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Background: Within Europe, Roma, Gypsy, and Traveller groups have been marginalized and discriminated against by larger society. Persecution and displacement have resulted in high rates of unemployment, reduced access to education, and poorer health, with significantly increased risk of poverty compared with the general population. In pregnancy, there appears to be a gap in the literature surrounding the experiences and outcomes of pregnant people within these ethnic groups. Objectives: The aim of this study was therefore to scope published research, specifically questioning "What is the experience of Roma Gypsy and Traveller pregnant people who access maternity care?" and "What are the obstetric outcomes within these groups?" Search Strategy: This review followed frameworks proposed by Arksey and O'Malley, Levac, and the Joanna Brigg's Institute. The PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) tool was used. The search strategy and specific terms were chosen using the population–concepts–context framework. Selection Criteria: Titles and abstracts were reviewed independently by two reviewers. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined to set clear guidance for reviewers to identify appropriate studies. Data Collection and Analysis: Five electronic databases were searched (CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE [OVID] Web of Science and SCOPUS). A charting form was developed to record key characteristics systematically and uniformly from the studies. Main Results: Five themes were identified: systemic issues, antenatal care, complications of pregnancy, birth experience, and postnatal care. Systemic issues included racism, barriers to care, and adapted antenatal care. Antenatal issues included teenage pregnancy, smoking, risk of venous thrombus embolism, dietary issues, risk of communicable diseases, domestic violence, and mental health concerns. Increased risks of congenital abnormalities, growth restriction, premature labor, and perinatal and early childhood mortality were identified. For Roma women, negative birth experiences were reported, whereas the experiences of Traveller women varied. Conclusions: The findings identified in this study serve to create a framework upon which healthcare providers can tailor the way in which pregnant people from a Roma, Gypsy, or Irish Traveller background are cared for. Using such a framework would hopefully begin to reduce the systematic marginalization and discrimination of these minorities. Synopsis: Gypsy, Roma, and Traveller pregnant people suffer poor outcomes in pregnancy. The true extent of this is not known as they are underrepresented in research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term hotbed of vulnerability (or HoV) has recently been used to describe growing inequalities and the increased exposure of marginalized spaces to climate change impacts. What has been less addressed so far is how HoVs are the result of intersecting social processes (marginalization, informality and invisibilization) that expel racialized populations from the space of safe habitation and subject them, via territorial stigmatization and relegation, to the foreseeable impacts of climate change. HoVs emerge as the extreme outcome of the processes mentioned above, through which the concentration of multiple sources of vulnerability coalesces in one location and shapes the exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity of marginalized families. This paper uses quantitative and qualitative data to flesh out the characteristics of HoVs, first by means of a survey in 96 segregated Roma communities in Romania and, second, using an extended case study of Dăroaia, a Roma community in the Apuseni Mountains affected by floods in July 2021. Our results indicate that there are indeed synergistic effects that occur in HoVs and that these cannot be addressed only by technical means but require instead a comprehensive consideration of their social roots. Continued marginalization, informality, and invisibilization all interact to reproduce HoVs, thereby deepening their vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Roma population—with a unique history marked by migration, settlement issues, and ongoing resilience—has always faced significant social marginalization and has often been subjected to forced migration. Despite being one of the largest and most diverse ethnic groups in Europe, Roma continue to face systemic discrimination and social exclusion, leading to poor outcomes in education, employment, health, and housing. This article analyses the migration pathways, settlement experiences, and persistent obstacles faced by Roma. We argue that removing historical and systemic barriers to create a more equitable and welcoming environment for the Roma community is their right. The resilience of the Roma community in the face of adversity is a testament to their cultural strength and adaptability. This research aims to document these aspects and thus provide a basis for policies that promote social inclusion, equality, and respect for cultural diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates contemporary expressions of racism toward Roma in the context of growing populism in the UK. We focus on how and why Romaphobia becomes widespread in times of socio-political crises, especially during the 2016 referendum when the UK voted to leave the European Union. Drawing on content analysis and Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis, we provide an in-depth account of how Roma migrants have been represented in two British newspapers during the 2016 so-called "Brexit" Referendum campaign and subsequent vote. The textual and visual analysis demonstrates how racist tropes about Roma identity and culture are embedded into populist rhetoric, often taking subtle forms of expression, yet simultaneously manage to avoid accusations of racism. We argue that the scapegoating and demonisation of Roma migrants in the media contributed to shaping negative attitudes towards Eastern European immigrants and by proxy, to the EU. This plays out in a context of rising nativism and populism where Roma communities come to embody the perceived ills of the European integration project and are regarded as a threat to the fabric of the British nation. We draw attention to the danger of these representations which condemn an already vulnerable community to further socio-economic exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

States should establish in their legislations protective mechanisms which, on the one hand, guarantee the realisation of the rights of the majority and, on the other hand, ensure respect for the traditions, culture and customs of national and ethnic minorities. In Poland there are such guarantees that ensure that minorities can live in accordance with their own traditions and customs, also at the highest normative level. In addition to the legal sphere, one should not forget the equally important sphere of social life, which for some people is even more important. The issue of early marriage in the Roma community is an exemplification of the problem that can be caused by the interference of subject law norms with the centuries-old traditions and customs of a particular national or ethnic group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El presente estudio explica la cabecera de la iglesia de la cofradía de Nostra Dona de Montserrat de Roma (1518-1522), proyectada por Antonio da Sangallo el Joven. A partir del análisis de los disegni de Antonio Cordini y de la planta actual, de pruebas documentales extraídas del Llibre de la fàbrica y de la observación de los restos materiales, se actualiza y amplía el conocimiento sobre la planta y sobre los trabajos realizados en travertino por los maestros scalpellini Bindo y Melchiore. Se reconstruye su localización, su cronología, su precio y sus características, y se proporcionan algunas posibles identificaciones. También se reflexiona sobre la importancia otorgada por este arquitecto al orden arquitectónico y a las interrelaciones numéricas.

El presente estudio propone un análisis del estado de la cuestión sobre la investigación de la red viaria romana en Galicia. La comprensión de las fuentes clásicas junto a los trabajos publicados desde finales del s. XIX, nos permitirán disponer de una visión global de cómo ha sido la evolución de esta rama de investigación a nivel hispano. Nos interesa en particular, la Gallaecia romana, y más en concreto, la Galicia actual. Se dedicará especial interés a los procesos metodológicos y tendencias historiográficas en la investigación del caso viario.

Abstract Background The ‘Taking the screening tests close to the people’ program offers cardiovascular screening to the inhabitants of underprivileged settlements. This study aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular risk factors of underprivileged populations, including individuals who described themselves as belonging to the Roma population. Methods During the program, we collected information about demographic features, lifestyle and current illnesses. A general health assessment (body weight, height, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose) and cardiovascular examination were performed. We analysed data on both Roma and non-Roma groups and used Pearson’s chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression models to analyse the factors that contribute to the onset of comorbidities, with a special focus on ethnicity. Results Data from 6211 participants were processed. Based on self-reports, the non-Roma population consisted of 5352 respondents (1364 men (25.5%) and 3988 women (74.5%)), and the Roma population comprised 859 respondents (200 men (23.3%) and 659 women (76.7%)). A total of 91.2% (4849) of the non-Roma population and 92.5% (788) of the Roma population exercised less than 3 h per week (p

Poor sanitation may be associated with growth faltering, but empirical evidence on the association between household sanitation infrastructure and child nutrition has been mixed. This article assessed whether sanitation infrastructure is associated with growth penalties for Roma children.

Demons-Meigs syndrome is a very rare entity. It combines a benign ovarian “fibroma-like” tumor with ascites and hydrothorax. The notion of benignancy is the key point. CA-125 levels are most of the time normal, but high levels can be observed in rare cases which makes it difficult to have a diagnostic. We present here the case of a 43-year-old female patient who presented with abdominopelvic pain. Imaging discovered a 30 cm large intraabdominal mass with ascites and bilateral pleural effusion. Surgical resection of the tumor was performed, and pathology identified an ovarian fibroma. No postintervention complications were observed, with resorption of the ascites and hydrothorax.

Antik Dönem’de Mysia Bölgesi sınırları içerisinde yer alan Kyzikos günümüzde Balıkesir ili Erdek ilçesinin Düzler Mahallesi’nde yer almaktadır. Kent, Miletoslular tarafından ilk MÖ 756’da ikinci kez de MÖ 679 yılında kurulmuştur. Kyzikos kazılarının 2022 yılı sezonu Nekropolis ve Hadrianus Tapınağı’nda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kazılarda seramikler, sikkeler, terracotta figürünler ve çeşitli arkeolojik küçük buluntular ele geçmiştir. Nekropolis’de ele geçen eserler arasında sikkeler sayıca diğer eserlerden fazladır. Sikkeler mezarların yanı sıra her iki açmada dağınık olarak ele geçmiştir. Nekropolis’de toplamda 54 sikke ile bulunmuştur. Bu sikkelerin 43’ü teşhis edilmiş geri kalan 11 sikke yoğun korozyonlu hallerinden dolayı teşhis edilememiştir. Tanımlanan 43 sikkeden 1’i Roma eyalet sikkesi, 23 Roma İmparatorluk ve 19’u Bizans sikkesidir. İmparatoru ve darphanesi tespit edilemeyen sikkeler arka yüz tiplerinden yola çıkarak dönemsel olarak tarihlendirilmiştir. Roma eyalet sikkesi çalışmada incelenen sikkelerin en erken tarihlisidir. Roma İmparatorluk sikkeleri 8 farklı imparatora aittir. Bizans sikkelerinin geneli Erken Bizans Dönemi’ne ait olup imparatoru tespit edilen sikkeler 3 imparatoru temsil etmektedir. Darphanesi tespit edilen sikkeler 7 farklı darphanede darp edilmiştir. Aynı zaman incelediğimiz sikkeler alanda ele geçen diğer buluntularında yayınlanmasıyla nekropolis’in kullanım dönemlerinin belirlenmesinde önemli rol oynayacaktır.

The study of short-term memory and language learning conducted with primary school Roma children in Cyprus aimed to determine how children who grow up in economically disadvantaged families learn their mother tongue (L1) Turkish and their second language (L2) Cypriot Greek. Two groups of children (20 children aged 8 and 20 children aged 10), a total of 40, were tested with the Picture short-term memory test, the Peabody vocabulary test, the sentence repetition test and the number repetition test. The study seeks to answer the research question: "How does the short-term memory test help Roma children to perform the tests in their L1 and L2?" The research findings were statistically analysed with SPSS and ANOVA and showed correlations between the independent factors of age group, gender, and testing language. The result showed that the children performed the tests much better in their mother tongue (L1). They need help learning some of the grammatical categories from the Greek language. The Processability Theory of Pienemann (1998) is examined. According to this theory, the production of linguistic structures is possible without any conscious or non-conscious attention because the locus of the attentive process is short-term memory. For the children to attain the necessary academic level of Greek, the teachers working with Roma children should receive training to develop children's bilingualism when instructing children growing up in a multilingual environment such as Cypriot society. Disclosure Statement The authors reported no potential conflicts of interest. * Corresponding author: Hristo Kyuchukov, 0000-0002-1965-8908hristo.kyuchukov@us.edu.pl

In Romania, one of the countries with the largest Roma community in Europe, the gap between the majority population and the Roma minority continues to be wide. The paper explores whether there is a sustainability of traditional Roma occupations and crafts or whether we are witnessing a continuous occupational dynamic. The objective of the research is to identify the patterns of traditional and non-traditional economic activities practised in Roma communities in two cities: Timişoara and Cluj-Napoca. The research hypothesis investigates whether there is a wide range of economic activities in analyzed Roma communities, where traditional activities tend to have a negligible share and dynamics compared to non-traditional ones. Also, we analyze whether traditional activities remain relevant in Roma communities and whether they represent a significant occupational resource in the case of external migration. The following statistical hypotheses are presented: there are significant differences between members of Roma communities in Timisoara and Cluj-Napoca. These are observed in the choice of practising non-traditional-traditional economic activities in the country. There are significant differences between members of Roma communities in Timisoara and Cluj-Napoca in the practice of traditional versus non-traditional occupations according to ethnic subgroup membership.

Abstract Neither ἰατρίνη nor μαῖα: the «special» knowledge of the iatromaea/ἰατρόμαια Especially in the last thirty years both the ἰατρίναι/medicae and the μαῖαι/obstetrices have received particular attention from scholars both for a more precise framing of these female «professions» within activities that are not exclusively manual but also intellectual, and in order to reconstruct the legal status, the possibilities of social affirmation and the opportunities of economic income of these two specific professional profiles. The subject of analysis here is a figure in its own right, that of the iatromaea/ἰατρόμαια, a term attested by very rare epigraphic mentions in Latin and Greek, absent from the databases of papyrus texts and a veritable hapax in literary testimonies. After reviewing the inscriptions that certify the existence of this word and the hypotheses formulated by moderns regarding its possible meaning, the paper attempts to trace the professional profile of this specialist, identifying, through a comparison with the sources, similarities and differences with the other types of therapists and making an interpretative proposal in conclusion regarding the specific knowledge and skills of the iatromaea/ἰατρόμαια.

Childhood undernutrition affects both physical and cognitive growth and is strongly associated with morbidity and mortality. United Nations’ pledge to ‘leave no one behind’ requires prioritizing policies that address inequalities and reach the most marginalized communities. Yet, undernutrition among Roma children is widely higher than that among children of the majority of the population, particularly in the Western Balkans. In light of this, we explore the determinants of the gap in undernutrition among Roma and non-Roma children in four Western Balkan countries, using several rounds of Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys data. In the countries considered in this study, the prevalence of undernutrition among Roma children is nearly three times higher than that among non-Roma children. Even after controlling for key socioeconomic and demographic factors, Roma children remain particularly vulnerable to undernutrition. While the probability of stunting decreases in the non-Roma population as age progresses, it remains persistently high at all ages among Roma children. Our findings provide valuable insights for policymakers seeking to develop effective interventions to address the issue of undernutrition among marginalized communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The 'Taking the screening tests close to the people' program offers cardiovascular screening to the inhabitants of underprivileged settlements. This study aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular risk factors of underprivileged populations, including individuals who described themselves as belonging to the Roma population. Methods: During the program, we collected information about demographic features, lifestyle and current illnesses. A general health assessment (body weight, height, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose) and cardiovascular examination were performed. We analysed data on both Roma and non-Roma groups and used Pearson's chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression models to analyse the factors that contribute to the onset of comorbidities, with a special focus on ethnicity. Results: Data from 6211 participants were processed. Based on self-reports, the non-Roma population consisted of 5352 respondents (1364 men (25.5%) and 3988 women (74.5%)), and the Roma population comprised 859 respondents (200 men (23.3%) and 659 women (76.7%)). A total of 91.2% (4849) of the non-Roma population and 92.5% (788) of the Roma population exercised less than 3 h per week (p < 0.001). Of the non-Roma population, 71.7% (3512) had a body mass index above 25 kg/m2, while the corresponding figure was 72.4% (609) in the Roma population (p = 0.709). The median body mass index was 28.0 (24.6–31.9) in the non-Roma population and 28.8 (24.5–33.0) in the Roma population (p < 0.001). The prevalence of active smokers was 28.7% (1531) in the non-Roma population and 60.3% (516) in the Roma population (p < 0.001). The prevalence of hypertension was 54.9% (2824) in the non-Roma population and 49.8% (412) in the Roma population (p < 0.001). The prevalence of diabetes was 11.5% (95) in the Roma population and 12.2% (619) in the non-Roma population (p < 0.001). Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, a lack of physical activity and an remarkably high smoking rate in the studied underprivileged population. Both type 2 diabetes and hypertension were more common among people living in underprivileged settlements than in the general Hungarian population. People living in underprivileged settlements need more attention in primary care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines a case of urban displacement and its impact on the local Roma community by uncovering the discursive strategies of the local governments and the tactical responses of the local people. Based on two-year-long ethnographic research, this study aims to understand the intricate dynamics of the counter-cultural production of the Roma people as a response to gentrification policies of local governments. The rapid rise of the rent value of land has motivated the capital class to force an exile strategy on Roma and accelerated existing segregation policies. During this time, some discursive strategies to manufacture public consent about the gentrification have circulated to change the representation of the Roma identity, replacing their imagery in mainstream society by mainly signifying them as the undeserving poor. This research aims to understand how strategic discourses and actions have positioned Roma in the societal and cultural sphere and in response, how everyday tactics of the Roma engenders counter-cultural forms through intercultural communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines persistent racism, despite its formal denial, through an interdisciplinary approach that combines critical race theories, whiteness study and social psychology. It questions whether the analytical and empirical distinction between different forms of prejudice—despite their coexistence—can yield positive outcomes in the fight against racism. Considering the case of the Roma community in Italy, specifically within the universalistic approach of the Italian school system, the level of prejudice was measured in a sample of 305 middle school teachers. The main findings confirm the persistence of blatant prejudice concealed beneath a veneer of subtle racism and reveal that an educational institution's rhetorical commitment to democracy may not substantially impact the behavior of democratic teachers when interacting with Roma individuals. The systemic inequalities ingrained within the education system are reminiscent of colonial times, where practices that once suppressed the potential of Africans are now used against Italian Roma citizens. This article finally suggests how teacher training might be improved to reduce racism, based on the different profiles of prejudicial attitudes detected among teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of microaggressions alerts us how majority group members' everyday behaviour can impact minorities negatively. Recently, some researchers have questioned the criteria for identifying microaggressions and rejected the concept's utility. We maintain that attending to minorities' everyday experiences is important and illustrate this through a three‐phase study with Roma in Hungary. First, we conducted interviews exploring their everyday interactional experiences (Phase 1, N = 17); second, Roma participants filmed (naturally occurring) interactions with majority group members (Phase 2, N = 10); third, we showed such filmed interactions to Roma focus groups and recorded their discussions (Phase 3, N = 28). Analysing these discussions, we focused on how the experience of surveillance when shopping (even when manifested in apparently helpful attention from shop assistants) impacted participants in ways that majority group members likely have little awareness of. Specifically, participants reported their need to (a) reflect on (and manage) their emotional reactions; (b) weigh a variety of strategic considerations as to how to respond; and (c) engage in in‐the‐moment interpretation as to the nature of the interaction. Such experiences negatively impact the use of public space and illustrate the value of adopting the minority's vantage point concerning the identification of microaggressive treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Soprintendenza Speciale di Roma is developing a new application to set up a 'Map of the Archaeological Potential of Rome' within the SITAR platform. The research group is developing a solid system for the Rome Archaeological Potential Map, which is based on the great documentary heritage included in the system, i.e. 25,000 archaeological partitions and over 10,000 cores collected and processed. With a view to a participatory philosophy, this tool will be implemented through the input of data entered by individual users of the platform. The final elaboration will soon be available on the SITAR webgis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using secondary research from the political, education, and employment fields, this paper aims to demonstrate the consequences of confused and overlapping conceptualizations of the Roma in Hungary as an ethnic group, a racialized minority, a national minority, and a socially disadvantaged group. The resulting cacophony of operationalizing schemes blurs clarity and constrains efficient measures for inclusion policies. In social sciences and law, the purpose of classification is to help us understand the internal logic of concepts. Thus, classification has significant consequences, as it can imperil policy goals. Through examining the case of the Hungarian Roma, the article demonstrates how the confused conceptualization of ethnicity, race, and nationality and ill-applied methods of operationalization have vastly detrimental consequences. In addition, it is argued that many concerns regarding ethnic data processing that policy actors voice are legally unfounded, and pre-existing data protection regimes allow the processing of ethno-racial data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Discrimination against Roma individuals is a prevalent issue across Europe, presenting significant socio‐economic challenges. Spain, holding the highest concentration of Roma in Western Europe, serves as a focal point for investigating such disparities. Objectives: This study aims to explore the wage gap between the Roma and non‐Roma populations in Spain, assessing the extent to which this disparity may be attributed to potential discriminatory practices. The objective is to provide a detailed analysis of wage inequalities to inform more effective anti‐discrimination policies. Methods: The analysis utilizes data from the 2018 Survey on Social Integration and Social Needs, employing statistical and econometric techniques. This approach helps in quantifying the wage gap and in examining the factors contributing to the observed disparities between the two groups. Results: The findings indicate a substantial wage gap between the Roma and non‐Roma populations. Approximately 43.5 percent of the wage difference remains unexplained by the standard variables included in the econometric model, suggesting that factors beyond educational and professional qualifications might contribute to these inequalities. Conclusion: The significant unexplained portion of the wage gap likely points to the existence of ethnic discrimination by employers. This study underscores the urgent need for nuanced, targeted anti‐discrimination interventions specifically designed for the Roma community in Spain. The results advocate for policy adjustments that address these disparities at their core, ensuring equity and social integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While the expansion of higher education increases access to higher qualifications, students from disadvantaged backgrounds are at an increased risk of dropping out. Research shows that student progression is more successful in inclusive higher education environments. The study focuses on the promotion of opportunities for Roma in higher education, contributing to the international discourse on this issue. A Hungarian higher education organization supporting young Roma people and students of socially disadvantaged backgrounds is presented, relying on the experiences of young people who have been members of this community over the past twenty years. The question is whether and how the inclusive characteristics of the organization are reflected in the recollections of our interviewees (N = 50) about the student society. The narrative content analysis of the interviews shows that the former students' entry into and time spent in the student society was embedded in a strong (peer and tutorial) social network, which framed and amplified the mentioned inclusive elements and forms of support of the organization. The inclusive approach and practices of the student society community played a key role in the mobility of Roma youth during their university years and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we will discuss a mediator – the criollo Jesuit procurator Alonso de Ovalle – and his movements between the Americas, Spain and Rome in the second half of the 17th century. We will link this mediator to an agent of knowledge and specific networks of knowledge. Thus, the case study we present allows us to examine how a book about Chile that was published in baroque Rome, An Historical Relation of the Kingdom of Chile, opens up possibilities for the procurator’s importance as a mediator and agent of circulation who was able to publicize and describe the vicissitudes of war and peace in a remote corner of the Spanish monarchy to Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

we study the epigraphic documentation generated by those Hispanics who moved to Italy between the 1st century BC and the 5th century AD. To compile this information we have reviewed the CIL indexes relating to Italy and Rome, as well as the data collected in specialised publications and databases, selecting all those inscriptions that have a Hispanic origin. This documentation forms the basis of the corresponding historical study, which analyses the origin and destination centres of these Hispanics, as well as the reasons for their movements. We also study their professions and the activity they carried out in their new places of residence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates processes of spatially ordered marginality of Roma in a former industrial town in Hungary. The analysis focuses on local poverty governance tactics and practices that aim to maintain social and spatial order through the regulation and selective displacement of Roma within the city. These practices of controlling Roma marginality are clear manifestations of the spatialization and racialization of poverty and I argue that spatial containment constitutes a new mode of poverty governance that aims to temper local tensions and cement local power. Moreover, these local policies reflect continuity from socialist era practices in terms of governing Roma marginality through disciplining and displacement. In the present context, EU-funded urban rehabilitation projects represent a vital local resource. While ostensibly targeting social integration, the local government in question has used these resources to promote the mobility of 'deserving' vulnerable groups and control 'undeserving' marginalized Roma through enclosure. Those who are seen as undeserving are racialized and subject to punitive containment while the 'deserving' enjoy material support and a sense of belonging to local society, provided they accept the conditions dictated by local government actors. In this way, the emphasis on individual responsibility masks the structural deficiencies of social housing and related social issues and perpetuates different forms of racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to examine the contribution of features of the five-factor model of personality and the model of right-wing authoritarianism in junior volleyball players and their parents to the prediction of the variance of social distance towards Roma. The pertinent sample of participants consisted of (N = 120) adolescent athletes from the Kolubar district (M age = 14.90, SD = 0.68 years), as well as one parent of each volleyball player (age 37 years ± 4.78). The following measuring instruments were applied: A social distance scale, Big Five Inventory - BFI, and Right-Wing Authoritarianism - RWA scale. The findings of the hierarchical regression analysis, with a statistically significant 21% variance, showed that the authoritarianism of volleyball players is a dominant significant positive predictor (ß = 0.24, p = 0.01) of the criteria of parental social distance. This suggests that as the dimension of authoritarianism increases, individuals report greater social distance. Also, the personality trait extraversion of the fivefactor personality model, with 29% of the variability, proved to be a relevant negative partial predictor (ß = -0.29, p = 0.01), which signals that young athlete with a pronounced lower score on the variable extraversion express worse social distance, that is, they more often see it as a loss. The interaction function of personality traits - the Big Five (extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and agreeableness) is not statistically significant in the prediction of the construct parental social distance and the construct child's social distance, and therefore requires further studies. The results of internal consistency indicate that the used measuring instruments are adequate for future research on the Serbian sample of athletes in adolescence. Finally, methodological limitations in this empirical study are given, its theoretical and practical implications are analyzed, as well as guidelines for further and relational research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Literature & Humanities / Edebiyat ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CEDRUS is the property of Mediterranean Civilisations Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper summarizes the ascriptive aspects of the identification of Roma in North Macedonia. It tends to provide a shorter review of the national movement and ascriptive identity references important for Roma People, as well as it relays upon data from the doctoral dissertation research, “Ethnic minority politics and conflict management: The political participation of Roma in the Republic of North Macedonia” defended on February 1st, 2024, at the Philosophy Faculty in Skopje. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rivista Geografica Italiana is the property of FrancoAngeli srl and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to reveal hidden racist practices within a Turkish public school and explores their perpetuation through daily interactions between teachers and Roma students. As part of an applied research project dedicated to empowering Roma children in the educational setting, the study employs discourse analysis to expose tacit racist discourses circulating within the school. Using participant observation, casual conversations, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions, the research reveals implicit discriminatory practices in classrooms. Teacher interviews expose a prevalent coping mechanism, i.e., denial, which reflects reluctance to acknowledge their role in perpetuating discrimination despite awareness of the structural inequalities faced by Roma students. While comprehending systemic challenges, the adherence of the teachers to themyth of meritocracy fosters cognitive dissonance, which results in a dismissive incomprehension of the realities of and occasional assignment of blame to Roma students. Cultural stereotypes and pseudogenetic explanations function as convenient means of rationalizing existing biases. Navigating cognitive dissonance, teachers frequently redirect their focus toward the behaviors of Roma people due to a sense of helplessness and the influence of the pervasive meritocratic narrative. This dynamic contributes to the perpetuation of institutional racism through the daily discourse of teachers, which inadvertently exacerbates this systemic issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One measure of a scholar's work is how long it continues to be relevant and useful. This article shows how The vanishing hectare and Transylvanian villagers , books written by Katherine Verdery twenty and forty years ago, respectively, help us make sense of contemporary developments in a Bulgarian village. Specifically, the current size and makeup of the population can be understood by examining who has been able to find value in village property, while the shifting political economy has reshaped the ethnic profile of the village. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Infant mortality rates are reliable indices of the child and general population health status and health care delivery. The most critical factors affecting infant mortality are socioeconomic status and ethnicity. The aim of this study was to assess the association between socioeconomic disadvantage, ethnicity, and perinatal, neonatal, and infant mortality in Slovakia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The associations between socioeconomic disadvantage (educational level, long-term unemployment rate), ethnicity (the proportion of the Roma population) and mortality (perinatal, neonatal, and infant) in the period 2017–2022 were explored, using linear regression models. Results The higher proportion of people with only elementary education and long-term unemployed, as well as the higher proportion of the Roma population, increases mortality rates. The proportion of the Roma population had the most significant impact on mortality in the selected period between 2017 and 2022, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022). Conclusions Life in segregated Roma settlements is connected with the accumulation of socioeconomic disadvantage. Persistent inequities between Roma and the majority population in Slovakia exposed by mortality rates in children point to the vulnerabilities and exposures which should be adequately addressed by health and social policies.

AbstractBackground Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and subsequent COVID-19 has spread world-wide and become pandemic with about 7 million deaths reported so far. Interethnic variability of the disease has been described, but a significant part of the differences remain unexplained and may be attributable to genetic factors.Aim To analyse genetic factors potentially influencing COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in European Roma minority.Subjects and methods Two genetic determinants, within OAS-1 (2-prime,5-prime-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, a key protein in the defence against viral infection; it activates RNases that degrade viral RNAs; rs4767027 has been analysed) and LZTFL1 (leucine zipper transcription factor-like 1, expressed in the lung respiratory epithelium; rs35044562 has been analysed) genes were screened in a population-sample of Czech Roma (N = 302) and majority population (N = 2,559).Results For both polymorphisms, Roma subjects were more likely carriers of at least one risky allele for both rs4767027-C (p

I analyse two versions that have come down to us of Marcus Aurelius' dream before he was appointed as Antoninus Pius' successor, a dream in which Marcus has ivory shoulders. I examine the dream metaphorically and proceed to a summary of Marcus's life, from his childhood to the empire, ending by understanding the dream as a dreamlike prescription about what attitude would be favourable to Marcus at the helm of Rome, as well as an anticipation of his capacity to endure great challenges during his rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article contains an overview of an innovative educational prescription "Ethnology and cultural anthropology" (ECA), based on the results of a multi-year interdisciplinary study of the socio-cultural and ethno-confessional features and processes of a specific region of Bulgaria - the city of Lom and its surroundings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mersin University School of Medicine Lokman Hekim Journal of History of Medicine & Folk Medicine is the property of Mersin University School of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of TYB Akademi Dil Edebiyat & Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Turkiye Yazarlar Birligi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Infant mortality rates are reliable indices of the child and general population health status and health care delivery. The most critical factors affecting infant mortality are socioeconomic status and ethnicity. The aim of this study was to assess the association between socioeconomic disadvantage, ethnicity, and perinatal, neonatal, and infant mortality in Slovakia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The associations between socioeconomic disadvantage (educational level, long-term unemployment rate), ethnicity (the proportion of the Roma population) and mortality (perinatal, neonatal, and infant) in the period 2017–2022 were explored, using linear regression models. Results: The higher proportion of people with only elementary education and long-term unemployed, as well as the higher proportion of the Roma population, increases mortality rates. The proportion of the Roma population had the most significant impact on mortality in the selected period between 2017 and 2022, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022). Conclusions: Life in segregated Roma settlements is connected with the accumulation of socioeconomic disadvantage. Persistent inequities between Roma and the majority population in Slovakia exposed by mortality rates in children point to the vulnerabilities and exposures which should be adequately addressed by health and social policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe poverty literature often overlooks the relationship between housing insecurity and income-generating activities. The often informal sources of income among the homeless strongly connect to other aspects of their lives. Nonetheless, these groups of severely deprived people are often missing from large-scale studies and official statistics. Using an original and comprehensive survey, we document the complex interaction between living conditions and begging, a most visible form of extreme poverty and a central concern for urban planning and social assistance. We interviewed 358 people who were begging between 2021 and 2022 in Brussels. We estimate that approximately 80% of them are Romanian Roma. Our findings suggest that around half of the people who beg sleep rough, while some occupy relatively insecure and low-quality dwellings. Further differences relate to gender and ethnicity, with women and those with children more often seen in emergency accommodations and non-conventional dwellings and Romanian Roma occupying, on average, more problematic housing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The site known as Lipnica is a segregated Roma settlement built on the edge of a municipal landfill in the district town of Turčany, central Slovakia (fictitious names have been used for the site and the town). The settlement emerged as a result of processes rooted in neoliberal economic restructuring, accompanied by a sharp rise in unemployment in the 1990s. The settlement was originally built to provide temporary housing for those who were in arrears for rent in municipal flats, and originally consisted of one apartment building and several modular cabins. In the following years it expanded, and today it is an ethnic quasi-ghetto for approximately 400 Roma inhabitants. From a theoretical perspective, an analysis of the Lipnica settlement is situated at the intersection of critical race theory and environmental justice theory. In this article, we describe the trajectory leading to the formation of the settlement and analyse how the impoverishment of the Roma, coupled with the construction of the community as 'maladjusted' anti-social others, facilitated their spatial exclusion. We conclude that the case demythologises culturising explanations for the emergence of Roma settlements, by using empirical data to show how Lipnica developed as a result of intentional discriminatory policies of the local ruling class used against an ethnic minority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses a Polanyian frame to place the plight of Roma in Europe in the context of an age of crisis, as evidenced by faltering neoliberal economies and a corresponding rise in xenophobia and extreme manifestations of nationalism. The situation of the Roma remains precarious, a situation exacerbated by the 2008 economic crises and the COVID-pandemic. Despite a number of social inclusion measures in recent decades, at the national and European level which target the Roma, Roma exclusion remains a serious challenge. The paper assesses why previous policy regimes failed but also reflects on what is the way forward in terms of inclusive policy frameworks. The article seeks to provide some answers to these questions with a vision of a Polanyian countermovement in the form of a New Social Europe predicated on redistribution, recognition and community action but also a re-envisioning of integration and transformative change in structural and cultural terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to demonstrate the analytical potential of initial vocational education and training (iVET) in the debate on the costs of social mobility. It is based on extensive qualitative fieldwork with over 250 young people in Romania's iVET (around 20% of whom were Roma). Central to the discourses of young Roma are the experiences of discrimination, the absence of a 'vocational habitus' and an awareness of credential inflation, despite the social and economic costs of attending iVET. The research calls for a recalibration of the narrative on social mobility, in an economic context where work is becoming increasingly precarious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This international, phenomenological study involved marginalised individuals who completed higher education despite their socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds. Two subsamples included first-in-family college graduates; 16 Roma professionals in the Czech Republic and 29 Native American academics across the United States. Due to the assimilationist legacy and class privilege underlying the respective educational systems, the participants' education-driven social mobility trajectories entailed particular struggles. However, the participants were able to reinterpret and transform selected factors inherent to the disadvantageous sociocultural contexts of their working class or even underclass backgrounds into sources of resilience. Although the historically embedded sociocultural and political contexts pertaining to each population impacted these sources, patterns shared across participants regardless of their diversity are highlighted. This study develops a deep understanding of crucial interest to educational practitioners and policy-makers. Marginalised minority members can also benefit from learning how differentiated and distinctive meaning systems associated with social mobility trajectories can hinder/facilitate resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]