verucchi G, Craxi A, Bernardi M, and Andreone P.

Subjects
Liver Cirrhosis, Male, AGED PATIENTS, EPIDEMIOLOGY, HCV INFECTION, LIVER DISEASES, ANTI-VIRAL TREATMENT, Epidemiology, Cross-sectional study, Hepacivirus, medicine.disease_cause, Liver disease, 80 and over, Prevalence, Chronic, Aged patients, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, hepatitis c elderly italy, Age Factors, Gastroenterology, liver diseases, hcv infection, epidemiology, aged patients, Alanine Transaminase, Hepatitis C, Viral Load, HCV infection, Italy, HCV, Liver diseases, Population study, Female, Viral load, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, Settore MED/12 - GASTROENTEROLOGIA, Hepatitis C virus, Population, geriatric, Antiviral Agents, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, education, Settore MED/42 - IGIENE GENERALE E APPLICATA, Aged, Hepatology, business.industry, Settore MED/09 - MEDICINA INTERNA, Hepatitis C, Chronic, Hepatitis C Antibodies, medicine.disease, Surgery, Cross-Sectional Studies, business
Abstract

Background: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection increases with advancing age, but elderly hepatitis C virus patients remain an understudied population. Aim: To define the virological, epidemiological and clinical profiles of Italian outpatients aged 65 years and over infected by hepatitis C virus. Methods: We evaluated 1544 anti-hepatitis C virus positive patients aged >=65 years referred to 34 Italian outpatient specialty clinics over a two-year period. Results: The study population included 1134 (73%) early elderly (65-74 years) and 410 (27%) late elderly patients (>=75 years). Late elderly subjects were less likely to have their virus genotyped, their viral load assessed or a histological evaluation of liver disease. Overall, 30% of patients had advanced liver disease whose prevalence increased with increasing age. In both age groups, about 40% of patients had normal transaminase levels. Excluding patients with past infection, 51% had not received any antiviral treatment and only 25% were treated after the age of 65. Late elderly patients, women and patients with advanced liver diseases had been less frequently treated. The main reason for exclusion from treatment was age followed by the presence of comorbid conditions. Conclusions: Elderly hepatitis C virus patients referred to Italian specialty clinics have advanced and underestimated liver disease. Nevertheless, they are progressively understudied in parallel with increasing age. © 2012 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l.

Published
2012
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13. Pegylated interferon α plus ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: A multicentre independent study supported by the Italian Drug Agency

Author

Rosina, Floriano, Tosti, Maria Elena, Borghesio, Elisabetta, Masocco, Maria, Mele, Alfonso, Coppola, Carmine, Milella, Michele, Borgia, Guglielmo, Andreone, Pietro, Koch, Maurizio, Zignego, Anna Linda, Romano, Mario, Carrara, Maurizio, Almasio, Piero Luigi, Azzola, Emilio, Nardone, Gerardo, Benedetti, Antonio, Carosi, Giampiero, Mazzotta, Francesco, Sagnelli, Evangelista, Rizzetto, Mario, Mascolo, M. C., Cursaro, C., Scuteri, A., Crespi, C., Gianstefani, A., Ranieri, J., Monti, M., Corti, G., Blanc, P. L., Baragli, F., Bellentani, S., Gasbarrini, A., Pompili, M., Mecenate, F., Picardi, A., Vespasiani, U., Nosotti, Null, Null, A. Picardi, Ricci, G. L., Paffetti, A., Mastropietro, C., Moretti, A., Spagnolo, A. L., Puoti, C., Bellis, L., Regazzetti, A., Maffezzini, E., Pietrangelo, A., Abbati, G., Borghi, A., Sardini, C., Raimondo, G., Scribano, L., Martines, D., Svegliati Baroni, G., Faraci, G., Schi anchi, S., Fornaciari, G., Massari, M., Fabris, P., Bertin, T., Salvagnini, M., Madonia, S., Calì, A., Civitavecchia, G., Pirisi, M., Smirne, C., Andreoletti, M., Morisco, F., Caporaso, N., Gentile, I., Brancaccio, G., Gaeta, G. B., Liberti, A., Iannece, M. D., Rocco, A., Federico, A., Loguercio, C., Riegler, G., Esposito, P., Fargion, S., Fatta, E., Masutti, F., Bonaventura, M. E., Autolitano, A., Russello, M., Bellia, A., Toniutto, P., Bitetto, D., Pasulo, L., Lucà, M. G., Grattagliano, I., Palasciano, G., Romagno, D., Giannelli, G., Napoli, N., Plattella, M. S., Cassano, P., Gobbo, G., Monti, V., Raspanti, A., Cuccorese, Null, Colombo, A. E., Mandelli, G., Spinzi, G. C., Floridia, Null, Messina, V., Bonfante, S., Bellissima, P., Toti, M., Vecchiet, J., Falasca, K., Portelli, V., Stefano, G. De, Pietromatera, G., Viganò, P., Re, T., Andreoni, M., Null, G. Raineri, Grossi, P. A., Caputo, S., Cassola, G., Feasi, M., Biagio, A. Di, Nicolini, LAURA AMBRA, Giannini, EDOARDO GIOVANNI, Corbo, M., Foti, G., Kunkar, A., Caterini, L., Migliorini, D., Chiodera, A., Calleri, G., Spezia, C., Framarin, L., Null, M. Berrutti, Ciancio, A., Baiguera, C., Puoti, M., Vento, S., Contini, C., Boccia, S., Casiraghi, M. A., Simone, L., Tacconi, D., Caremani, M., Almi, P., Chimenti, M., Cosco, Null, Messeri, D., Esperti, F. C., Lomonaco, L., Pazzi, P., Fornari, F., Comparato, G., Casetti, T., Foschi, F. G., Samori, A., Ferretti, E., Marin, R., Campo, N., Testa, R., Rizzo, S., Rosina, F, Tosti, ME, Borghesio, E, Masocco, M, Mele, A, Coppola, C, Milella, M, Borgia, G, Andreone, P, Koch, M, Zignego, AL, Romano, M, Carrara, M, Almasio, PL, Azzola, E, Nardone, G, Benedetti, A, Carosi, G, Mazzotta, F, Sagnelli, E, Rizzetto, M, Rosina, F., Tosti, M. E., Borghesio, E., Masocco, M., Mele, A., Coppola, C., Milella, M., Borgia, Guglielmo, Andreone, P., Koch, M., Zignego, A. L., Romano, M., Carrara, M., Almasio, P. L., Azzola, E., Nardone, GERARDO ANTONIO PIO, Benedetti, A., Carosi, G., Mazzotta, F., Sagnelli, E., Rizzetto, M., Aifa, Aisf, Simit, Aigo, Sige, Gentile, Ivan, Morisco, Filomena, Et, Al, Floriano Rosina, Maria Elena Tosti, Elisabetta Borghesio, Maria Masocco, Alfonso Mele, Carmine Coppola, Michele Milella, Guglielmo Borgia, Pietro Andreone, Maurizio Koch, Anna Linda Zignego, Mario Romano, Maurizio Carrara, Piero Luigi Almasio, Emilio Azzola, Gerardo Nardone, Antonio Benedetti, Giampiero Carosi, Francesco Mazzotta, Evangelista Sagnelli, and Mario Rizzetto

Subjects
Registrie, Male, Cirrhosis, medicine.disease_cause, Polyethylene Glycol, Gastroenterology, Polyethylene Glycols, chemistry.chemical_compound, Hepatitis Viruses, Hepatitis Viruse, Prospective Studies, Viral, Registries, Chronic, Prospective cohort study, Drug Carrier, Drug Carriers, Settore MED/12 - Gastroenterologia, Medicine (all), Recombinant Protein, Middle Aged, Hepatitis C, Recombinant Proteins, Treatment Outcome, Italy, Combination, RNA, Viral, Population study, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, Hepatitis C virus, Alpha interferon, Ribavirin, Sustained virological response (SVR), Treatment, Antiviral Agents, Follow-Up Studie, Hepatology, Drug Therapy, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Antiviral Agent, business.industry, Interferon-alpha, HCV therapy, Hepatitis C, Chronic, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Prospective Studie, chemistry, Immunology, RNA, Follow-Up Studies, business
Abstract

a b s t r a c t Background: Data on the efficacy of Peg-interferon/ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C are mostly derived from treatment of selected patients enrolled in clinical trials. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Peg-interferon/ribavirin therapy in “real world” chronic hepatitis C patients in Italy. Methods: Independent observational multicentre study including consecutive patients receiving Peginterferon/ribavirin in the 18 months before (retrospective phase) and after (prospective phase) the start of the study. Results: 4176 patients were eligible. The final study population consisted of 2051 patients in the retrospective and 2073 in the prospective phase. Sustained virological response was achieved by 1036 patients (50.5%) during the retrospective phase: 325 were genotypes 1/4 (34.1%) and 684 were genotypes 2/3 (67.2%) and by 800 patients (38.6%) during the prospective phase: 300 were genotypes 1/4 (28.4%) and 473 were genotypes 2/3 (51.5%). During multivariate analysis genotypes 2/3 were significantly associated with higher sustained virological response rates; cirrhosis and -glutamil-transpeptidase >2 times the normal limit were associated with poorer response. Conclusions: The response to Peg-interferon/ribavirin therapy in “real world” clinical practice is distinctly lower than in registration trials. The difference in response rates was more pronounced among easy-totreat than among difficult-to-treat hepatitis C virus genotypes.

Published
2014

16. Geni TBX e patologia umana

Author

Romagno, Daniela

Subjects
Medicina, Genetica, DNA, Open Access
Abstract

TBX genes belong to a family of homeotic genes (t-boxes) for which it has been proved that gene mutations have serious consequences on the development. In particular, there is significant evidence to support the involvement of the TBX1 gene in DiGeorge / Velocardiofacial syndrome (DGS/VCFS) and it has been proved that the TBX3 and TBX5 genes are implicated, respectively, in UMS (Ulnar Mammary Syndhrome) and in Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS). The book collects information available in the literature up to October 2001 on human TBX genes. The review of the data allowed to come to interesting considerations and offers ideas for orienting further research.

Published
2022
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20. A survey of adverse events in 11,241 patients with chronic viral hepatitis treated with alfa interferon

Author

Fattovich, G., Giustina, G., Favarato, S., Ruol, A., Macarri, G., Orlandi, E., Iaquinto, G., Ambrosone, L., Francavilla, A., Pastore, G., Santantonio, M. T., Romagno, D., Bolondi, L., Sofia, S., Marchesini, A., Pisi, E., Mazzella, G., Roda, E., Attaro, L., Chiodo, E., Mori, E., Verucchi, G., Lanzini, A., Salmi, A., Calvi, B., Bozzetti, E., Radaeli, E., Bernasconi, M., Pilleri, G., Bacca, D., Romano, G., Mastrapasqua, G., Cozzolongo, R., Cacopardo, B., Nunnari, A., Blasi, A., Sala, L. O., Minoli, G., Sangiovanni, A., Spinzi, G. C., Colombo, A., Camassa, M., Riva, D., Maggi, G., Boccia, S., Gualandi, G., Nucci, A., Pacini, F., Marino, N., Mazzotta, E., La Mura, A., Pompei, A. G., Casinelli, K., Petrosillo, N., Giacchino, R., Timitilli, A., Spiga, E., Corsetti, M., Menicagli, V., Tucci, A., Bissoli, E., Raimondo, G., Rodino, G., Bellobuono, A., Ideo, G., Colombo, M., Pacchetti, S., Rumi, M. R., Battezzati, P. M., Bruno, S., Podda, M., Zuin, M., Fargion, S., Fiorelli, G., Gellmann, E., Vandelli, C., Ventura, E., Manenti, F., Villa, E., Caporaso, N., Coltorti, M., Morisco, E., Del Vecchio-Blanco, C., di Santolo, S. S., Di Nunzio, S., Ruggiero, G., Zampino, R., Ascione, A., De Luca, M., Galeota-Lanza, A., Aprea, L., Sagnelli, E., Felaco, E. M., Piccinino, E., Ballare, M., Monteverde, A., Tappero, G., Sanna, G., Alberti, A., Bonetti, P., Casarin, C., Diodati, G., Tremolada, E., Naccarato, R., Chiaramonte, M., Floreani, M. R., Almasio, P., Craxi, A., Loiacono, O., Pagliaro, L., Fiaccadori, E., Giuberti, T., Belloni, G., Bernardini, E., Buscarini, L., Sbolli, G., Giudici-Cipriani, A., Marenco, G., Mazzaro, C., Massari, M., Fornaciari, G., Plancher, A., Gasbarrini, G., Grieco, A., Luchetti, R., Rapaccini, G. L., Bombardieri, G., Di Virgilio, D., Bruno, G., Ricci, G. L., Hassan, G., Mari, T., Scalisi, I., Colloredo, G., Frunzio, A., Tabone, M., Costa, C., Rosina, E., Saracco, G., Verme, G., Frezza, M., Urban, E., Capra, E., Casaril, M., Corrocher, R., and Benetti, G. P.

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Hepatitis, Viral, Human, Alpha interferon, Poison control, Chronic viral hepatitis, Interferon alfa, Side effects, Gastroenterology, Autoimmune Diseases, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Adverse effect, Child, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Hepatitis, Hepatology, business.industry, Thyroid disease, Mental Disorders, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Recombinant Proteins, Surgery, Bone marrow suppression, Child, Preschool, Chronic Disease, Interferon Type I, Female, business, Viral hepatitis, medicine.drug
Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of fatal, life-threatening side effects and the de novo appearance of non-hepatic morbidity during interferon alfa therapy for chronic viral hepatitis. The relationship of these adverse events to actual total dose and duration of interferon was also evaluated. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study at 73 Italian centers of 11 241 consecutive patients with chronic vital hepatitis who underwent interferon alfa treatment. Results: Five patients died during interferon therapy due to liver failure ( n =4) or complications arising from sepsis. Life-threatening side effects were observed in eight patients: two cases where depression developed and led to a suicide attempt and six patients with bone marrow suppression (granulocytes 3 or platelets 3 ). These symptoms and signs completely disappeared after interferon withdrawal. During interferon treatment, 131 patients developed the following de novo non-hepatic disorders: symptomatic thyroid disease ( n =71), impotence ( n =5), systemic autoimmune disease ( n =5), immune-mediated dermatologic disease ( n =14), diabetes mellitus ( n =10), cardiovascular disease ( n =7), psychosis n =10), seizures ( n =4), peripheral neuropathy ( n =3) and hemolytic anemia ( n =2). Most of these complications are reversible or can be ameliorated. Fatal or life-threatening side effects were not related to actual total dose or duration of interferon alfa, while the majority of patients with de novo non-hepatic morbidity received medium/high doses ( > 200 million units) of interferon alfa or were treated for periods longer than 16 weeks (68% and 80%, respectively). Conclusions: Treatment with interferon alfa may have fatal or life-threatening side effects, their incidence in this study being low (0.04% and 0.07%, respectively) and perhaps no different than in untreated patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Moreover de novo non-hepatic morbidity occurred in 1.2% of patients, and the dose and duration of interferon therapy seem important in determining the frequency of this complication. The development of clinically-overt thyroid disease was most common.

Published
1996

21. 603 A MULTICENTER ITALIAN CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) INFECTION

Author

Conti, F., primary, Morieri, M.L., additional, Gramenzi, A., additional, Cammá, C., additional, Grieco, A., additional, Picciotto, A., additional, Taliani, G., additional, Romagno, D., additional, Costa, P., additional, Rendina, M., additional, Ancarani, F., additional, Chiaramonte, M., additional, Verucchi, G., additional, Craxì, A., additional, Bernardi, M., additional, and Andreone, P., additional

Published
2009
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26. Spatial Cognition and Frames of Reference in Indo-European

Author

Annamaria Bartolotta, Romagno, D., Rovai, F., Bianconi M, Capano, M., Bertocci, D, Bologna, MP, XCardella, V, Cennamo, M, Cotticelli, P, Dedé, F, Cotugno, F, Keidan, A, Mancini, M, Rodeghiero, S, Rovai, F, Romagno, D, Sanfelici, E, Scala, A, and Bartolotta, Annamaria

Subjects
Space language, Indo-European, cognition, FoRs, ancient languages, spatial cognition – deixis – Indo-European – Vedic – Homeric Greek, Settore L-LIN/01 - Glottologia E Linguistica
Abstract

The development of Frames of Reference (FoRs) as coordinate systems in space language has gained increasing attention in current linguistic, neurolinguistic, and psycholinguistic research (Diessel 2013: 687; Kemmerer 2010). Previous studies on typology of spatial expressions have traditionally been based on the universal status of the egocentric or relative FoR found in the Indo- European languages, in which the relation between Figure and Ground is specified by the deictic observer’s viewpoint (Mühlhäusler 2001). However, there is growing crosslinguistic evidence that many non-Indo-European languages do not make use of such deictic or ternary FoR, but interpret spatial relations by referring to binary non-egocentric absolute (geocentric) and intrinsic (objectcentered) FoRs (Levinson 2003; O’Meara & Pérez Báez 2011). Contrary to the hypothesis according to which children’s spatial representations are primarily egocentric, the most recent results on spatial language acquisition similarly suggest that children initially exhibit a strong bias toward absolute rather than relative FoRs (Shusterman & Li 2016). If one takes a historical perspective, it can be found that spatial cognition in the Indo-European language is different from that found in modern European languages. After investigating the contexts of use of spatial terms of FRONT, BEHIND, LEFT, RIGHT in Vedic Sanskrit and Ancient Greek in a comparative perspective, this paper aims at reconstructing the proto-language spatial FoRs. Specifically, data from the Rigveda and the Homeric poems prove that the egocentric relative FoR could not have existed yet in Indo- European, which indeed reveals traces of an absolute language. The close association between those spatial terms and east and west cardinal directions shows a projection of the front-back axis to spatial relations according to the positions of the sun within a geocentric FoR. These findings are also in line with recent studies on the existence of deictically-neutral temporal sequences in Indo- European space-time metaphors (Bartolotta 2018). References Bartolotta, A. 2018. Spatio-temporal deixis and cognitive models in early Indo-European. «Cognitive Linguistics» 29 (1), 1-44. Kemmerer, D. 2010. A neuroscientific perspective on the linguistic encoding of categorical spatial relations, in Evans, V. & P. Chilton (Eds), Language, cognition and space. Equinox, pp. 139-170. Levinson, S. C. 2003. Space in Language and Cognition. Cambridge University Press. Mühlhäusler, P. 2001. Universals and typology of space, in Haspelmath M. (Ed.), Language typology and language universals: An international handbook. Vol. 20. Walter de Gruyter. O’Meara, C. & Pérez Báez, G. 2011. Spatial frames of reference in Mesoamerican languages. «Language Sciences» 33, 837-852. Shusterman, A. & Li, P. 2016. Frames of reference in spatial language acquisition. «Cognitive Psychology» 88, 115-161.

Published
2022

27. Introduction

Author

Bartolotta Annamaria, Aliffi Lucia, Nigrelli Castrenze, Aliffi, ML, Bartolotta, A, Nigrelli, C., Benedetti, M, Bologna, MP, Dedè, F, Bombi, R, Consani, C, Cotticelli-Kurras, P, Crespo, E, Cuzzolin, P, De Angelis, A, Dovetto, FM, García Ramón, JL, Kölligan, D, Kulikov, L, Lazzeroni, R, Mancini, M, Manco, A, Negri, M, Orioles, V, Poccetti, P, Poli, D, Pompei, A, Romagno, D, Ruffino, G, Scala, A, Sgroi, SC, Solinas, P., Sornicola, R, de la Villa, J., and Bartolotta, Annamaria, Aliffi, Lucia, Nigrelli, Castrenze

Subjects
Essays in honour of Lucio Melazzo, Settore L-LIN/01 - Glottologia E Linguistica
Published
2021

28. Deissi spaziale e verbi di movimento in vedico

Author

BARTOLOTTA, Annamaria, Dedè, F., DEDÈ, F, BARTOLOTTA, A, BIONDI, L, BOLOGNA, MP, CARDELLA, MM, CASTAGNETO M e SIDRASCHI D, CUZZOLIN, P, D’ERRICO M, GRANDI N, PATERNESIMELONI S, TAMBURINI, F, MAGNI, E, MANCO, A, MILIZIA, P, POMPEI, A, POMPEO, F, ROMAGNO, D, SCHIRRU, G, THORNTON AM., and Bartolotta, A.

Subjects
motion verbs, Spatial Deixi, Vedic Sanskrit, Settore L-LIN/01 - Glottologia E Linguistica
Abstract

This study is part of a broader research project on temporal and spatial deixis in the Proto-Indo-European language. Specifically, the aim of this paper is to investigate the basic motion verbs go and come in Vedic. The deictic component of PATH has often been considered as inherent to the lexical semantics of these verbs cross-linguistically. However, I will show that Vedic i “go”, gā “go; come; step” and gam “go; come” express a deictically-neutral meaning of ‘moving along a path’, which is not characterized with regard to both MANNER and PATH. Data suggest that these verbs can take on a deictic interpretation by cooccurring with specific particles, adverbs, demonstratives, and personal pronouns. Syntactic and discourse analysis of the Rigveda shows that motion verbs occurring in the same syntactic context are selected depending on their inherent lexical aspect (Aktionsart). Telic verbs gā and gam turn out to be intrinsically compatible with the entailment of arrival of the FIGURE to the GROUND, whereas the atelic verb i is used when the prominent information is PATH rather than GOAL of movement.

Published
2016

29. The Evolution of Human Chromosome 7 Syntenies in Eutheria, with Special Attention to Primates

Author

D. Romagno, Luca Sineo, ROMAGNO D, and SINEO L

Subjects
Chromosome 7 (human), Genetics, Evolution, Human chromosome 7, Mammals, Primates, Syntenies, Autosome, biology, Breakpoint, Chromosome, Locus (genetics), Settore BIO/08 - Antropologia, biology.organism_classification, Molecular cytogenetics, Eutheria, Evolutionary biology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Synteny
Abstract

Genetic and cytogenetic comparison in between man and non-human primates has largely contributed to the knowledge of the evolution of the Order Primates, and in particular of man. Recently, the "Chromosome painting" approach indicated a strong conservation of syntenies in Eutheria. At present, a more precise identification of breakpoints and evolutionary related rearrangements can be obtained by BAC and locus specific in situ hybridi- sation. In spite to this situation the evolutionary history of different human autosomes remains a dilemma; at the same time, high resolution banded chromosome analysis confirms to be a valuable tool for the preliminary detection of fine rearrangements. This review critically describes current information concerning the evolution of human chro- mosome 7 orthologous in several Eutherian groups. Included in this analysis are data on species belonging to 11 or- ders. Nevertheless, this study has been mainly focused on Primates were we considered data from 9 species of Prosimians, 25 species of Platirrhinae, and 51 species of Catarrhinae. Chromosome 7 synteny appeared in a mamma- lian ancestor in a dual form, generally described as 7a and 7b forms. These chromosomes underwent to several line- specific rearrangements in the different orders. A particular complexity in chromosome rearrangements has been highlighted in Primates. A chronologically fossil-tuned dynamic of the synteny is proposed, starting from classical and molecular cytogenetics specific landmarks which appeared throughout evolution.

Published
2004
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30. Evolution of the Human chromosome 7: new information from the mapping of William-Breuren locus on non human primates chromosomes

Author

Luca Sineo, D. Romagno, Brunetto Chiarelli, ROMAGNO D, CHIARELLI B, and SINEO L

Subjects
Chromosome 7 (human), Genetics, Chromosome 7, Chromosome mapping, FISH, Williams Syndrome, Non-human Primates, Evolution, Autosome, Chromosome, Locus (genetics), Biology, Settore BIO/08 - Antropologia, Pongo pygmaeus, Chromosome regions, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Chromosome 21, Chromosomal inversion
Abstract

Human chromosome 7 (HSA7) derives, by a pericentric inversion and a paracentric inversion, from an ancestral chromosome homologous to chromosome 10 of Pongo pygmaeus (the Asiatic Orang-Utan). Nevertheless the genesis of this autosome during primates evolution is not clear. Even if chromosome painting shows that HAS 7 synteny is highly conserved, GTG-banding comparison in Hominoidea and Cercopithecoidea indicates the probable occurrence of complex rearrangements during the evolution. In this study we used a single locus FISH approach, a powerful tool to detect fine rearrangements, in order to investigate the evolution of HAS 7. We report the chromosome mapping of Williams-Beuren syndrome locus (WS - HSA 7q11.23) on Macaca fascicularis (MFA), Cercopithecus (Chlorocebus) aethiops (CAE) and Trachypithecus cristatus (TCR) (Cercopithecoidea, Primates). The probe hybridises on all species tested and demonstrates the occurrence of rearrangements like fusion, fission and pericentric plus paracentric inversions respectively in MFA, CAE and TCR. Together with the first chromosome mapping of WS locus in Cercopithecoidea, this study confirms that single locus mapping is a very efficacious tool for the analysis of chromosomal rearrangements as it gave the opportunity to have a fine molecular confirmation to proposed banding patterns homologies.

Published
2004

31. Clinical relevance of serum non-organ-specific antibodies in patients with HCV infection receiving direct-acting antiviral therapy.

Author

Shahini E, Iannone A, Romagno D, Armandi A, Carparelli S, Principi M, Viggiani MT, Ierardi E, Di Leo A, and Barone M

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Female, Hepatitis C, Chronic diagnosis, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Autoantibodies blood, Hepacivirus drug effects, Hepatitis C, Chronic blood, Hepatitis C, Chronic drug therapy
Abstract

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with production of different serum non-organ-specific antibodies (NOSA) and risk for developing autoimmune disorders. The clinical significance of these phenomena is not fully understood., Aim: To assess non-organ-specific antibodies before and 24 weeks after the end of therapy with direct-acting antivirals in patients with HCV-related infection, to better clarify the clinical relevance of these antibodies in terms of treatment response and prognostic value., Methods: Patients enrolled (191) were considered non-organ-specific antibody-positive for titres ≥1:40 on at least two determinations before treatment., Results: At baseline, 46 patients were positive and 145 were negative for autoantibodies. The prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis was significantly higher in non-organ-specific antibody-positive group than non-organ-specific antibody-negative group (P = 0.02). HCV-RNA 24 weeks after the end of antiviral therapy was 100% negative in patients with antibodies positivity and 98.6% in antibody-negative patients (P = 1.0). In the former group, autoantibodies disappeared in 30 of 46 patients (65.2%). On multivariate analysis, non-organ-specific antibody-negativity was significantly reduced in patients with hepatic hilar lymphadenopathy (OR = 0.17; 95% CI 0.02-0.94, P = 0.04). None of the adverse events occurring during antiviral therapy was related to autoimmune disorders., Conclusions: Hepatitis C virus clearance frequently reduces non-organ-specific antibody positivity suggesting that they represent an epiphenomenon of the viral infection. However, in patients who did not become negative, long-term monitoring would establish whether they could hide an underlying process that may progress into a clear autoimmune or rheumatologic disease. (Trial registration number: NCT03566966)., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2018
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32. Microdeletion 15q26.2qter and Microduplication 18q23 in a Patient with Prader-Willi-Like Syndrome: Clinical Findings.

Author

Dello Russo P, Demori E, Sechi A, Passon N, Romagno D, Gnan C, Zoratti R, and Damante G

Subjects
Adult, Child, Preschool, Chromosome Banding, Comparative Genomic Hybridization, Female, Humans, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Infant, Male, Maternal Age, Phenotype, Prader-Willi Syndrome physiopathology, Young Adult, Chromosome Deletion, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 genetics, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 genetics, Gene Duplication genetics, Prader-Willi Syndrome genetics, Translocation, Genetic genetics
Abstract

The small interstitial deletion in the long arm of chromosome 15 causing Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome is well known, whereas cases that report terminal deletions in 15q in association with the Prader-Willi-like phenotype are very rare. By using GTG-banding analysis, metaphase FISH, MLPA analysis, and genome-wide array CGH, we detected an unbalanced translocation involving a microdeletion of the distal part of 15q and a microduplication of the distal part of 18q. The unbalanced translocation was found in a boy that was referred with clinical suspicion of Prader-Willi syndrome. In the 15q-deleted region, 23 genes have been identified, and 13 of them are included in the OMIM database. Among these, the deleted IGFR1, MEF2A, CHSY1, and TM2D3 genes could contribute to the patient's phenotype. Seven genes are included in the duplicated chromosome segment 18q, but only one (CTDP1) is present in the OMIM database. We suggest that the deleted chromosome segment 15q26.2qter may be responsible for the phenotype of our case and may also be a candidate locus of Prader-Willi-like syndrome., (© 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Published
2016
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33. Where the brain appreciates the final state of an event: the neural correlates of telicity.

Author

Romagno D, Rota G, Ricciardi E, and Pietrini P

Subjects
Brain Mapping, Comprehension physiology, Dominance, Cerebral physiology, Humans, Image Enhancement, Oxygen blood, Reaction Time physiology, Temporal Lobe physiology, Cerebral Cortex physiology, Concept Formation physiology, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Reading, Semantics
Abstract

In this study we investigated whether the human brain distinguishes between telic events that necessarily entail a specified endpoint (e.g., reaching), and atelic events with no delimitation or final state (e.g., chasing). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the patterns of neural response associated with verbs denoting telic and atelic events, and found that the left posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG), an area consistently engaged by verb processing tasks, showed a significantly higher activation for telic compared with atelic verbs. These results provide the first evidence that the human brain appreciates whether events lead to an end or a change of state. Moreover, they provide an explanation for the long-debated question of which verb properties modulate neural activity in the left pMTG, as they indicate that, independently of any other semantic property, verb processing and event knowledge in this area are specifically related to the representation of telicity., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2012
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34. Independent representations of verbs and actions in left lateral temporal cortex.

Author

Peelen MV, Romagno D, and Caramazza A

Subjects
Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Young Adult, Language Tests, Memory physiology, Photic Stimulation methods, Reading, Temporal Lobe physiology
Abstract

Verbs and nouns differ not only on formal linguistic grounds but also in what they typically refer to: Verbs typically refer to actions, whereas nouns typically refer to objects. Prior neuroimaging studies have revealed that regions in the left lateral temporal cortex (LTC), including the left posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG), respond selectively to action verbs relative to object nouns. Other studies have implicated the left pMTG in action knowledge, raising the possibility that verb selectivity in LTC may primarily reflect action-specific semantic features. Here, using functional neuroimaging, we test this hypothesis. Participants performed a simple memory task on visually presented verbs and nouns that described either events (e.g., "he eats" and "the conversation") or states (e.g., "he exists" and "the value"). Verb-selective regions in the left pMTG and the left STS were defined in individual participants by an independent localizer contrast between action verbs and object nouns. Both regions showed equally strong selectivity for event and state verbs relative to semantically matched nouns. The left STS responded more to states than events, whereas there was no difference between states and events in the left pMTG. Finally, whole-brain group analysis revealed that action verbs, relative to state verbs, activated a cluster in pMTG that was located posterior to the verb-selective pMTG clusters. Together, these results indicate that verb selectivity in LTC is independent of action representations. We consider other differences between verbs and nouns that may underlie verb selectivity in LTC, including the verb property of predication.

Published
2012
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35. Chromosome mapping of Miller-Diecker, Smith-Magenis and RARA loci in non-human primates: implications in the evolution of human chromosome 17.

Author

Sineo L, Romagno D, Guarducci S, Lapini M, Giovannucci-Uzielli ML, and Chiarelli B

Subjects
Animals, Biological Evolution, Chlorocebus aethiops genetics, Humans, Macaca fascicularis genetics, Synteny, Translocation, Genetic, Abnormalities, Multiple genetics, Chromosome Mapping, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17, Hominidae genetics
Abstract

Molecular cytogenetics allows to verify chromosomal homologies previously hypothesised on the base of banding pattern comparison in different species. So far only the chromosome painting technique has been extensively used in studies of chromosomal evolution. This technique allows to detect only interchromosomal rearrangements. Human and Great Apes chromosomes basically differ by intrachromosomal rearrangements, in particular inversions; with chromosome painting it has just been possible to confirm the origin by fusion of human chromosome 2 and a reciprocal translocation in Gorilla, involving the homologous of chromosome 5 and 17. In order to verify intrachromosomal rearrangements in human chromosomal evolution, chromosome mapping of human loci in non-human primates is a useful approach. We mapped Miller-Diecker, Smith-Magenis and RARA loci localised on human chromosome 17, in Gorilla gorilla, Pongo pygmaeus, Macaca fascicularis and Cercopithecus aethiops. On the base of the obtained results it was possible to verify chromosomal rearrangements previously identified by banding, to achieve new informations about the controversial evolution of human chromosome 17, and to detect the occurrence of a paracentric inversion in the homologous in Cercopithecus aethiops.

Published
2002
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36. Chromosome mapping of GABRB3 and PML loci in macaca and cercopithecus indicates the mechanism of evolution of human chromosome 15.

Author

Romagno D, Chiarelli B, Guarducci S, Uzielli ML, and Sineo L

Subjects
Animals, Cercopithecus genetics, Chromosome Painting, Humans, Macaca genetics, Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Neoplasm Proteins genetics, Nuclear Proteins, Physical Chromosome Mapping, Receptors, GABA genetics, Transcription Factors genetics
Published
2000
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37. Flow cytometry DNA content and morphobiological characteristics in chronic and neoplastic human liver disease.

Author

Paradiso A, Barletta A, Prete F, Pellecchia A, Romagno D, Lucchese G, Benvestito V, Zito FA, Russo S, and De Lena M

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aneuploidy, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular chemistry, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular pathology, Cell Nucleus pathology, Chronic Disease, Female, Flow Cytometry, Hepatitis, Chronic metabolism, Hepatitis, Chronic pathology, Humans, Liver pathology, Liver Cirrhosis metabolism, Liver Cirrhosis pathology, Liver Diseases pathology, Liver Neoplasms pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Ploidies, Regression Analysis, DNA analysis, DNA, Neoplasm analysis, Liver chemistry, Liver Diseases metabolism, Liver Neoplasms chemistry
Abstract

In the search for parameters that can indicate changes in the behaviour of liver tissue from normal to chronic to neoplastic disease, DNA content by FCM (ploidy and percent of 4N cells) and morphobiological characteristics were investigated in fresh liver specimens of 16 patients with normal liver, 21 with persistent hepatitis (CPH), 23 with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), 17 with cirrhosis, and 13 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aneuploidy was mostly found in HCC specimens (54%), whereas the percentage of 4N peak decreased in chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis patients but increased to 11.09% in HCC samples (r = -0.02; p = 0.05). Finally, the binuclearity rate decreased gradually from normal to flogistic to HCC specimens. The 4N peak and the binuclearity rate were closely correlated in non-HCC (p = 0.0006, by T-test) but not in HCC samples. Only DNA ploidy and the binuclearity rate have been confirmed as being significantly and independently related to the histology of liver tissue by multivariate regression analysis.

Published
1995

38. [Can alpha-interferon exacerbate a case of mixed cryoglobulinemia?].

Author

Romagno D, Dicillo M, Lucchese G, Cecere O, and Mongelli A

Subjects
Acute Disease, Chronic Disease, Cryoglobulinemia complications, Cytokines immunology, Female, Hepatitis C complications, Hepatitis C diagnosis, Humans, Immunoblotting, Immunoglobulins, Interferon-alpha therapeutic use, Middle Aged, Cryoglobulinemia chemically induced, Hepatitis C drug therapy, Interferon-alpha adverse effects
Abstract

We describe a case of exacerbated mixed cryoglobulinemia in a patient previously treated with alpha-interferon, for chronic active hepatitis. The possible pathogenesis of this exacerbated mixed cryoglobulinemia and the relationship between cytokines, hepatitis viral infections and immune reactions is discussed.

Published
1992

39. [Effects of thymopentin and recombinant interferon alpha 2A on the biochemiluminescence of neutrophil granulocytes in subjects with HIV infections].

Author

Latorre A, Romagno D, Palumbo A, and Dammacco F

Subjects
AIDS-Related Complex immunology, Adult, Female, Granulocytes physiopathology, Humans, Male, Thymopentin, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome immunology, Granulocytes drug effects, Interferon Type I pharmacology, Luminescent Measurements, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Thymopoietins pharmacology, Thymus Hormones pharmacology
Published
1987

40. [Immunological deficiency syndromes, immunosuppression by drugs and occurrence of neoplasms: a casual association?].

Author

Dammacco F, Iodice G, Romagno D, and Campobasso N

Subjects
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell chemically induced, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell immunology, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic immunology, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents adverse effects, Leukemia chemically induced, Leukemia immunology, Lymphoma chemically induced, Lymphoma immunology, Neoplasms chemically induced, Transplantation Immunology, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes chemically induced, Neoplasms immunology
Abstract

Although supported by a number of experimental models, the assumption assigning a crucial role to the immune system in the antineoplastic defense mechanisms has not been convincingly demonstrated so far for human tumors. Should the theory be correct, severe functional impairment of the immune system would obviously result in the occurrence of tumors with abnormally high frequency. Registry holdings systematically collecting pertinent information on the malignancies developed in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases or in organ transplant recipients maintained on therapeutically-induced immune depression, as well as the observation of tumors occurring in patients treated with immunosuppressive agents and of second malignancies arising after radio- and/or chemotherapy of the primary tumor consistently indicate that depressed immunity is usually associated with an increased incidence of cancer as compared with that expected in the general control populations. However, not all types of tumors are increased to the same extent, in that lymphoreticular neoplasias (especially non-Hodgkin's lymphomas), acute leukemias as second tumors and, among solid neoplasms, squamous cell carcinomas are those most frequently reported. These observations suggest that even deeply impaired tumoricidal immune mechanisms may facilitate the growth of certain tumors only, especially of those arising from the cells of the immune system itself, in remarkable contrast with their frequency in the general population. Oncogenesis may be favoured in various states of depressed immunity by a number of ways. Their elucidation might have bearing on the comprehension of the more general phenomenon of the neoplastic transformation.

Published
1985

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